Wikipedia

Rajahmundry

Rajahmundry(/ˈrɑːdʒəmʌndrɪ/RAH-juh-mun-dree), officiallyRajamahendravaram,[9]is a city in theIndian stateofAndhra Pradeshand district headquarters ofEast Godavari district.It is theseventh most populated cityin the state.[10]DuringBritish rule,the district of Rajahmundry was created in theMadras Presidencyin 1823.[11]It was reorganised in 1859 and bifurcated into theGodavariandKrishnadistricts.Kakinadawas the headquarters of Godavari district, which was further bifurcated intoEast GodavariandWest Godavaridistricts in 1925.[12]It is administered underRajahmundry revenue divisionof the East Godavari district.[13][14]The city is known for itsfloriculture,history, culture, agriculture, economy, tourism, and its heritage.[15]It is known as the "Cultural Capital of Andhra Pradesh".[16]

Rajahmundry
District Headquarter
Rajamahendravaram
Sunset over Godavari Arch Bridge
Sunset overGodavari Arch Bridge
Nickname:
Cultural capital of Andhra Pradesh
Map
Interactive map
Rajahmundry is located in Andhra Pradesh
Rajahmundry
Rajahmundry
Coordinates:16°59′N81°47′E/ 16.98°N 81.78°E/16.98; 81.78
CountryIndia
StateAndhra Pradesh
RegionCoastal Andhra
DistrictEast Godavari
Founded byRajaraja Narendra
Named forRajaraja Narendra
Government
• TypeMunicipal Corporation
• BodyRajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation(RMC)[1]
Rajamahendravaram Urban Development Authority (RUDA)[2]
Area
[3]
44.50 km2(17.18 sq mi)
Elevation
14 m (46 ft)
Population
(2011)[3][4]
341,831
•Metro
[5]
476,873
Languages
• OfficialTelugu
Time zoneUTC+5:30(IST)
PIN
533 1xx
Telephone code+91-883
Vehicle registrationAP-05 (former)
AP-39 (from 30 January 2019)[6]
Nominal GDP(2023-24)₹15,693 crore(US$1.8 billion)[7]

The city's name was derived fromRajaraja Narendra,the ruler ofChalukya dynastyof 11th century who ruled over the city.[17]In 2015, the city was renamed to Rajamahendravaram from the earlier name of Rajahmundry.[18]

Etymology

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The city was earlier calledRajamahendravaram,derived from theSanskritnameRajamahendrapuram(The city of King Mahendra).[8]Carrying the same meaning, it is also referred to asRajamahendri.During Qutb Shahi, Mughal, and Nizam rule, it was referred to in official records asRājmandrī[19]and the same name was anglicized during the British colonial era asRajahmundry.On 10 October 2015, the StateGovernment of Andhra Pradeshofficially renamed the city with its original name Rajamahendravaram.[20]

History

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See also:Rajamundry Sarkar
Portrait of Nannayya
Painting representing historical significance of Rajahmundry city at a wall in Rajahmundry railway station

Rajahmundry was established by Ammaraja Vishnuvardhana the First (919–934 AD). The city as a prominent settlement can be traced back to the rule of theEastern Chalukya[21]kingRajaraja Narendra,who reigned around 1022 AD.[22]Remains of 11th-century palaces and forts still exist.[23]

Rulers:[24]

Rajahmundry was under Dutch rule for some time. In 1602, the Dutch constructed a fort here. In 1857, the British conquered the Dutch. They converted it into a jail in 1864 and elevated it into a central jail in 1870. The jail is spread over 196 acres (79 ha) out of which the buildings occupy 37.24 acres (15.07 ha).

In the Madras Presidency, the District of Rajahmundry was created in 1823.[11]It was reorganised in 1859 and was bifurcated into Godavari and Krishna districts. During British rule, Rajahmundry was the headquarters of Godavari district, which was further bifurcated into East Godavari and West Godavari districts in 1925. When the Godavari district was split,Kakinadabecame the headquarters of East Godavari andElurubecame headquarters of West Godavari.[25]

Rajahmundry was the hotbed of several movements during India's freedom struggle and acted as a base for many key leaders. When theIndian National Congresshad its first meeting in Bombay (Mumbai), two leaders from Rajahmundry, Nyapathi Subba Rao and Kandukuri Veeresalingam, participated in it. Subba Rao, founder of Hindu Samaj in Rajahmundry, was also one of the six founders of India's noted English daily,The Hindu.

The Renaissance of Andhra Pradesh started in Rajahmundry.Kandukuri Veeresalingamis known as the Father of reforms in Andhra Pradesh. He started a monthly magazine Vivekavardhini, and a school for girls atDowleswaramin 1874. The first widow remarriage took place on 11 December 1881. A society with 16 members was started on 22 June 1884, which used to look after widow remarriages in Rajahmundry. The town hall was established in 1890 by Veeresalingam.Bipin Chandra Palvisited Rajahmundry in April 1905 during the Vandemataram Movement. During his visits, he used to address the public in "Pal Chowk" (the present-day Kotipalli Bus Stand).Annie Besantvisited Rajahmundry twice. First, she came during the foundations of a branch of the Divya Gyan Samaj at Alcot Gardens were being laid. She came again during the opening ceremony. Ramakrishna Mission was established in the city during 1950–51 near Kambal tank. The place is now the Ayakar Bhavan.

Rajahmundry is acclaimed as the birthplace ofTelugu literature—its grammar evolved from the pen of the city-born poetNannayya.Also known as 'Ādi Kavi' (the first poet) of Telugu, Nannayya, along withTikkanaandYerrana,translated theSanskritversion ofMahabharatainto Telugu. Kandukuri Veeresalingam – a social reformer and the author ofRajasekhara Charithram,the first Telugu novel – was also from Rajahmundry.

Geography

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See also:List of cities in Andhra Pradesh

Rajahmundry is located at16°59′N81°47′E/ 16.98°N 81.78°E/16.98; 81.78.[26]with an average elevation of 14 metres (46 ft). It is geographically located at centre ofGodavari Districts.There ispaddy,sugarcaneand various varieties offlowerscultivation in the area.River Godavariflows through the west of Rajahmundry.

The Rajahmundry traps, part of theDeccan Traps,are located on the Godavari river and are of particular interest to geologists.[27]

Climate

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The weather is hot and humid, with a tropical climate and, therefore, no distinct seasons. The mean maximum temperature is 32 °C (90 °F). The hottest season is from April to June, with temperature ranging from 34 °C (93 °F) to 48 °C (118 °F) with maximum of 52 °C (126 °F) recorded in May 2002 and May 2007. The coolest months are December and January, when it is pleasant at 27 °C (81 °F) to 30 °C (86 °F). There is heavymonsoonrain at the end of summer, with depressions in theBay of Bengal.

Climate data for Rajahmundry
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28
(82) 		30
(86) 		34
(93) 		38
(100) 		40
(104) 		37
(99) 		34
(93) 		33
(91) 		32
(90) 		31
(88) 		28
(82) 		27
(81) 		33
(91)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 19
(66) 		21
(70) 		23
(73) 		27
(81) 		29
(84) 		27
(81) 		26
(79) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		24
(75) 		21
(70) 		18
(64) 		24
(75)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 3
(0.1) 		6
(0.2) 		11
(0.4) 		21
(0.8) 		67
(2.6) 		142
(5.6) 		260
(10.2) 		187
(7.4) 		177
(7.0) 		197
(7.8) 		37
(1.5) 		7
(0.3) 		1,115
(43.9)
Source:en.climate-data.org

Rajahmundry has been ranked 16th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.[28]

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±%
187119,738—
188124,555+24.4%
189128,397+15.6%
190136,408+28.2%
191148,417+33.0%
192153,791+11.1%
193163,526+18.1%
194174,564+17.4%
1951105,276+41.2%
1961130,002+23.5%
1971188,805+45.2%
1981267,749+41.8%
1991324,881+21.3%
2001315,251−3.0%
2011341,831+8.4%

[2]

As of 2011Census of India,the city had a population 341,831.[5]29,883 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 15,152 are boys and 14,731 are girls—asex ratioof 972 per 1000. The average literacy rate stands at 84.28% (male 88.14%; female 80.54%) with 264,653 literates, significantly higher than the national average of 73.00%.[4][29]

Religions in Rajahmundry (2011)[30]
Religion Percent
Hindus
 
 92.21%
Muslims
 
 4.21%
Christians
 
 2.65%
Jains
 
 0.53%
Other or not stated
 
 0.40%
Distribution of religions

94.12% of the population spokeTeluguand 3.49%Urduas their first language.[31]

Governance

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Rajahmundry is spread over an area of 238.5 km2(92.1 sq mi) and metro area of 770.73 km2(297.58 sq mi) The Government is constructing an underground drainage system in the city.[32]The Government has merged 23 surrounding villages fromKorukonda,Rajanagaram,Rajahmundry RuralandKadiammandals intoRajamahendravaram Municipal Corporationand upgraded to Greater Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation (GRMC).[2]AP govt issued GO no:85 on 28 January 2020 and published it in the Gazette on 31 January 2020.Godavari Urban Development Authority(GUDA) is also working for the progress of new master plan.[citation needed]

Present representatives of City:

Mandals in city:

Floriculture

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Rajahmundry is also famous for flowers. Various varieties of flowers are cultivated here. Nurseries here are spread more than 3,500 acres inKadiam,Rajahmundry Ruralmandals of the city. Floriculture is expanding toMandapetatown. Central Floriculture Institute and Research Centre is under construction atVemagiriin the city.[33]Government is exporting these flowers fromRajahmundry Airportthroughcargo planes.

Economy

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Rajahmundry is a commercial hub forEast GodavariandWest GodavariDistricts. Nurseries in Kadiam mandal generates huge revenue toRajahmundry revenue division.A floriculture research centre is in construction atVemagirito give a major boost to the nurseries in Godavari districts.Floricultureis expanding toMandapeta,AlamuruandAtreyapurammandals. Main Road and Tadithota are main marketing places in the city. Many shopping complexes, multiplexes, hotels and convention halls are in construction nearNH 216A(oldNH 16) and it is becoming another shopping centre. Tourism also generates revenue to this region.[34]It is one of the largest bullion markets in India which consists hundreds of gold, silver and platinum shops throughout the city.

Industries and employment

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Rajahmundry is an industrial hub with huge industries generating employment. The city is the headquarters forONGC,GAILinK.G. Basin.Godavari districts are one of the largest petrochemical hubs in India. There are two huge paper mills in the city located at Luthergiri and Kadiam. There are two power plants in city i.e., GMR Power Plant and Vijjeswaram Power Plant (which runs on Natural gas and Naptha as primary and secondary fuels). The Government has set up industrial parks and industrial clusters at Nidigatla, Pallakadiam, Rajanagaram, Kadiyam, Jegurapadu areas in the city.[35]The present five-year plan of district consists of making the city as an IT Hub.

Culture

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Art and crafts

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Damerla Rama Rao Art Gallery is dedicated to the works of the artistDamerla Rama Raoof the city and showcases various paintings by him such asKrishna Leela,Godavari of Eastern GhatsandMilkmaids of Kathiawar.[36]

Ratnam pens are the first handcrafted pens in India since 1932.[37]The pens are made from ebonite with gold or silver plated nibs. Ratnamson is a brand name of the K.V.Ratnam and sons, Ratnam Ball pen works at Fort Gate, Rajahmudry.[38]

Literature

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Nannayyais the earliest knownTelugu poet,and the author of the first third of theAndhra Mahabharatam,a Telugu retelling of theMahabharata.Sri Kandukuri Veeresalingam(1848–1919), a renownedsocial reformer,is widely considered as the man who first brought about a renaissance in Telugu literature andTelugu people;he is also known to have fought for women's issues.[39]General Sir Arthur Thomas Cotton,(15 May 1803 – 24 July 1899) was a British General and an Irrigation engineer.[40]Adurthi Subba Rao,prominent old-time Director and Producer of Telugu Films.[citation needed]Julia Maitland,a campaigner for "native" education, founded a multilingual school and reading room in the town in 1837.[41]Nalam Krishna Rao,a write and social activist from Godavari, setup theGowthami Grandhalayamin Rajahmundry in 1898.

Music and films

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Durga Cinetonewas the firstSouth Indianfilm studio, to be built in Rajahmundry in the year 1936 by Nidamarthi Surayya. Many other films are being shot in the city.[42]

The city has produced many well-known artists in theTelugu film industrysuch asAdurthi Subba Rao,S. V. Ranga Rao,Ali,Raja Babu,Jaya Prada,Sameera Reddy,Bhanupriya,Sriman,Meghna Reddy,Thotakura Venkata Raju,Uma Pemmaraju,Ramesh,Sira Sri,Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar,AliandJ. D. Chakravarthy.[citation needed]

Tourism

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Sir Arthur Cotton BarrageinRajahmundryon River Godavari
Cotton museum

The riverGodavariand its bridges and the Sir Arthur Cotton Museum[43]are some of the attractions in the city. Rajahmundry is a tourist destination in the state. Daily tourist boats are availed fromPushkar GhattoPapikondaluandBhadrachalam.Nurseries in Kadiam mandal is another tourist destination.

Government ofAndhra Pradeshis rehabilitating theold Godavari bridge(Havelock Bridge) and constructing resorts, convention centers, film studios, hotels, recreational places at Pichukalanka and other islands on River Godavari and eco-tourism centre atKadiyapulanka,Zoological Park. Government of Andhra Pradesh is constructing Rajahmundry International Cricket Stadium on PPP mode to host international matches.[44]Greater Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation (GRMC),Godavari Urban Development Authority(GUDA) andAndhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation(APTDC) is planning River Front Development on 22 km (14 mi) stretch of river Godavari from Venkatanagaram to Vemagiri. The Government is signingMoUswith private agencies for Malls, Multiplexes, Hotels, Convention Centers and Recreational places on PPP mode as a part of tourism development.Rajahmundry Airportis being developed as an international airport for giving a major boost to tourism in Godavari districts.Polavaram Project,which is 25 km (16 mi) away from city will become another major tourist site near the city.[45]

Transport

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Main article:Transport in Rajahmundry
Godavari Rail Bridges view from PushkharGhat
Rajahmundry Railway station Entrance
Rajahmundry Airport

The bridges across Godavari river are an important transport infrastructure for connectivity such as, theGodavari Bridge,[46]which is the third longestrailroad bridge in India;[47]and theGodavari Arch Bridge,commissioned on 14 March 1997 forHowrah–Chennai main line.[48]While, theOld Godavari Bridge(The Havelock Bridge) was the earliest of all, built in 1897 and was decommissioned in 1997.[47][49][50]The city also hasDowleswaram Cotton Barragebridge andfourth bridgeon either side of the main city that connects the highways of East Godavari and West Godavari districts.

Roads

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Rajahmundry is very well connected to the state and the rest of India with a network of state and national highways.NH 16passes through the city.NH 365BB,NH 516Dconnects the city withKhammam,SuryapetandHyderabad.NH 216Awhich is a spur road to NH-16 connects the city withRavulapalem,Tanuku,TadepalligudemandEluru.NH 516Econnects the city withVizianagaramviaRampachodavaram,NarsipatnamandAraku.

ADB Road andSH 40(Canal Road) connects the city withKakinadaandSH 41is connected withOdisha,Chhattisgarh,Telanganaborders with Andhra Pradesh andBhadrachalam.SH 104connects the city withAmalapuram.SH 172is connected toPurushottampatnamandPolavaram Project.SH 72connects the city toNidadavolu,PalakolluandNarasapuram,Bhimavaram.

NHAIis constructing flyovers on NH 16 and NH 216A atDiwancheruvu,Lalacheruvu,Morampudi,VemagiriandKadiyapulankajunctions in the city to ease traffic. Trumpet Bridge is being constructed at ADB road on NH 16 inRajanagaram.An ROB was proposed from Morampudi to Kotipalli Bus stand.Godavari Urban Development Authority(GUDA), Greater Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation (GRMC) are constructing an outer ring road (ORR) for the city to ease traffic in the city.

Railways

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Rajahmundry railway stationis classified as anA categorystation.[51]It is located on theHowrah-Chennai main lineofSouth Central Railway zone.The new platforms 4 and 5 were operational from 2023.Godavari,Kadiyam,andKovvurare other railway stations serving the city region. A second railway line is proposed on the Godavari Arch Bridge. A new railway line toRaipurfrom the city connectingRampachodavaramand other East agency areas is in the proposal. The frequency of trains will be increased after the completion ofKovvur-Bhadrachalamrailway line and the distance toSecunderabadwill be decreased.[52]

Waterways

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National Waterway 4was declared on 24 November 2008, which connects the Indian states ofAndhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu,and theunion territoryofPuducherry.It passes throughKakinada,Rajahmundry,Tadepalligudem,Eluru,Commanur,Buckingham Canaland also part ofKrishnaandGodavaririvers.Kakinada Portis the nearest port to the city. A new commercial port is under construction at Kakinada City byGMRonPPPmode.NarasapuramPort is proposed according to AP State Reorganisation Act.[53]It is being developed byInland Waterways Authority of India.Inland water port is proposed atBobbillanka.APTDCand other private agencies' boats andlaunchesare available daily from Pushakar Ghat toPapikondaluandBhadrachalam.[54]

Airways

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Rajahmundry Airportis situated atMadhurapudiin the north of Rajamahendravaram.[55]The airport serves the people of godavari districts in Andhra Pradesh. Indigo airline has been operating non-stop flights to and fro the cities namely Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, and Mumbai. The airport's runway was expanded from 1,749 m to 3,165 m and it is the second longest runway in the state of Andhra Pradesh. A new integrated domestic terminal will come up at Rajahmundry airport as part of its expansion and upgradation plans. The new terminal building, which will be built at a cost of Rs 135 crore, will have all modern facilities including aero bridges, and will be able to handle 1,400 passengers (700 arrivals and 700 departures) at a time. The airport has also obtained a DGCA license for handling wide-bodied aircraft such asAirbus A321andBoeing 737.[56]The airport has a dedicated cargo terminal. The government of AP is keen on exporting flowers through this airport from the nurseries inKadiyam mandalof East Godavari district.

Education

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The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under theSchool Education Departmentof the state.[57][58]As per the school information report for the academic year 2016–17, the city has 55,501[59]students enrolled in 244 schools.[60]The medium of instruction followed by schools are Telugu and English.[61][62]TheRailway High Schoolin the city has a history of more than hundred years, established in the year 1909.[63]

The city has one of the thirteen regional offices of theBoard of Intermediate Education,which administersIntermediate education (10+2)education.[64]The Government Junior College is the only government run junior college, established in 1974 and there are four private-aided, twenty private-unaided colleges in the city.[65]

TheGovernment Arts Collegewas founded more than 150 years ago by the reformer,Kandukuri Veeresalingam Panthulu.[66]The BEd Training Institute is one of the oldest in India.Adikavi Nannaya Universitywas established in March 2006, named after an 11th-century poet,Nannayya.[67]Other major universities in the city includePotti Sreeramulu Telugu University,[68]Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University,[69]Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University Study Center.[70]Andhra Pradesh State Forest Academy is located in the city for Forest skills training.[71]

National Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh,Tadepalligudemis located 34 km (21 mi) from the city.

Central Government Institutions in the city are as follows:

"Central Floriculture Institute and Research Centre" is in construction atVemagiri.[33]"Science City" is in construction at Bommuru.[73]

After the Reorganization ofAndhra PradeshState the following institutes are sanctioned for the city:

  • "Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy (IIPE)".
  • "National Civil Aviation Academy".[65]
  • "National Institute of Drama (NID)".
  • "AP State Forest Academy".[63]

See also

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References

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