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Ethiopiais afederationsubdivided into ethno-linguistically basedregional states(Amharic:plural: ክልሎችkililoch;singular: ክልልkilil;Oromo:singular:Naannoo;plural:Naannolee) andchartered cities(Amharic: plural: አስተዳደር አካባቢዎችastedader akababiwoch;singular: አስተዳደር አካባቢastedader akabibi). This system of administrative regions replaced theprovinces of Ethiopiain 1992.[1]
| Regional states and chartered cities of Ethiopia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Category | Federation |
| Location | Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia |
| Created |
|
| Number | 12 regions, 2 chartered cities (as of 2025) |
| Government |
|
| Subdivisions | |
As of August 2023, there are twelve regional states and two chartered cities (Addis AbabaandDire Dawa). Being based on ethnicity and language, rather than physical geography or history, the regions vary enormously in area and population; the most notable example is theHarari Region,which has a smaller area and population than either of the chartered cities.
Governance
editThe regions are each governed by a regional council whose members are directly elected to representworedas(districts). Each council has a president, who is elected by the council. Each region also has an executive committee, whose members are selected by the president from among the councilors and approved by the council. Each region has a sector bureau, which implements the council mandate and reports to the executive committee.[2]
History
editEthiopia was historically divided intoprovinces.The current system of administrative regions was introduced in 1992 by theTransitional Government of Ethiopia,and was formalised in 1995 when the currentConstitution of Ethiopiacame into force.[1]
There were 13 regions initially, but five regions were merged to form the multi-ethnicSouthern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Regionlater in 1992, following the first elections of regional councils on 21 June 1992.[3]The country's capitalAddis Ababa,andDire Dawabecame chartered cities in 2004.
New regions
editDuring the premiership ofAbiy Ahmed,several new regions have been created.
In November 2019, areferendumwas held in theSidama Zoneof theSouthern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region,in which voters supported a proposal for Sidama Zone to become a region in its own right.[4]The Sidama Region was created in June 2020.[5]
TheSouth West Ethiopia Regionwas created on 23 November 2021 following asuccessful referendumearlier that year. The new region was split off from theSNNPRand consisted ofKeffa,Sheka,Bench Sheko,Dawro,andWest OmoZones,along withKontaspecial district.[6]
On 19 August 2023 theSouth Ethiopia Regional Statecreated following the2023 South Ethiopia Region referendumwith the remainder becoming theCentral Ethiopia Regional State,thus dissolving the SNNPR.[7]
List of regions and chartered cities
edit| Flag | Name | Population (2024)[8] | Area (km2)[9] | Capital | Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Addis Ababa(city) | 5,704,000 | 527 | Addis Ababa | 
|
|
Afar Region | 3,350,000 | 72,051 | Semera | 
|
|
Amhara Region | 32,456,300 | 154,709 | Bahir Dar | 
|
|
Benishangul-Gumuz Region | 1,251,000 | 50,699 | Asosa | 
|
|
Central Ethiopia Regional State | 10,561,000[10] | 15,098.97 | Hosaina | 
|
|
Dire Dawa(city) | 551,000 | 1,559 | Dire Dawa | 
|
|
Gambela Region | 525,000 | 29,783 | Gambela | 
|
|
Harari Region | 283,000 | 334 | Harar | 
|
|
Oromia Region | 40,884,000 | 284,538 | Addis Ababa[11] | 
|
|
Sidama Region | 5,301,868 | 12,000 | Hawassa | 
|
|
Somali Region | 6,657,000 | 279,525[12] | Jijiga | 
|
|
South Ethiopia Regional State | 7,584,741[13] | 45,209.26 | Wolaita Sodo | 
|
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South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region | 4,197,164 | 39,400 | Bonga | 
|
|
Tigray Region | 6,838,000 | 50,079[a] | Mek'ele | 
|
See also
editNotes
edit- ^The 2011 National Statistics gave an area of 41,410 km2for Tigray, but the sum of the figures it gave for the Tigray zones was substantially different,[9]rendering the 2011 report internally inconsistent. The figure of 50,079 km2in the 2006 statistics report[14]is supported by theGoogle Mapsarea calculator.
References
edit- ^abMulatu Wubneh (2017)."Ethnic Identity Politics and the Restructuring of Administrative Units in Ethiopia".International Journal of Ethiopian Studies.11(1 & 2):105–138.JSTOR26586251.
- ^Yilmaz, Serdar; Venugopal, Varsha (2008).Local Government Discretion and Accountability in Ethiopia(PDF).Working Paper 08-38. International Studies Program, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University. pp.4–5. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 20 October 2013.Retrieved22 June2013.
- ^Lyons, Terrence (1996). "Closing the Transition: The May 1995 Elections in Ethiopia".Journal of Modern African Studies.34(1): 135.doi:10.1017/S0022278X00055233.JSTOR161741.S2CID155079488.
- ^"The Sidama have voted for their own state. So what next?".4 December 2019.
- ^Abdu, Brook (20 June 2020)."Sidama embarks on statehood".The Reporter.Retrieved22 November2020.
- ^"South West Ethiopia Peoples Region Officially Established".MSN Africa.Addis Ababa. Ethiopian News Agency (ENA). 23 November 2021.Retrieved28 November2021.
- ^"Ethiopia's two new regional states formed: Central Ethiopia, South Ethiopia".August 20, 2023.
- ^"Population Size by Sex Zone and Wereda July 2023"(PDF).Ethiopian Statistical Service.August 2023.Retrieved19 August2023.
- ^ab"2011 National Statistics"(PDF).Central Statistical Agency.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2015-09-23.Retrieved2014-12-10.
- ^Research Institute, International Food Policy; Research Institute, Ethiopian Development (2008).Population and Housing census atlas of Ethiopia 2007(Report). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
{{cite report}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ^"Oromia Regional State".Ethiopian Government Portal. 2020. Archived fromthe originalon 28 July 2017.Retrieved6 May2020.
- ^Estimate fromBritannica Book of the Year.Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 2014. p. 594.ISBN978-1-62513-171-3– via Google Books.
- ^"Population Size by Sex, Region, Zone and Wereda: July 2023"(PDF).Ethiopian Statistical Service.
- ^"National Statistics: Section-B Population"(PDF).Central Statistical Agency.2006. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 21 February 2007.