Wikipedia

Robin Hood(1973 film)

"Robin Hood (Disney)" redirects here. For the character, seeRobin Hood (Disney character).

Robin Hoodis a 1973 American animatedmusicaladventurecomedy filmproduced byWalt Disney Productionsand released byBuena Vista Distribution.Produced and directed byWolfgang Reitherman,it is based on the English folktale "Robin Hood".Taking place in a world populated byanthropomorphicanimals, the story follows the adventures ofRobin Hood,Little John,and the inhabitants ofNottinghamas they fight against the excessive taxation ofPrince John,and Robin Hood wins the hand ofMaid Marian.The film features the voices ofBrian Bedford,Phil Harris,Peter Ustinov,Pat Buttram,Monica Evans,Terry-Thomas,Roger Miller,andCarole Shelley.

Robin Hood
Theatrical release poster
Directed byWolfgang Reitherman
Story by
Based onThe legend ofRobin Hood
Produced byWolfgang Reitherman
Starring
Edited by
  • Tom Acosta
  • Jim Melton
Music byGeorge Bruns
Production
company
Distributed byBuena Vista Distribution
Release date
  • November 8, 1973(1973-11-08)
Running time
83 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$5 million[1]
Box office$33 million[2]

The idea to adaptRobin Hoodinto an animated feature was dated back toWalt Disney's interest in the tale ofReynard the Foxfollowing the release ofSnow White and the Seven Dwarfs(1937). The idea was repeatedly shelved for several decades. In 1968,Ken Andersonpitched a film adaptation of Robin Hood, incorporating ideas from Reynard the Fox by using anthropomorphic animals rather than humans. The project was approved, becoming the first completely"post-Walt"animated feature and the first with an entirely non-human cast.

Robin Hoodwas released on November 8, 1973. The film received mixed reviews from critics, but it was nonetheless a box-office success, grossing $33 million worldwide against a production budget of $5 million. Although some retrospective reviews have criticized the heavy use of animation recycled from previous Disney films, the film's reputation has grown positively over time and has since become acult classic.

Plot

MinstrelAlan-a-Dalenarrates the story. While crossingSherwood Forest,Robin HoodandLittle Johnnarrowly escape capture by theSheriff of Nottinghamand hisarchers.They learn that the arrogant, greedy, and immaturePrince Johnwill be traveling through the forest. They rob his caravan, embarrassing the Prince who promises revenge. Robin and Little John distribute the Prince's wealth among the starving and overtaxed villagers ofNottingham.Robin also gives a hat and bow to young Skippy Rabbit for the latter's birthday. Trying out the bow, Skippy accidentally fires an arrow into the courtyard of Prince John's castle. While retrieving it, Skippy and his friends meetMaid Marianand herlady-in-waitingLady Kluck. Skippy's hat reminds Marian of Robin Hood, and she reveals that they were childhood sweethearts. She wonders if Robin still remembers her.

Meanwhile, Robin is thinking of Marian at his and Little John's forest hideaway. Local priestFriar Tuckbrings news that Prince John will be hosting an archery tournament; the grand prize will be a kiss from Maid Marian. Robin and Little John, disguised as aDevonshirestorkand (respectively) the Duke of Chutney, win the competition; however, Prince John sees through Robin's disguise and sentences him to death. Marian pleads for Robin's life; while they proclaim their love for each other, Little John gets Robin released by threatening Prince John with a dagger in his back. Suddenly the Sheriff of Nottingham intervenes, and Prince John again orders Robin's death. The Nottingham villagers fight Prince John's soldiers. During the fight, Robin proposes to Marian, which she accepts. Robin, Marian, Lady Kluck, and Little John escape.

Robin and Marian share a romantic evening, which is disrupted by the partying of the Nottingham villagers. They sing “The Phony King of England”, about Prince John's fraud and incompetence; the song becomes popular even among Prince John's own advisors. The Prince angrily triples the taxes on the villagers, all of whom are soon jailed when their money runs out. Visiting Friar Tuck's now-empty church, the Sheriff takes a gold coin from the poor box. When Friar Tuck attempts to get the coin back, he is arrested for hightreason.Prince John orders his execution as bait to trap Robin Hood.

The night before the execution, Robin and Little John break into the jail. They free the villagers, who make off with Prince John's wealth. Sir Hiss, ostensibly the Prince'saide-de-campbut in fact hiswhipping boy,tries to stop the breakout by rousing the castle. The villagers escape, but Robin is trapped while rescuing Skippy's younger sister Tagalong. The Sheriff chases Robin with a lit torch, setting the castle on fire. Cornered, Robin evades Prince John's archers by diving from a turret into the moat. Sir Hiss criticizes Prince John for the plot, which resulted in his mother's castle being destroyed. Infuriated, the Prince chases Hiss through the flames.

Later on,King Richardreturns from the Crusades. He puts Prince John, Sir Hiss, and the Sheriff of Nottingham in prison. Richard also pardons Robin Hood and forgives the villagers' taxes. Robin and Marian are married and ride off together.

Voice cast

Production

"As director of story and character concepts, I knew right off that sly Robin Hood must be a fox. From there it was logical that Maid Marian should be a pretty vixen. Little John, legendarily known for his size, was easily a big overgrown bear.

Friar Tuck is great as a badger, but he was also great as a pig, as I had originally planned. Then I thought the symbol of a pig might be offensive to theChurch,so we changed him. Richard the Lion-hearted, of course, had to be a regal, proud, strong lion; and his pathetic cousin [historically, and in the movie, his brother] Prince John, the weak villain, also had to be a lion, but we made him scrawny and childish. I originally thought of a snake as a member of the poor townspeople but one of the other men here suggested that a snake would be perfect as a slithering consort [Sir Hiss] to mean Prince John. "

—Ken Anderson[4][5]

During production onSnow White and the Seven Dwarfsin 1937,Walt Disneybecame interested in adapting the twelfth-century legend ofReynardthe Fox.[5]However, the project languished due to Disney's concern that Reynard was an unsuitable choice for a hero.[6]In a meeting held on February 12, 1938, Disney commented:

I see swell possibilities in 'Reynard', but is it smart to make it? We have such a terrific kid audience... parents and kids together. That's the trouble – too sophisticated. We'll take a nosedive doing it with animals.[7]

ForTreasure Island(1950), Disney seriously considered three animated sections, each one of the Reynard tales, to be told byLong John SilvertoJim Hawkinsas moral fables. Ultimately, the idea was nixed asTreasure Islandbecame the studio's first fully live-action film. In the next decade, the studio decided to make Reynard the villain of a musical feature film based onEdmond Rostand'sChanticleer,but the production was scrapped in favor ofThe Sword in the Stone(1963).[5]

In October 1968,Ken Andersonwent on a fishing trip with Disney Studios presidentCard Walker.There, Walker suggested that a classic tale should be the subject for the next animated film afterThe Aristocats(1970). Anderson proposed the tale ofRobin Hood,to which Walker responded enthusiastically.[8]Back at the studio, Anderson relayed the idea during a story meeting onThe Aristocatswhich was met with approval. In a follow-up meeting, withWolfgang Reitherman,Bill Anderson(no relation), andLarry Clemmons,Ken Anderson was assigned the job to begin "exploratory animal character drawings".[9]On his own, Anderson blended his ideas for the character Robin Hood by conceptualizing him as a slick fox that still used his skills to protect the community.[10]

Additionally, Anderson wanted to set the film in theDeep Southdesiring to recapture the spirit ofSong of the South(1946). Anderson explained, "Basically I had a wonderful time onSong of the South,and I know that all of my friends in animation did. They loved the part I played and I loved the part they played... And so it was an attempt on my part to get the best of that sort of thing and get it going on again, bring it up-to-date. "[11]However, the Disney Studios executives had precautions because of the racial controversy surroundingSong of the South.Reitherman further overruled Anderson's creative suggestion by setting the film in its traditional English location as inspired byThe Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men(1952).[12]Clemmons came on board the project to write a story outline with dialogue that was laterstoryboardedby other artists.[10]

As production went further along, Robin Allan stated in his bookWalt Disney and Europethat "Ken Anderson wept when he saw how his character concepts had been processed into stereotypes for the animation onRobin Hood."[13]According toFrank ThomasandOllie Johnston,one such casualty was the concept of making the Sheriff of Nottingham a goat as an artistic experiment to try different animals for a villain, only to be overruled by Reitherman who wanted to keep to the villainous stereotype of a wolf instead.[14]Additionally, Anderson wanted to include theMerry Meninto the film, which was again overridden by Reitherman because he wanted a "buddy picture"reminiscent ofButch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid(1969).[15]Little John was the only Merry Man retained in the film, while Friar Tuck was put as a friend of Robin's who lived in Nottingham, and Alan-a-Dale was turned into the narrator.

Because of the time spent on developing several settings, and auditioning actors to voice the title character, production fell behind schedule.[12]In order to meet its deadline, the animators had no other choice but to recycle several dance sequences from previous Disney animated films, includingSnow White and the Seven Dwarfs(1937),The Jungle Book(1967), andThe Aristocats(1970) that are used in the "Phony King of England" scene.[16]

Casting

By October 1970, most of the voice actors were confirmed, with the exception ofTommy Steelecast in the title role.[17]Steele himself was chosen because of his performance inThe Happiest Millionaire(1967) whilePeter Ustinovwas cast because Walt Disney had enjoyed his presence on the set ofBlackbeard's Ghost(1968). However, Steele was unable to make his character sound more heroic,[12]and his replacement came down to final two candidates which wereBernard FoxandBrian Bedford.[18]Disney executives had first seen Bedford performing onstage in Los Angeles, in which they brought him in to test for the role in May 1971 and ultimately cast him.[19]Meanwhile,Louis Primawas so angered at not being considered for a role that he personally paid the recording expenses for the subsequent album,Let's "Hear" it For Robin Hood,which he sold toDisneyland Records.[20]

Release

The film premiered at theRadio City Music Hallon November 8, 1973.[21]The film was re-released on March 26, 1982.

Home media

The film was first released on VHS, CED, Betamax, and Laserdisc on December 3, 1984, becoming the debut installment of theWalt Disney Classicshome video line.[22]Disney had thought the idea of releasing any of its animated classics (known as the "untouchables" ) might threaten future theatrical reissue revenue. However,Robin Hoodwas viewed as the first choice since it was not held in such high esteem as some of the other titles.[23]The VHS counterpart was re-released several times. The release went intomoratoriumin April 1987.[24]4 years after the moratorium, it was re-issued as a permanent availability title on July 12, 1991.[25]The film was re-released on VHS six more times; on October 28, 1994, March 3, 1995, February 28, 1996, July 15, 1997, March 31, 1998, and July 13, 1999, in the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection line.

In January 2000,Walt Disney Home Videolaunched the Gold Classic Collection. Six months later,Robin Hoodwas re-released on VHS and DVD in the line on July 4, 2000, and remained in stock until the spring of 2006.[26]The DVD contained the film in its 1.33:1aspect ratio,and was accompanied with special features including a trivia game and the cartoon short "Ye Olden Days".[27]The remastered "Most Wanted Edition" DVD ( "Special Edition" in the UK) was released on November 28, 2006, in a16:9 matted transferto represent its original theatrical screen ratio. It also featured a deleted scene/alternate ending of Prince John attempting to kill a wounded Robin Hood. On August 6, 2013, the film was released as the 40th Anniversary Edition on a Blu-ray combo pack.[28]

Reception

Critical reaction

Judith Crist,reviewing the film inNew Yorkmagazine, said it was "nicely tongue-in-cheek without insult to the intelligence of either child or adult." She also stated that it "has class – in the fine cast that gives both voice and personality to the characters, in the bright and brisk dialogue, in its overall concept."[29]Vincent CanbyofThe New York Timeswrote that it "should... be a good deal of fun for toddlers whose minds have not yet shriveled into orthodoxy" and he called the visual style "charmingly conventional".[30]Dave Billington ofThe Montreal Gazettewrote "As a film,Robin Hoodmarks a come-back of sorts for the Disney people. Ever since the old maestro died, the cartoon features have shown distressing signs of a drop in quality, both in art work and in voice characterization. But the blending of appealing cartoon animals with perfect voices for the part makesRobin Hoodan excellent evening out for the whole family. "[31]Also writing inNew Yorkmagazine, Ruth Gilbert called it "a sweet, funny, slam-bang, good-hearted Walt Disney feature cartoon with a fine cast" and wrote it was "a feast for the eyes for kiddies and Disney nostalgics."[32]

Charles Champlinof theLos Angeles Timeswrote that the Disney "hallmarks are there as they ever were: the incomparably rich, full animation, the humanized animal characters perky, individual and enchanting, and the wild, inventive slapstick action."[33]Awarding the film four stars out of five, Ian Nathan, in a retrospective review forEmpire,praised the vocal performances of Peter Ustinov and Terry-Thomas acknowledging "while this is hardly the most dazzling of animated features, it has that cut-corner feel that seem to hold sway in the '70s (mainly because Disney were cutting corners), the characters spark to life, and the story remains as rock steady as ever."[34]

Among less favorable reviews,Jay CocksofTimegave the film a mixed verdict writing, "Even at its best,Robin Hoodis only mildly diverting. There is not a single moment of the hilarity or deep, eerie fear that the Disney people used to be able to conjure up, or of the sort of visual invention that made the early features so memorable.Robin Hood's basic problem is that it is rather too pretty and good natured. "[35]Gene Siskelof theChicago Tribunegave the film one-and-a-half stars out of four, describing the film as "80 minutes of pratfalls and nincompoop dialog," and criticizing the animation quality as "Saturday morning TV cartoon stuff."[36]John Baxter ofThe Monthly Film Bulletinwrote that "for the most part the film is as bland and one-dimensional as the product of less sophisticated studios; and except for Peter Ustinov's plummy Prince John, the voice characterisations are as insipid as the animation is unoriginal."[37]

Decades since the film's release, the film has been noted for the recycled scenes of animation.[38]Thereview aggregatorwebsiteRotten Tomatoesreported that the film received a 58% approval rating with an average rating of 5.7/10 based on 31 reviews. The website's consensus states that "One of the weaker Disney adaptations,Robin Hoodis cute and colorful but lacks the majesty and excitement of the studio's earlier efforts. "[39]Metacriticgave the film a score of 57 based on 9 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[40]

Box office

During its initial release,Robin Hoodearned $9.6 million in rentals in the United States and Canada.[41]It also grossed $18 million in foreign territories, which was at the time a Disney record, for a worldwide rental of $27.5 million.[42]

The film has earned a lifetime gross in the United States and Canada between $32–35 million across its two releases.[2][43][44]

Accolades

Award Category Nominee(s) Result Ref.
Academy Awards Best Song "Love"
Music byGeorge Bruns;
Lyrics byFloyd Huddleston 		Nominated [45]
Grammy Awards Best Recording for Children Robin Hood
Roger Millerand Various Artists 		Nominated [46]

Music

Robin Hood
Studio albumby
Various artists
Released1973
Recorded1969–1973
GenreClassical,soundtrack,classic pop
LabelDisneyland Records
Walt Disney Animation Studioschronology
The Aristocats
(1970) 		Robin Hood
(1973) 		The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh
(1977)

In 1969, Roger Miller began composing the songs for the film.[47]A record of the film was made at the time of its release in 1973, which included its songs, score, narration, and dialogue. Both "Oo-De-Lally" and "Love" appear on the CD collection,Classic Disney: 60 Years of Musical Magic."Love" is featured in the soundtrack for the 2009 filmFantastic Mr. Fox,directed byWes Anderson.The full soundtrack of the film was released on August 4, 2017, as part of theWalt Disney Records: The Legacy Collectionseries on compact disc and digital.[48]

The song "The Phony King of England" bears a strong resemblance to a much older, bawdy English folk song, "The Bastard King of England".[49]

Songs

Original songs performed in the film include:

No.TitleWriter(s)Performer(s)Length
1."Whistle Stop"Roger MillerRoger Miller
2."Oo-De-Lally"Roger MillerRoger Miller
3."Love"Floyd Huddleston&George BrunsNancy Adams
4."The Phony King of England"Johnny MercerPhil Harris
5."Not in Nottingham"Roger MillerRoger Miller
6."Whistle Stop (Reprise)"Roger Miller
7."Oo-De-Lally (Reprise)"Disney Studio Chorus

Legacy

The film has since become a fan favorite.[50][51]Disney animator and directorByron Howardadmitted thatRobin Hoodwas his favorite film while growing up and cited it as a major influence onZootopia.[52]It was also one of the many inspirations for the then-emergingfurry fandom.[50]Some of the characters from the film also cameoed in the 1983 Oscar-nominated featurette shortMickey's Christmas Carol.[53]The film was nominated for a spot onAFI's 10 Top 10byAmerican Film Institutein 2008 for the Animated Film list.[54]

The song "Love"was featured in the 2009 feature filmFantastic Mr. Fox.[55]as well as on the 2023AmazonSuper Bowlad "Saving Sawyer".[56][57][58]The song "Whistle-Stop" was sped up and used in theHampster Dance,one of the earliest internet memes,[59]and later used at normal speed in theSuper Bowl XLVIIIcommercial forT-Mobile.[60]The song "Oo De Lally" is featured in a 2015 commercial forAndroidwhich shows animals of different species playing together.[61]

Robin Hood, Little John, Maid Marian, Prince John and Sir Hiss appear as playable characters in the video gameDisney Magic Kingdoms,along with attractions based on Sherwood Forest and Nottingham. In the game, the characters are involved in new storylines that serve as a continuation of the events of the film.[62]

CGI remake

In April 2020, it was reported that Disney was developing alive-action/CGhybrid remake ofRobin Hoodfeaturing the same kind of anthropomorphic characters as in the 1973 film, with Kari Granlund writing,Carlos Lopez Estradadirecting (after previously directing theAcademy Award-nominatedRaya and the Last Dragon), and Justin Springer producing. The remake was set to be released exclusively onDisney+.[63]

See also

References

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  2. ^ab"Robin Hood, Box Office Information".The Numbers.RetrievedJanuary 17,2012.
  3. ^"Deutsche Synchronkartei | Filme | Robin Hood".synchronkartei.de.RetrievedMay 3,2020.
  4. ^Anderson, Ken (Winter 1973–74). "Walt Disney Productions' All Cartoon FeatureRobin Hood".Official Bulletin of IATSE.pp.24–26.
  5. ^abcGrant 1998,p. 290.
  6. ^Harty, Kevin (2012)."Walt in Sherwood, or the Sheriff of Disneyland: Disney and the film legend of Robin Hood.".In Push, Tison; Aronstein, Susan (eds.).The Disney Middle Ages: A Fairy-Tale and Fantasy Past.The New Middle Ages (2012 ed.).Palgrave Macmillan.ISBN978-0230340077.[permanent dead link‍]
  7. ^Solomon, Charles (1995).The Disney That Never Was: The Stories and Art of Five Decades of Unproduced Animation.Hyperion Books.p. 81.ISBN978-0-786-86037-1.
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  9. ^Ghez 2019,p. 46.
  10. ^abSimpson, Wade (May 27, 2009)."Taking Another Look at Robin Hood".Mouse Planet.RetrievedAugust 11,2016.
  11. ^Ghez 2010,p. 130.
  12. ^abcHill, Jim (March 17, 2005)."Why For?".Jim Hill Media.RetrievedAugust 11,2016.
  13. ^Allan, Robin (1999).Walt Disney and Europe: European Influence on the Animated Feature Films of Walt Disney.Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 253.ISBN0-253-21353-3.
  14. ^Thomas, Frank; Johnston, Ollie (1981).Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life.Abbeville Press. p. 344.ISBN978-0786860708.
  15. ^Koenig 1997,pp. 149–50.
  16. ^Maltin, Leonard(1987).Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons.New American Library. p. 76.ISBN0-452-25993-2.
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  19. ^Carney, Fox (November 9, 2018)."Must See Robin Hood Artwork for Disney's ARL".D23.RetrievedJanuary 22,2020.
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  29. ^Crist, Judith (November 12, 1973)."Calling the Blind Man's Bluff".New York.Vol. 6, no. 46. pp.90–1.ISSN0028-7369– viaGoogle Books.
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  38. ^Acuna, Kirsten (May 15, 2015)."How Disney reuses the same footage in different films".Business Insider.RetrievedOctober 11,2018.
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  44. ^Spain, Tom (May 9, 1991)."Robin Hood's Classic Debut".The Washington Post.RetrievedJuly 6,2017.
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  48. ^"Dove Cameron, Sofia Carson, Jordan Fisher, Auli'i Cravalho, and Oscar®-Winning Composer Michael Giacchino to Meet Fans at the Disney Music Emporium During D23 Expo 2017, July 14–16"(Press release).PR Newswire.Burbank, California. May 23, 2017.RetrievedAugust 22,2017.
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  55. ^Sollosi, Mary."256385#256385 Best Robin Hood movies: Ranking 11 adaptations big-screen Robin Hoods, ranked".Entertainment Weekly.
  56. ^Schlosser, Kurt (February 13, 2023)."Amazon's Super Bowl ad starring a dog ranks highest among tech commercials".GeekWire.
  57. ^"The best Super Bowl commercials of 2023, according to viewers".Boston.February 13, 2023.RetrievedFebruary 13,2023.
  58. ^"Amazon Throws a Dog a Bone in Super Bowl Ad]".Adweek.February 13, 2023.
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  61. ^Android: Friends Furever– via YouTube.
  62. ^"Update 57: Robin Hood | Livestream".YouTube.March 4, 2022.
  63. ^Kit, Borys (April 10, 2020)."'Robin Hood' Remake in the Works at Disney+ With 'Blindspotting' Director (Exclusive) ".The Hollywood Reporter.RetrievedApril 10,2020.

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