Rustis amultiplayersurvivalvideo game developed byFacepunch Studios.It was first released inearly accessin December 2013 and received its full release in February 2018.Rustis available onWindowsandmacOS.Console versions forPlayStation 4andXbox Onedeveloped in conjunction withDouble Elevenwere released in May 2021.Rustwas initially created as acloneofDayZ,a popularmodforARMA 2,withcraftingelements akin to those inMinecraft.
Rust | |
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Developer(s) | |
Publisher(s) | Facepunch Studios |
Engine | Unity |
Platform(s) | |
Release |
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Genre(s) | Survival |
Mode(s) | Multiplayer |
The objective ofRustis to survive in the wilderness using gathered or stolen materials. Players must successfully manage their hunger, thirst, and health, or risk dying. Despite the presence of hostile animals such asbearsandwolves,the primary threat to the player is other players due to the game being solely multiplayer. Combat is accomplished throughfirearmsand various weapons, such asbows.In addition, vehicles controlled bynon-player characterswill occasionally roam, attacking armed players.Rustfeatures crafting, though initially limited until the discovery of specific items in the game'sopen world.To stay protected, players must buildbasesor joinclansto improve their chance of survival.Raidingis a major aspect ofRust.Rustsupportsmoddedservers which can add additional content.
Rustwas first released in December 2013 to theSteam Early Accessprogram. During this period of development, the gameplay was changed significantly. Dangerous wildlife replaced zombies as the primary environmental threat and several fundamental revisions to the crafting system were released, along with general improvements and feature additions. While in Early Access,Rustwas ported to theUnity 5game engine,providing substantial graphical changes. The game also introduced immutable, predeterminedskin colourandbiological sextied to players'Steamaccount details. Despite being fully released, the game continues to receive updates.
ThroughoutRust's Alpha release, critical reviews were mixed, with many comparisons made to other survival games.Rustwas commonly explained as being a mixture ofDayZandMinecraft.During this period, reviewers frequently noted the game's unfinished nature. During its pre-release phase, critics praised the concept and gameplay and by March 2017,Rusthad sold over five million copies. After leaving Early Access, it received mixed reviews from critics. Theplayer vs playercombat and survival aspects were highlighted by those who enjoyed the game, though reviewers were critical of the harsh beginner experience and the constant need togrindfor materials. The game has continued to be successful post-release and has been listed as one of the best survival games.
Gameplay
As amultiplayer-only video game,[1]Rustpits players against each other in a harsh,open worldenvironment with the sole goal of survival. Animals, such as wolves and bears, act as a looming threat, but the primary danger comes from other players.[1]Most maps areprocedurally generated,[2]with the exception of some pre-built maps.[3]When beginning, a player only has a rock and a torch. The rock can cut down trees, break apart stones, and be used as a weapon. Cloth and food can be gathered by killing animals; mining provides stone, metal ore, and sulfur ore; and chopping down trees provides wood.[4]To survive in the world, the player must gather resources and use them to craft tools, weapons, and other gear.[5][6]Tocraftitems, the player must have a sufficient amount of all required materials,[7]with advanced items needing more obscure components scattered around the map.[8]There are limitations imposed on the amount of craftable items, with blueprints allowing the creation of more advanced items.[7]
The player must stay fed or they will die ofstarvation.There are other challenges the player must overcome during gameplay, such as drowning, hypothermia, and wildlife attacks—primarily bears and wolves.[9]Specific locales around the map are radioactive, with four levels of radiation: minor, low, medium, and high. The correct armour or clothing must be worn to enter these areas; failure to do so can result in death.[10]Upon death, a screen with an option to respawn at a random location or at a sleeping bag or bed (placed prior to death) appears. Respawning resets the player's inventory to the basic rock and torch.Rustis sometimes played in a "clan".Clans usually create housing for their members, give items and supplies to each other and partake in organisedraidingandlooting.[11][12][13]Player vs player(PvP) combat is accomplished withbows,melee weapons and craftable guns.[14]Bullets and other projectiles travel in aballistictrajectory, rather than beinghitscan.[3][15]There are a number of different types of bullet for each gun, including highvelocityand explosive,[16]thus allowing for more diverse strategy.[17]Hit tracking calculates damage;[3]shots to the head are more damaging than shots to other parts of the body.[18][19]The use of weapon attachments, such asholographic sights,provide an advantage over opponents.[20]
There are player-operable vehicles inRust.Boats are used to traverse long distances across water and reach valuable loot.[21]Some airborne vehicles, such ashot air balloons,can also be used to explore the map quickly. Spawning randomly, they can be used once fueled. These player-controlled vehicles, and unlike the offensive AI entities, can be destroyed bysurface-to-air missilesthat players can position outside bases.[22][23]Similarly, the player can transport themselves and others using modular vehicles found while exploring. Vehiclechassisare situated on roadsides and must be sufficiently repaired and fitted with an engine before use.[24]
Airdropsare an important element inRust.[13]These are parachute-equipped pallets of supplies delivered by aprop plane.They can be seen over extremely long distances, sometimes resulting in players running toward the airdrop.[19]There are also other entities that drop advanced loot, including anattack helicopter[17]and theCH-47 Chinook.Both of these travel randomly around the map and attempt to kill players. The Chinook additionally travels to a randomly picked monument—automatically generated structures guarded by violentNPCs[25]—found in the game world and drops a locked supply crate that opens after a length of time, inviting PvP interactions.[26]Compounds are safezones that provide players with a place to trade resources, overlooked by automated high-damageauto turretsthat fire on anyone who draws a weapon, discouraging betrayal. Additionally, these treacherous players will be marked as hostile to NPCs for a predetermined amount of time.[27]
Development
Rust's development began as a clone ofDayZ,[28]a popular survival mod forARMA 2,featuring elements derived fromMinecraft.[29]Garry Newman, the CEO of Facepunch Studios, said "Ruststarted off as aDayZclone. But then we decided that we are sick of fighting zombies. And can't compete with theArmaisland in terms of landmarks and towns. "[28]Consequently, Newman described the game as being more along the lines of entries in theS.T.A.L.K.E.Rseries.[28]Facepunch released the game onto the SteamEarly Accessprogram on 11 December 2013.[30]Following its Alpha launch, Facepunch actively released updates forRustadding mechanics like animals,hunting,armour and weapons. In February 2014, the developers removed zombies, a temporary enemy, fromRust,replacing them with red mutant bears and wolves.[31]Early on developers made the choice not to try to populate the world with interesting locations to explore, but rather provide the ability to create them. Newman described it as "we give them the tools, they make the world".[32]One of the developers' aims was to create a world which does not encourage any particular kind of behaviour from players. They considered implementing a system likeDayZ's where those who kill other players get unique outfits which identify them as 'bandits', or possibly a rating or colour-coded system. However, the developers ultimately rejected these ideas, believing they would detract from player freedom.[28]Instead, they found to their surprise that the implementation of voice chat had a noticeable effect on player behaviour. With the ability to communicate, many players would no longer kill each other on sight out of fear.[32]
In late 2014, developers released an experimental mode ofRustandportedit to a then-unreleasedgame engine,Unity 5,enhancing the graphics, and in turn, improving theshadermechanics and texture realism,[33]as well as allowed for largerprocedurally generatedworlds.[2]The experimental mode featured a newanti-cheatsystem called CheatPunch, which banned thousands of players within a few days.[34]In October 2014, the experimental mode became the default launch option.[35]Shortly after, in December,EasyAntiCheat,a third-party anti-cheat system, replaced CheatPunch.[36]In early 2015,Rustadded a feature that decided each player'sskin colourbased on theirSteamID.[37]
In the original game, theheads-up displayfeatured statistics like ashealth,hunger andradiationlevel.[9]These were later modified and hidden statistics such ashypothermiawere added. Monuments went through a phase where developers removed the radiation hazards because of the annoyance it was causing.[38][39]Female models, added to the game shortly afterward, were initially only available forserver administratorsto test.[40]Upon rollout, akin to skin colour, players were automatically assigned abiological sexpermanently linked to their Steam account.[41]Later in 2015,virtual goodsstores selling guns, clothing and other objects were added to the game. WhenValveintroduced its Item Store,Rustwas the first game on Steam to use the feature.[42]TheSteam Community Marketwas also allowed to sell similar items.[43][44]
Developers removedblueprints,one of the core gameplay concepts ofRust,in July 2016. They replaced them with anexperiencesystem where players could level up after completing tasks, such as gathering wood.[45][46]In September, Maurino Berry, the lead developer, mentioned in aRedditpost that the experience system was not permanent and Berry explained that the XP system was praised prior to its release, but then received a lot of criticism.[47]In early November 2016, components replaced the experience system.[8]Originally, players had an initial list of items they could craft. This was changed to having a complete list with the required components from the outset.[8]Eventually, blueprints were reintroduced.[48]Radiation, removed in 2015, was reintroduced in November 2016 after being "reprogrammed from the ground up".[10]Instead of each location having the same level of radiation, developers added different levels ranging from low, to medium, and high.[10]
In early 2017, Garry Newman said that had Steam Early Access not existed,Rustwould have been fully released as a game by then. The development team would have continued to release updates.[49]In June 2017, developers altered the game's gun mechanics to be more like "traditional first-person shooters".[49]This was achieved by reducing recoil, material costs, and improving overall accuracy.[3]This update also saw the beginnings of an overhaul of Hapis Island, the game's only non-procedurally generatedmap.[3]The game left Early Access and was officially released on 8 February 2018,[50]This update came with graphical updates and gun modifications.[51]Newman mentioned that despite the official release, regular updates would continue. He noted the update cycle would change from weekly to monthly so as not to "rush in features and fixes that end up breaking something else".[50]
Post-release
SinceRust's official release in 2018, Facepunch have continued to support the game with updates, including the introduction of new weapons,[52]vehicles, NPC-populated locations,[53]explorable areas,[54]and graphical overhauls.[51]Optional paiddownloadable contenthas also been released. The first, the "Instruments Pack", which was released in December 2019, saw the addition of new instruments,[55]and the second, the "Sunburn Pack", released in July 2020, added swimming pool equipment.[56]In February 2021,Rustintroduced a "softcore" mode.[57]This mode was introduced after the game saw a surge in popularity as a result of various popularvideo game live streamersbroadcasting the game to large audiences. Softcore mode lowered the difficulty of the game through the addition of various features that limited player loss and disadvantage, such as limiting the size of clans.[57]A third DLC, the "Voice Props Pack", was made available in July 2021 which included audio-related devices, such asboomboxesandcassette recorders.[58]
Console versions ofRustwere first announced in 2019 by Facepunch andDouble ElevenatX019,Microsoft's Xbox announcement event.[59]The game was set for release in 2020, but in December 2020, the release date was pushed back to 2021 with Double Eleven citing theCOVID-19 pandemicas having impeded development.[60]In early March 2021,Rust's console edition entered a closed beta that players could participate in.[61]However, no specific release date was given until later in March, when it was announced that the game would be released forPlayStation 4andXbox Oneon 21 May 2021.[62]The developers noted that the release of a console version would not affect PC updates, and that the new version would be a "separate experience with its own roadmap and community".[62]
Reception
In early access
Rustreceived mixed reviews following its Alpha release, with many denoting the unfinished nature and lack of polish.[63][64]PC Gamer's Andy Chalk saidRustwas a great use of Early Access and even though "it's far from finished", it was ready to be played.[65]GameSpot's Shaun McInnis said the early 2014 version was "rough around the edges" and "littered with bugs", but it entertained and had potential.[64]Matthew Cox ofRock, Paper, Shotgunsaid it was smart of the developers to switch to theUnity enginein late 2014 due to the game's instability. In Cox's review, he noted many glitches in the late 2014 version, including unresponsive animals,framerateissues and unstable servers.[2]IGN's Mitch Dyer did not enjoy the combat, callingRusta "semi-broken" game he felt unable to recommend.[66]However, he complimented the experience as experience "utterly unforgettable" and often unpredictable.[66]
Other games likeJust SurviveandArk: Survival Evolvedwere compared toRustbecause of their open world survival aspects, as well as having similar crafting mechanics. Parallels were also drawn withDayZbecause of the influence it had on the gameplay ofRust.[67][68]Notably,Kotaku's Luke Plunkett considered the similarities, saying it felt as though someone had intended to create a game wherebyDayzandMinecraftcould be played simultaneously.[69]
The inability to choose and design a player's character was both commended and criticised. TheYouTubechannelExtra CreditscommendedRustfor promoting diversity by randomly selecting a player's in-game race. Tying race to their Steam ID forced players to experience the game in a different way than they might normally experience it, perhaps promotingempathyfor someone of a different ethnicity.[70]David Craddock ofShacknewscriticised the lack of communication between Facepunch and the community when they added female models.[71]In response to this criticism, Garry Newman commented he felt some trepidation about adding the racial feature, fearing it might be seen as the original character model "blacked up".He stressed the chosen ethnicity was permanent—" just like in real life, you are who you are ".[72]Newman discussed the reasoning behind not providing the option to choose their character's gender and race in an article inThe Guardian,sayingRustis about survival, not characterization and identity. "We wanted the appearance of the players to be consistent over time. They should be recognisable consistently and long-term."[73]Sales reportedly increased by 74% shortly after the addition of female models.[74][75]
Full release
Aggregator | Score |
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Metacritic | PC: 69/100[76] PS4: 66/100[77] XONE: 64/100[78] |
Publication | Score |
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Destructoid | 8/10[79] |
Game Informer | 6.5/10[80] |
GameSpot | 3/10[81] |
GameStar | 69/100[82] |
IGN | 7/10[7] |
PC Gamer(US) | 80/100[11] |
After being fully released,Rustgarnered "mixed or average" reviews onreview aggregatorwebsiteMetacritic.[76]Critics praised the PvP combat, difficulty, and survival aspects, while grinding and the experience had by new players came under some criticism.[82][83][11]
Many critics held the opinion that while starting anew was frustrating, the combat was rewarding. For instance, Luke Winkie ofPC Gamersummarised the game saying, "Wake up naked, run for your life, do horrible things to one another. There is no grander narrative, ormythos,or win condition. "[11]He described the beginner experience as "quite prickly" but continued on to praise the combat, joking that "connecting [a] hatchet with an idiot's head feels great". Gloria Manderfeld, a writer for the German magazineGameStar,echoed these opinions, adding there was little end-game besides PvP. However, she opined the PvP itself was effective.[82]Ray Porreca ofDestructoiddescribed the combat as the "meat" of the game. However, he wrote that the experience would vary depending on their desire to fight. "If you can look past a community that tends to betoxic,Rust's sprawling plains and toppled landmarks are an excellent backdrop for player-driven storytelling and pitched, dramatic moments. "[79]In a negative reviewGameSpot's Alessandro Barbosa said the whole experience felt unfulfilling. He described the game as lacking certain creative features, like the ability to easily redesign bases.[81]
The disdain toward the experience as a new player was noted in conjunction with the necessity of grinding, and how repetitive that became.IGN's review described the game as expecting the player to spend all their gaming time on it, fearing that failing to do so will result in being raided and needing to begin again.[7]Game Informer's Javy Gwaltney reiterated this, explaining it felt demotivating when they died solely because they came in contact with someone more experienced.[80]Agreeing with Manderfeld's description,[82]in an updated review Cox said his patience wore thin after a while. He said that while maintaininghealth barsmay have once been enjoyable, he balked at the prospect in 2018.[83]
Nonetheless, some critics praised the game's difficulty, mentioning the satisfaction they felt after managing to survive successfully. Porreca recommended the game to those willing to dedicate time, saying the game offers "a social sandbox and a deep, functioning crafting system".[79]Winkie expressed interest in the necessity of managing hunger, thirst, and health while learning more and discovering better items. He also expressed a sense of appreciation for those dedicated to the game, mentioning the YouTube videos of large, multi-clan raids. He closed the review saying everyone should tryRustdue to its difference from other games.[11]Cox agreed noting the game's brutality only added to the gratification a player felt when they managed to eventually succeed.[83]
The reception toward the graphics were mixed. Critics praised the environment, but denounced the animations and character models.[80]Barbosa described the animations as "stiff and unnatural" and the models "ugly and dull".[81]Additionally,Rust's usage of sound was commended by Gwaltney, who regarded it as compelling due to the requirement of players to listen to their surroundings to survive.[80]
SinceRust's release, it has been included in several "best survival game" lists by video game journalists.[84][85][86]
Sales and player count
Within the first two weeks ofRust's Alpha release it sold over 150,000 copies,[87]compared to the 34,000 copies ofGarry's Modsold in its first week.[88]Rust's sales had reached one million copies after being an Early Access title for only two months,[30]and during February 2014, it overtookGarry's Modin terms of sales, making overUS$30 million.[89]By the end of 2015, three million copies had been sold.[90]By March 2017, the game had sold more than 5.2 million units, with more than 1.2 million in-game skins sold.[91]In December 2019, Facepunch announced thatRusthad sold 9 million copies, making $142 million, overtakingGarry's Modin terms ofgross,though still behind in total sales.[92]
In January 2021,Rustsaw a surge in popularity because of live streamers playing the game onTwitch.tvfor large audiences. The game rose to the top of Twitch's charts, peaking at over one million concurrent live viewers on 3 January. The group primarily responsible for the high viewer counts wasOfflineTV.[93]This reinvigorated interest in the game enabledRustto also beat its highest concurrent player count by more than double. Additionally, Newman reported that the game had generated $1 million in sales over two days during this period.[94]At the end of 2021, Facepunch announced the game had reached almost 12.5 million sales. They also noted that the Voice Props Pack had been the most successful of the three DLC released at the time.[95]
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