Ryū(school)

Ryū(Lưu,mainly used as a suffix, meaning style, type, form, manner, system, school,used here in the sense ofryūha(Lưu phái,a school or a school of thought))is the Japanese term referring to aschoolin any discipline.Thekanjiitself is commonly used as a suffix.

In English, the word is frequently used to refer to schools ofJapanesemartial art,although it can also be found used in other disciplines (for example Nihon-koryūandSōgetsu-ryūinikebana,Kantei-ryū incalligraphy,etc.).

In the martial arts

Japanese martial arts are often classified and codified intoryūha.Usually a given style will have its own curriculum, ranks and licensure system. These may be based on the parent style or a combination of sources that form the background of the system.

The name of a style may have particular meaning or may simply be a location.Toyama-ryūis named for theToyamaMilitary Academy in Japan. In contrast,Gōjū-ryūis the 'hard-soft' style, which indicates both characteristic techniques and thematic elements that form a 'signature' of the style. Sometimes this is merged or confused with the name of thedojo(as is the case withShōtōkan-ryū karate).

High-level practitioners of an established style may splinter off and form their own derivative styles based on their own experience or interpretation. Sometimes this is encouraged by the parent style, sometimes it represents an ideological schism between senior members of the style. Sometimes, it is done simply for 'marketing' reasons or to adjust a system to modern times.

There is no universal licensing or ranking system across allryūha.A high-ranking person orblack beltin one style does not necessarily correspond to a high-level understanding in another style or group of styles. There are manyryūhain Japan that have existed for many hundreds of years, as well as many more that were created in modern times. The concept of organizing a codified system is obviously not a Japanese or outwardly Asian one, though many international or foreign styles may adopt the nomenclature and systemization ofkoryūbujutsuryūhain order to add an air of mystique or legitimacy to their system, or simply as a way to show respect to their roots and background.

Further reading

• The Compact Nelson Japanese-English Character Dictionary,Charles E. Tuttle Publishing Co., Inc.ISBN0-8048-2037-6
• Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary,Kenkyusha Limited, Tokyo 1991,ISBN4-7674-2015-6

External links

• Article about Koryu - North American Bugei Societyat theWayback Machine(archived July 8, 2011)
• "What is a 'Ryu'?" by Wayne Muromoto