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STMicroelectronicsNV(commonly referred to asSTorSTMicro) is a Europeanmultinationalsemiconductorcontract manufacturing and design company. It is the largest of such companies inEurope.It was founded in 1987 from the merger of two state-owned semiconductor corporations:Thomson SemiconducteursofFranceandSGS MicroelettronicaofItaly.The company is incorporated inthe Netherlandsand headquartered inPlan-les-Ouates,Switzerland.Its shares are traded onEuronext Paris,theBorsa Italianaand theNew York Stock Exchange.[2]
Company type | Naamloze vennootschap(NV) |
---|---|
Euronext Paris:STMPA
NYSE:STM BIT:STMMI CAC 40component FTSE MIBcomponent | |
ISIN | NL0000226223 |
Industry | Semiconductors |
Predecessor | SGS Microelettronica Thomson Semiconductors |
Founded | 1987 |
Headquarters | Plan-les-Ouates,Geneva,Switzerland |
Key people | Jean-Marc Chery (President andCEO) Nicolas Dufourcq (Chairman) |
Products | ASICs,memory(includingEEPROM),microcontrollers,microprocessors,transistors,smartcards |
Revenue | US$17.24 billion(2023) |
US$4.611 billion (2023) | |
US$4.222 billion (2023) | |
Total assets | US$24.45 billion (2023) |
Total equity | US$16.85 billion (2023) |
Number of employees | 51,323 (2023) |
Website | st |
Footnotes / references [1] |
History
editST was formed in 1987 by the merger of two government-owned semiconductor companies: ItalianSGS Microelettronica(where SGS stands forSocietà Generale Semiconduttori,"General Semiconductor Company" ), and FrenchThomson Semiconducteurs,the semiconductor arm ofThomson.
SGS Microelettronica originated in 1972 from a previous merger of two companies:
- ATES (Aquila Tubi e Semiconduttori), a vacuum tube and semiconductor maker headquartered inL'Aquila,the regional capital of the region ofAbruzzoinSouthern Italy,which in 1961 changed its name to Azienda Tecnica ed Elettronica del Sud and relocated its manufacturing plant in the Industrial Zone ofCatania,inSicily;
- Società Generale Semiconduttori(founded in 1957 by Jewish-Italian engineer, politician, andindustrialistAdriano Olivetti).
Thomson Semiconducteurs was created in 1982 by the French government's widespread nationalization of industries following theelection of François Mitterrand to the presidency.It included:
- the semiconductor activities of the French electronics companyThomson;
- in 1985 it boughtMostek,a US company founded in 1969 as a spin-off ofTexas Instruments,fromUnited Technologies;
- Silec, founded in 1977;
- Eurotechnique, founded in 1979 inRousset, Bouches-du-Rhôneas ajoint-venturebetweenSaint-Gobainof France and US-basedNational Semiconductor;
- EFCIS (Étude et la Fabrication de Circuits Intégrés Spéciaux), founded in 1972 atCEA-Leti;
- SESCOSEM, founded in 1969.
At the time of the merger of these two companies in 1987, the new corporation was named SGS-THOMSON and was led by chief executive officer Pasquale Pistorio.[3]The company took its current name of STMicroelectronics in May 1998 following Thomson's sale of its shares. After its creation ST was ranked 14th among the top 20 semiconductor suppliers with sales of around US$850 million. The company has participated in the consolidation of the semiconductor industry since its formation, with acquisitions including:
- In 1989, British companyInmosknown for itstransputermicroprocessorsfrom parentThorn EMI;
- In 1994, Canada-basedNortel's semiconductor activities;
- In 1999, UK-based VLSI-Vision CMOS Image Sensor research & development company, a spin-out of Edinburgh University. Incorporated on 1 January 2000, the company became STMicroelectronics Imaging Division, currently part of the Analog MEMS and Sensors business group;
- In 2000, WaferScale Integration Inc. (WSI,Fremont, California), a vendor of EPROM and flash memory-based programmable system-chips;[4]
- In 2002, Alcatel's Microelectronics division, which along with the incorporation of smaller ventures such as UK company, Synad Ltd, helped the company expand into the Wireless-LAN market;
- In 2007, US-basedGenesis Microchip.[5]Genesis Microchip is known for their strength in video processing technology (Faroudja) and has design centres located inSanta Clara, California,Toronto,Taipei CityandBangalore.
On 8 December 1994, the company completed its initial public offering on theParisandNew Yorkstock exchanges. Owner Thomson SA sold its stake in the company in 1998 when the company also listed on theItalian BourseinMilan.In 2002,MotorolaandTSMCjoined ST andPhilipsin a new technology partnership. The Crolles 2 Alliance was created with a new 12 "wafermanufacturing facility located inCrolles,France. In 2005, chief executive officer Pasquale Pistorio was succeeded by Carlo Bozotti, who then headed the memory products division and had been with the company’s predecessor since 1977.[3]By 2005, ST was ranked fifth, behindIntel,Samsung,Texas Instruments andToshiba,but ahead ofInfineon,Renesas,NEC,NXP SemiconductorsandFreescale.The company was the largest European semiconductors supplier, ahead of Infineon and NXP.
Early in 2007, NXP Semiconductors (formerly Philips Semiconductors) and Freescale (formerly Motorola Semiconductors) decided to stop their participation in Crolles 2 Alliance. Under the terms of the agreement the Alliance came to an end on December 31, 2007.[6]On May 22, 2007, ST and Intel created a joint venture in the memory application calledNumonyx:this new company merged ST and Intel Flash Memory activities. Semiconductor market consolidation continued with ST and NXP announcing on April 10, 2008, the creation of a new joint venture of their mobile activities, with ST owning 80% of the new company and NXP 20%. This joint venture began on August 20, 2008. On February 10, 2009,ST Ericsson,a joint venture bringing together ST-NXP Wireless and Ericsson Mobile Platforms, was established.[7]
ST Ericsson was a multinational manufacturer ofwirelessproducts andsemiconductors,supplying to mobile device manufacturers.[8]ST-Ericsson was a 50/50 joint venture of STMicroelectronics andEricssonestablished on February 3, 2009, and dissolved on August 2, 2013. Headquartered inGeneva,Switzerland, it was afabless company,outsourcingsemiconductor manufacturingto foundry companies.
In 2011, ST announced the creation of a joint lab withSant'Anna School of Advanced Studies.The lab focuses on research and innovation inbiorobotics,smart systems and microelectronics.[9]Past collaborations with Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies included DustBot, a platform that integrated self-navigating "service robots" for waste collection.[9]
In 2018, chief executive Carlo Bozotti was succeeded by Jean-Marc Chery.[10]In 2023, STMicroelectronics partnered withSynopsysto design a working chip on Microsoft Corp’s cloud, marking the first time AI software had been utilized for chip design.[11]
In 2024, ST became the sixthshareholderofQuintauris,ajoint companywith the goal of standardizingRISC-Vecosystem.[12]
Shareholders
editAs of December 31, 2014, the shareholders were:[13]
- 68.4% public (New York Stock Exchange,Euronext Paris,Borsa Italiana Milano);
- 4.1%treasury shares;
- 27.6% STMicroelectronics Holding B.V.:
- 50% FT1CI (Bpifrance79.2% andFrench Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission(CEA) 20.8%; previouslyArevaand CEA[citation needed]);
- 50%Ministry of Economy and Financeof Italy(Finmeccanicauntil 2004,Cassa Depositi e Prestitiuntil 2010, both between 2004-2009)[citation needed].
Manufacturing facilities
editUnlikefabless semiconductor companies,STMicroelectronics owns and operates its own semiconductorwaferfabs.The company owned five 5-inch (200 mm) wafer fabs and 1 12-inch (300 mm) wafer fab in 2006.[citation needed]Most of the production is scaled at 0.18 μm, 0.13 μm, 90 nm and 65 nm (measurements of transistor gate length). STMicroelectronics also owns back-end plants, where silicon dies are assembled and bonded into plastic or ceramic packages.[14]
Major sites include:[citation needed]
Grenoble, France
editGrenobleis one of the company's most important R&D centres, employing around 4,000 staff. The Polygone site employs 2,200 staff and is one of the historical bases of the company (ex SGS). All the historical waferfablines are now closed but the site hosts the headquarters of many divisions (marketing, design, industrialization) and a R&D centre, focused on silicon and software design and fab process development.[15]
TheCrollessite hosts a 200 mm (8 in) and a 300 mm (12 in) fab and was originally built as a common R&D centre for submicrometre technologies as part of the 1990Grenoble 92partnership between SGS-Thomson andCNET,the R&D center of French telecom companyFrance Telecom.[16]
The 300 mm (12 in) fab was inaugurated by French presidentJacques Chirac,on 27 February 2003. It includes an R&D centre which focuses on developing new nanometric technology processes for 90-nm to 32-nm scale using 300 mm (12 in) wafers and it was developed forThe Crolles 2 Alliance.This alliance of STMicroelectronics,TSMC,NXP Semiconductors(formerlyPhilipssemiconductor) andFreescale(formerlyMotorolasemiconductor) partnered in 2002 to develop the facility and to work together on process development.[17]The technologies developed at the facility were also used by global semiconductorfoundryTSMCof Taiwan, allowing TSMC to build the products developed in Crolles on behalf of the Alliance partners who required such foundry capacity.
Rousset, France
editEmploying around 3,000 staff,Roussethosts several division headquarters includingsmartcards,microcontrollers,andEEPROMas well as several R&D centers. Rousset also hosts an 8-inch (200-mm) fab, which was opened on May 15, 2000 by French prime ministerLionel Jospin.[18][19]
The site opened in 1979 as a 100 mm (3.9 in)faboperated by Eurotechnique, a joint venture betweenSaint-Gobainof France andNational Semiconductorof the US. Rousset was sold to Thomson-CSF in 1982 as part of the French government's 1981–82 nationalization of several industries. As part of the nationalisation, a former Thomson plant in the center ofAix-en-Provenceoperating since the 1960s was closed and staff were transferred to the new Rousset site. The original 100 mm (4 in)fabwas upgraded into 130 mm (5 in) and later 150 mm (6 in) fab in 1996. It is now being shut down. The site also has a "Wafer Level Chip Scale Packaging" accreditation for eSIM ICs.[20]
In 1988, a small group of employees from the Thomson Rousset plant (including the director, Marc Lassus) founded a start-up company,Gemalto(formerly known asGemplus), which became a leader in the smartcard industry.
Tours, France
editEmploying 1,500 staff, this site hosts afaband R&D centres.[21]
Milan, Italy
editEmploying 6,000 staff, the Milan facilities match Grenoble in importance.Agrate Brianzaemploys around 4,000 staff and is a historical base of the company (ex SGS). The site has severalfablines (including a 300 mm (12 in) fab) and an R&D center.[22]Castelletto,employs 300 to 400 staff and hosts some divisions and R&D centres.
Catania, Italy
editTheCataniaplant inSicilyemploys 5,000 staff and hosts severalR&D centersand divisions, focusing onflash memorytechnologies as well as twofabs.The plant was launched in 1961 by ATES to supply under licensing toRCAof the US and initially usinggermanium.The site's two major wafer fabs are a 200 mm (8 in) fab, opened in April 1997 by then-Italian Prime MinisterRomano Prodi,and a 300 mm (12 in) fab that has never been completed and which was transferred in its current state to "Numonyx" in 2008. A new manufacturing facility for silicon carbide (SiC) substrates of 150 mm should open here in 2023.[23]
In October 2022, the EU supported STMicroelectronics for the construction of a silicon carbide wafer plant in Catania with €293 million through the Recovery and Resilience Facility to be completed in 2026, and in line with theEuropean Chips Act.[24]
Caserta, Italy
editSTmicro eSIM and SIM production facility for embedded form factor eSIM.[25]
Kirkop, Malta
editAs of 2010, ST employed around 1,800 people inKirkop,making it the largestprivate sectoremployer,and the country's leadingexporter.[26]
Singapore
editIn 1970, SGS created its first assembly back-end[clarification needed]plant in Singapore, in the area ofToa Payoh.Then in 1981, SGS decided to build a wafer fabin Singapore. Converted up to 200 mm (8 in) fab, this is now an important 200 mm (8 in) wafer fab of the group. Ang Mo Kio also hosts some design centres.[27]As of 2004, the site employed 6,000 staff.[28]
Tunis, Tunisia
editApplication, design and support. about 110 employees.
Bouskoura, Morocco
editFounded in 1979 as a radiofrequency products facility, the Bouskoura site now hosts back-end manufacturing activity, which includes chip testing and packaging.[29]Since 2022 it also features a production line for silicon carbide products that primarily will be used in electric vehicles.[30]
Norrköping, Sweden
editThe Norrköping plant is a wafer fab that, at the start of production in 2021, was the first to produce 200mm (8 in) Silicone Carbide wafers. The wafers are mostly used for SiC power devices.[31]
Other sites
editAdministrative headquarters
edit- Geneva,Switzerland: Corporate headquarter which hosts most of the ST top management. It totals some hundred of employees.
- Saint-Genis-Pouilly,France, near Geneva: A few hundred of employees. Headquarters for logistics.
- Paris:Marketing and support.
Regional headquarters
edit- Coppell, Texas:US headquarters.
- Singapore:Headquarters for the Asia-Pacific region.
- Tokyo:Headquarters for Japan and Korea operations.
- Shanghai:Headquarters forChinaoperations.[32]
Assembly plants
edit- Malta:In 1981, SGS-Thomson (now STMicroelectronics) built its first assembly plant in Malta. STMicroelectronics is, as of 2008, the largest private employer on the island, employing around 1,800 people.
- Muar,Malaysia:around 4000 employees. This site was built in 1974 by Thomson and is now an assembly plant.
- Shenzhen,Guangdong province, China: In 1994, ST and the Shenzhen Electronics Group signed a partnership to construct and jointly operate an assembly plant (ST has majority with 60%). The plant is located inFutian Free Trade Zoneand became operational in 1996. It has around 3,300 employees. A new assembly plant is built in Longgang since 2008, and closed up till 2014. The R&D, design, sales and marketing office is located in the Hi-tech industrial park inNanshan, Shenzhen.
- Calambain the province ofLaguna,Philippines: In 2008, ST acquired this plant fromNXP Semiconductors.Initially as part of joint venture with NXP but later acquired the whole share turning it into a full-fledged STMicroelectronics Assembly and Testing plant. Currently it employs 2,000 employees.
Design centres
edit- Cairo,Egypt:Hardware and software design center, started in 2020, with 50 employees.
- Rabat,Morocco:A design center that employs 160 people.
- Naples,Italy: A design center employing 300 people.
- Lecce,Italy: HW & SW Design Center which hosts 20 researchers in the Advanced System Technology group.
- Ang Mo Kio,Singapore:In 1970, SGS created its first assembly back-end plant in Singapore, in the area of Toa Payoh. Then in 1981, SGS decided to build a wafer fab in Singapore. The Singapore technical engineers have been trained in Italy and the fab of Ang Mo Kio started to produce its first wafers in 1984. Converted up to 8 inch (200 mm) fab, this is now an important 8 inch (200 mm) wafer fab of the ST group.
- Greater Noida,India: The Noida site was launched in 1992 to conduct software engineering activities. A silicon design centre was inaugurated in 1995. With 120 employees, it was the largest design center of the company outside Europe at the time. In 2006, the site was shifted toGreater Noidafor further expansion. The site hosts mainly design teams.
- Santa Clara, California,(Silicon Valley), United States: 120 staff in marketing, design and applications.
- La Jolla, California,(San Diego,United States): 80 staff in design and applications.
- Lancaster, Pennsylvania,United States: Application, support, and marketing.
- Prague,Czech Republic: 100 to 200 employees. Application, design and support.
- Tunis,Tunisia:110 employees. Application, design and support.
- Sophia Antipolis,nearNice,France: Design center with a few hundred employees.
- Edinburgh,Scotland: 200 staff focused in the field of imaging and photon detection.
- Ottawa, Ontario,Canada: In 1993, SGS-Thomson purchased the semiconductor activities ofNortelwhich owned in Ottawa an R&D center and a fab. The fab was closed in 2000, however, a design, R&D centre and sales office is operating in the city.
- Toronto, Ontario,Canada: HW & SW Design Center primarily involved with the design of video processor ICs as part of ST's TVM Division.
- Bangalore,India: HW and SW design center employing more than 250 people (Including the employees ofST EricssonandGenesis Microchip).
- Zaventem,Belgium: 100 employees. Design & Application Center.
- Helsinki,Finland: Design Center.
- Turku,Finland: Design Center.
- Oulu,Finland: Design Center.
- Tampere,Finland: Design Center.
- Longmont, ColoradoUnited States: Design Center.
- Graz,Austria: NFC Competence Center.[33]
- Pisa,Italy: A design center employing more than 50 people. R&D, analog and digital design.
Closing sites
editThePhoenix,Arizona8 inch (200 mm) fab, theCarrollton,Texas6 inch (150 mm) fab, and theAin Sebaa,Morocco fab are beginning rampdown plans, and are destined to close by 2010.[34]
TheCasablanca,Morocco site consists of two assembly parts (Bouskoura and Aïn Sebaâ) and totals around 4000 employees. It was opened in the 1960s by Thomson.
TheBristol,United Kingdom site employing well over 300 at its peak (in 2001/2) but was ramped down to approx. 150 employees at close by early 2014.
TheOttawa, Ontario,Canada plant (approx. 450 employees) will close down by 2013 end.[35]
Closed sites
edit- Rennes,France hosted a 6-inch (150 mm) fab and was closed in 2004
- Rancho Bernardo,California,US a 4-inch (100 mm) fab created by Nortel and purchased by SGS-Thomson in 1994, after which it was converted into a 6-inch (150 mm) fab in 1996.
- SGS's first presence in the US was a sales office based inPhoenixin the early 1980s. Later, under SGS-Thomson, an 8-inch (200 mm) fab was completed in Phoenix in 1995. The company's second 8 "fabafter Crolles 1, the site was first dedicated to producing microprocessors forCyrix.On 10 July 2007, ST said that it would close this site, and in July 2010 the shell of the Phoenix PF1 FAB was bought by Western Digital Corporation.[34]
- TheCarrollton,Texas,US site was built in 1969 byMostek,an American company founded by former employees ofTexas Instruments.In 1979, Mostek was acquired byUnited Technologies,which sold it to Thomson Semiconducteurs in 1985. Initially equipped with a 4-inch (100 mm) fab, it was converted into a 6-inch (150 mm)fabin 1988. The activities ofINMOSin the US were transferred to Carrollton in 1989 following its acquisition by SGS Thomson. It was closed in 2010.[34]
- Bristol,UKThis R&D site housedInmos,which in 1978 began development of theTransputermicroprocessor. The site was acquired with Inmos in 1989, and was primarily involved with the design of home video and entertainment products (e.g.Set-Top Box),GPSchips, and accompanying software. At its peak the site employed more than 250 employees. The site closed in 2014.[36]
Future locations
edit- On 8 August 2007, ST boughtNokia'smicrochipdevelopment team and plans to invest heavily in development of cellularASICapplications. The purchase included Nokia's ASIC team inSouthwood (UK)and the company plans several sites in Finland.[37][38][39]
- In June 2023, ST announced its partnership withGlobalFoundriesto build a new factory inCrolles,France.[40]
See also
edit- Altitude SEE Test European Platform (ASTEP)
- Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre(IMEC)
- Numonyx
- ST-Ericsson
- List of semiconductor fabrication plants
- STM8
- STM32
- STMicroelectronics Small Shareholders' Group (STM.S.S.G.)[permanent dead link ]
- (in French)Collectif Autonome et Démocratique de STMicroelectronics (CAD-ST)
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