Wikipedia

Simba

For other uses, seeSimba (disambiguation).

Simbais a fictional character inDisney'sThe Lion Kingfranchise. First appearing as a lion cub inThe Lion King(1994), the character flees his homeland when his father,King Mufasa,ismurderedby his treacherous uncle,Scar,who also guilts Simba into believing he is responsible for Mufasa's death. Several years later, Simba returns home as an adult to reconcile hischildhood trauma,confront Scar, and reclaim hisbirthrightas King of the Pride Lands. He subsequently appears in the sequelsThe Lion King II: Simba's PrideandThe Lion King 1½.

Simba
The Lion Kingcharacter
Simba, as he appears as an adult in the original film and related media
First appearanceThe Lion King(1994)
Created by
Voiced by
Inspired by
In-universe information
SpeciesLion(Panthera leo)
Family
  • Mufasa(father)
  • Sarabi(mother)
  • Sarafina(mother-in-law)
  • Kovu(son-in-law)
  • Rani(daughter-in-law)
  • Scar(paternal uncle)
  • Ahadi(paternal grandfather; inSix New Adventures)
  • Uru(paternal grandmother; inSix New Adventures)
  • Mohatu(paternal great-grandfather; inThe Brightest Star)
  • Bunga(adoptive brother)
SpouseNala(wife)
Children

Created by screenwritersIrene Mecchi,Jonathan Roberts,andLinda Woolverton,Simba underwent several changes as the film's story was revised, including making him a more sympathetic character and establishing hisfamilial relationto Scar. Although conceived as an original character, Simba was inspired byMosesandJosephfrom theBible,as well asPrince HamletfromWilliam Shakespeare'sHamlet.Despite sharing similarities with thetitle characterfrom theanimetelevision seriesKimba the White Lion,Disney maintains that Simba was not inspired by Kimba.Mark HennandRuben A. Aquinowere supervising animators for the cub and adult Simba, respectively, with both animators researching live lions and drawing inspiration from the character's voice actors. Simba was originally voiced by actorsMatthew BroderickandJonathan Taylor Thomasas an adult and cub, respectively; various actors have voiced the character in sequels, spin-offs, and related media.

Simba has received a mixed reception from film critics, some of whom praised his design but found him uninteresting as a main character. However, several publications have ranked Simba among Disney's most iconic characters, and consider him to be one of themost famous lions in popular culture.The character's likeness has been used in severaltie-inproducts, including merchandise, television series, and video games. In 1997,The Lion KingactorsScott Irby-RanniarandJason Raizeoriginated the role onBroadway.In 2019,Donald GloverandJD McCraryvoiced the character in aphotorealistic remakeof the film.

Role

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Simba first appears inThe Lion Kingas a cub, the son ofKing MufasaandQueen Sarabi.[1]As Mufasa's heir, Simba is destined to become the next King of the Pride Lands.[2]However, Simba's jealous uncleScarplots against him in order to seize the throne for himself, betraying and killing Mufasa after he rescues Simba from awildebeeststampede, and then deceiving Simba into believing he is responsible for Mufasa's death.[3]Crippled with guilt, Simba flees to the jungle where he befriendsTimon and Pumbaa,ameerkatandwarthogwho raise him and teach him to live the carefree lifestyle,[3][4]but, for some reason, Simba hadn't noticed that he continuously struggles to ignore his past just for close attention.[5]Years later, Simba's childhood friendNalafinds him and convinces him to return to the Pride Lands which has grown barren and starving under Scar's rule.[3]After being visited by Rafiki and Mufasa's spirit who reminds him of his responsibilities, Simba confronts Scar who finally admits to killing Mufasa and defeats him, reclaiming his rightful place as king.[6]With order restored and Scar killed by the hyenas, Simba and Nala have a child, thus ushering in hope for the future of the Pride Lands.[7]

InThe Lion King II: Simba's Pride,Simba and Nala commemorate the birth of their daughter,Kiara,who Simba is overprotective of since she grows up to be adventurous and rebellious like he was as a cub. Simba discovers that Kiara has visited the forbidden Outlands – home to an enemy pride of Scar's exiled followers known as the Outsiders – and befriendedKovu,the younger son of the pride's leader,Zira.Unbeknownst to them, Zira is grooming Kovu to avenge Scar by usurping Simba. Several years later, Kovu rescues Kiara from awildfirestarted by Kovu's siblings, Nuka and Vitani. Simba reluctantly lets Kovu, who claims to have left the Outsiders, live with them, but continues to act coldly towards him. Witnessing Kiara and Kovu's growing friendship, Simba decides to spend a day getting to know Kovu. Realizing that Kovu is beginning to side with Simba due to his feelings for Kiara, Zira ambushes Simba and convinces him that Kovu orchestrated the attack. After narrowly escaping with his life, Simba exiles Kovu and forbids Kiara from seeing him, prompting her to leave. When a battle ensues between the Pride Landers and Outsiders, Kiara and Kovu return to stop them, with Kiara helping Simba and the prides reconcile their differences peacefully. Zira attacks Simba as he is about to accept the Outsiders back into his pride, but he she is intercepted by Kiara, causing the pair of lionesses to tumble over the edge of a cliff. Having landed safely on a ledge, Kiara offers to help Zira, who is struggling to hang on. However, Zira, consumed by resentment, refuses help and falls to her death. Simba finally accepts Kovu into the pride and reconciles with his daughter.[8]

InThe Lion King 1½,Simba appears as a less prominent character because the film's primary focus is on Timon and Pumbaa's behind-the-scenes role and involvement in the events ofThe Lion King.[9][10]Although the two films technically share the same story and timeline, the plot ofThe Lion King 1½focuses more on Timon and Pumbaa. Themeerkatandwarthogunknowingly coexist alongside Simba, and the story fills in the two characters'backstoriesand events that led up to their long-lasting friendship, coinciding with and often initiating the events that affect Simba's life during the first film. These events include the commemorative bow that occurs during the opening "Circle of Life"musical number and the collapsing of the animal tower that takes place during"I Just Can't Wait to Be King".[11]The film also explores, in further detail, the relationship among the three characters as Timon and Pumbaa struggle to raise Simba asadoptive "parents"and disapprove of his relationship with Nala, portraying Simba as he grows from an energetic young lion cub, into an incorrigible teenager and, finally, an independent younglion.[12]

Development

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Creation

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The Lion Kingwas conceived in 1988.[13]Although considered an original story[14][15][note 1]that follows a young lion, Simba, becoming an adult and learning to take responsibility for his actions,[20][21]the film's creators drew inspiration for the character from various sources, namely severalcoming-of-age storiesand thebiblical figuresMosesandJoseph.[22][23]The film underwent several title changes, one of the earliest of which wasKing of the Jungle.[24]According to producerDon Hahn,this title was intended to serve as anallegoryabout Simba needing to survive and grow up in both a literal andmetaphoricaljungle.[25]However, they renamed itThe Lion Kingupon realizing lions don't live in jungles, and wanting to shift focus to a simpler story about a lion becoming king.[26]Some filmmakers nicknamed the film "Bambiin Africa "due to similarities betweenThe Lion Kingand Disney's ownBambi.[27]The name "Simba" is theSwahiliword for "lion".[28][29]Unlike Disney's three previous romantic filmsThe Little Mermaid,Beauty and the Beast,andAladdin,The Lion Kingfocuses on Simba's relationship with his father.[30]

In April 1992, the filmmakers hosted a "brainstorming session" in which much of the film, including Simba's personality, was re-written.[30]Story supervisorBrenda Chapmanrealized they had written a proud, unlikeable character.[31]Originally, Simba was intended to remain with his pride afterMufasa's death until this was revised to make him a moresympathetic character.[30]Additionally, one of the earliest iterations of Scar was a rogue lion unrelated to Simba,[25]whereas Simba was meant to be raised by Scar in another version.[32][33]According toDisney Theatrical GrouppresidentTom Schumacher,Scar was planned to kill Simba and Mufasa at the same time, only for other characters to mistake him for saving Simba from the stampede.[34]Instead of meetingTimon and Pumbaa,this version of Simba would have grown up a slacker under Scar's reign, making him easier to overthrow.[35][36]A short scene depicting a young Simba wandering the desert before meeting Timon and Pumbaa was also cut.[37]

ScreenwriterLinda Woolverton,one of the writers credited with creating the character,[38]joined the film to revise its screenplay, which included providing Simba with a stronger adversary by changing the rogue lion into Simba's uncle.[39]She felt the change contributed moreShakespeareanelements to the story.[39]The character has often been compared toPrince HamletfromWilliam Shakespeare's tragedyHamlet.[40]In an earlier version of the script, Simba was meant to lose his final fight to Scar, being thrown from Pride Rock before his uncle ultimately dies in a fire.[25][41]Nala's younger brother Mheetu, who Simba was to have rescued from a stampede, was also written out of the film,[25]as well as a trio of Simba's childhood friends.[42]For a while, the story team struggled to come up with a convincing reason as to why Simba would believe he was responsible for Mufasa's death, without killing him.[43]Story artistChris Sandersexplained that the key to this was eventually accepting that a young child in an extremely emotional state would simply believe what their uncle told them.[43]

Addressing online speculation that Simba and Nala could potentially be related since Mufasa and Scar are the only adult male lions identified in the film, Woolverton acknowledged that although it is possible, she had never written Simba and Nala as cousins or siblings.[44]Although Woolverton admitted that songs such as "Hakuna Matata"were non-essential to the plot and arrived later during the writing process, she confirmed that it helps demonstrate Simba during his" lost boy "phase.[45]Some of Disney's marketing team doubted Simba's marketability, since most of Disney's lead characters at the time were female or princesses.[46]

Voice

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ActorMatthew Broderickprovided the speaking voice of adult Simba.[42]The first actor cast forThe Lion King,[15]Broderick learned that Disney was interested in him for the lead role while he was vacationing in Ireland,[47]to where Disney sent him sketches of Simba.[48]The filmmakers hired him based on his performance in theteen comedyfilmFerris Bueller's Day Off.[47][49]According to Hahn, Broderick was cast because his voice invoked a character who could be irresponsible yet likeable enough to redeem himself.[50]Minkoff recalled that the actor was able to humanize the character, preventing the hero from "becoming 2-dimensional" using a combination of sensitivity, thoughtfulness, and humor.[30]Having been involved in the film since early development,[47]Broderick said he had always assumedThe Lion Kingwas an adaptation ofHamlet,[33]elements of which were most prominent when he was first cast.[47]Broderick worked on the film on-and-off for two-three years,[51][42]often re-recording his work to match what the animators had drawn several months later.[47]He also slightly lowered his pitch to establish Simba's maturity once he decides to become king.[52]Although Broderick recorded most of his lines alone, he briefly recorded with an actress who had originally been cast as Nala until she was ultimately replaced withMoira Kelly,which Broderick only learned had happened at the film's premiere.[47]The actor said he sometimes felt left out when recording his lines, which were more somber in comparison to the film's supporting cast.[49]

Matthew Broderickvoiced the adult Simba.

Disney auditioned dozens ofchild actorsfor the role of young Simba, searching for an actor who could embody "a scrappy young kid".[53]ActorJonathan Taylor Thomaswas cast as the speaking voice of young Simba.[54][55]He was 12 years-old at the time.[56]Thomas did not alter his voice for the character,[53]but simply spoke "with a real kid spirit" since Simba had been described to him by the film's directors as "energetically cocky".[56]Thomas recorded his lines in hour-long sessions over the course of a year and a half.[57]Because he was working by himself, he improvised much of what other characters were supposed to be saying to his character due to the lack of other actors on set.[58][57]Due to his busy schedule, Thomas recorded some his dialogue on theHome Improvementset, thesitcomon which he was starring at the time,[57]since both productions were filmed onDisney's Burbank lot.[53]His recording sessions were video recorded, which animators used to incorporate some of Thomas' expressions and mannerisms into their drawings,[57][59]namely the actor's "sly smile".[58]His appearance and personality served as creative inspiration for supervising animatorMark Hennin particular.[14]The actor found Simba's curiosity similar to his own.[57]He also likened Simba to hisHome ImprovementcharacterRandy Taylor,describing both as curious, intuitive, confident, and quick-witted.[58]Hahn recalled "rough[ing Thomas] up" during certain recording sessions when his character was intended to sound active or out of breath, in order to deliver a convincing performance.[53]

Although Broderick recorded his character's songs twice, the studio opted not to use his vocals in the final film, which the actor attributed to Disney being interested in a poppier sound than he was capable of delivering.[60]Totolead singerJoseph Williamsand actorJason Weaverprovided the singing voices of adult and young Simba, respectively.[61]Williams was originally hired to record all ofAladdin's vocals.[62]However,Aladdin's songwriters preferred a more theatrical voice over Williams', and ultimately replaced him with actorBrad Kane.[62]Several months later, Disney's music supervisor Chris Montan invited Williams back to record somedemos,which ultimately became the songs used inThe Lion King.[63]Although Williams speculated that he would be replaced similar toAladdin,all of his vocals were retained in the final film.[62]Williams claims Broderick was upset that Disney had decided todubhim.[64]He recorded "Hakuna Matata” and “Can You Feel the Love Tonight" for the film.[65]

Impressed by Weaver's performance as a youngMichael Jacksonin theminiseriesThe Jacksons: An American Dream,songwritersElton JohnandTim Ricerecruited him to record "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" and "Hakuna Matata"whileThe Lion Kingwas still in its early stages and little animation had been completed.[66][67]Weaver said the songwriters approached his mother about wanting Simba's singing voice to have "a young Michael Jackson vibe".[68]Weaver recorded "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" only a few days after completing the miniseries, with John in particular vouching for his involvement inThe Lion King.[69]His meeting with Disney in Burbank was intended to only be an audition but he ultimately recorded "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" in two takes, completing his work before he had to fly back to Chicago.[68]His recording from the audition was ultimately retained for the final film, which Weaver said they had prepared for extensively prior.[68]Impressed by his performance, the directors considered offering Weaver the speaking role as well before learning that negotiations with Thomas had already been finalized.[70]Disney originally offered Weaver $2 millionUSDfor his work onThe Lion King,but Weaver's mother declined in favor of a deal securing $100,000 upfront and lifetimeroyalties.[71][72]Weaver receives a portion of the film's revenue every time it is re-released, and his total earnings have since exceeded Disney's initial offer.[73]Weaver was not invited to the film's premiere and did little promotion for it, which he attributes to Disney's desire to use the bigger names in the cast to promote the film.[68]Voice actorFrank Welkerprovided the roars of adult Simba and all other lions, simulating the effect using a trash can.[74]

Personality and design

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Disney has long deniedaccusationsthatThe Lion Kingis based on the anime seriesKimba the White Lion,despite similarities between the names "Simba" and "Kimba", as well as someconcept artdepicting Simba as awhite lion.[75][76]The studio maintains that any parallels are coincidental.[77][78]However, Broderick said he thought he had originally been cast in an American remake ofKimbabecause the characters seemed so similar to him at first.[79]Because Disney was prioritizingPocahontasoverThe Lion King,the former of which most of their experienced animators gravitated towards since the studio considered it the more promising of the two projects,[80][81]Simba was one of the fewLion Kingcharacters animated at the studio's main California location.[31]This proved challenging for the production team because Simba shares several scenes with characters who were animated inFlorida.[31]

ActorJonathan Taylor Thomasvoiced young Simba and served as visual inspiration for his animators.

The role of Simba's supervising animator was divided betweenRuben A. Aquinoand Mark Henn, the former of whom was the first animator hired forThe Lion King.[30]Henn served as the supervising animator of Simba as a cub,[82]and Aquino animated him as an adult.[83][84]Aquino and Henn worked on the character from Disney's California and Florida studios, respectively.[20]According to Aquino, animatingfour-legged creaturesis difficult because artists are required to draw twice as many legs as human characters, while still incorporating human-like qualities.[85]For assistance, Aquino drew inspiration from Disney's previous animal films such asBambi,Lady and the Tramp,andThe Jungle Book.[85]Aquino based his early drawings of Simba on Broderick,[86]whose voice he said offers the character "a lot of humor and vulnerability... which really gave me something to go on and made it easier for me to flesh out my performance".[85]Aquino would quietly sketch Broderick live during his sessions, which would end up informing each other's performances.[48]Because the adult version of the character is introducedmildly depressed,Aquino originally drew him with sad, soulful eyes and a disheveled mane, but redesigned him to look more heroic at Hahn's request.[86]As a result, Simba ended up resembling Mufasa.[86]To make sure the character looked believable, Aquino studied live lions loaned to the studio and consulted with zoologists.[86]

Henn animated Simba's scenes from the beginning of the film until approximately the "Hakuna Matata" sequence,[87]including Simba's first appearance as an adult towards the end of the musical number.[20]BeforeThe Lion King,his experience as a supervising animator was limited to predominantly female characters, having previously worked onArielfromThe Little Mermaid,BellefromBeauty and the Beast,andJasminefromAladdin.[20][88][89]He initially campaigned heavily to animate the film's villain, Scar, because he wanted to do something different than theprincesseshe had become known for,[20][90]but Hahn convinced him to work on Simba due to his experience with main characters.[91]Hahn reminded Henn that the success of the entire film hinges on Simba's design, since he is considered the most important character inThe Lion King,[20][90]and the animator found it a welcome departure fromleading ladiesnonetheless.[91]Aside fromAndreas Dejawho ultimately animated Scar, Henn was the most tenured animator onThe Lion King,whose roster mostly consisted of newer or first-time animators.[91]Simba proved to be a challenge because Henn was tasked with creating an animated character who would both appear and behave like a real lion cub for the first time.[92]To achieve believability, Henn visited zoos, studied live lion cubs that were loaned to the studio for research, and consulted with wildlife professionals.[92]Henn maintained that animators can not simply use their cats as reference models due to their different anatomies.[88]Recalling their efforts to make his character as realistic as possible, Henn said that, unlike domestic cats, lion cubs “have a power... underlying that seemingly soft exterior".[59]He was also responsible for making sure Simba's appearance remained consistent between himself, the directors, and other animators.[87]

When it came to animating the "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" musical sequence, Henn insisted that Simba remain on all-fours, despite the characterexhibiting human characteristicsby dancing.[87]The animators would often observe and film the actors' recording sessions, using their mannerisms as visual reference, with Thomas proving particularly influential on Simba's design and personality.[93]Henn described his version of the character as a young, cocky, inexperienced cub who had yet to mature, which he hoped would remind viewers of their younger selves.[20]Compared to adult Simba, Simba is "looser" and less physically assured, which allowed Henn to draw him "a little more awkward, his feet were a little bigger, they could be a little floppier than when he’s an adult".[20]Although Henn and Aquino did not spend much time discussing the character's design with each other, both artists referenced live lions and received input from the same research team to determine how Simba should look and behave.[20]Catherine Hinman of theOrlando Sentinelobserved that the animators' extensive research resulted in "a lion cub who moves like his aristocratic cousins on the savannah but acts like the kid down the street".[94]Tom Bancroft, an animator who worked on Simba under Henn, described his supervisor as the fastest animator at Disney at the time, making it difficult for other animators to acquire their own scenes to animate as Henn would typically do them himself.[95]According to theAcademy of Art University,Henn's work on Simba "further cemented his place in [animation] history".[82]

Some journalists believe Simba's mane was based on how singerJon Bon Jovistyled his hair during the 1980s.[28][96][97]Simba spends 55% of his screen time as a cub, and the remaining 45% as an adult lion.[98]At the time of the film's release, Simba had the most screen time of any Disney hero, appearing in 49.71% of the film (or 43 minutes and 51 seconds).[98]

Critical reception

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Reception towards Simba has been generally mixed.The Christian Science Monitor'sDavid Sterritthailed him as "a superbly realized character".[99]Owen GleibermanofEntertainment Weeklydescribed Simba as "marvelously expressive", to the point where he appears to be more human-like thanAladdinandThe Little Mermaid's human characters.[100]In a review forThe Fresno Bee,authorJohn Scalzicalled Simba "the cutest little lion club you'd ever care to see",[4]and film criticRoger Ebertdescribed him as "cute" several times throughout his review of the film.[101]Peter TraversofRolling StoneandAbout's David Nusair were moved by Simba's relationship with Mufasa.[102][103]James BerardinelliofReelViewsenjoyed that the film prioritizes Simba's personal growth over his romantic relationship with Nala, but found Broderick's performance "nondescript".[104]

Some critics complimented Simba's design.

Voxdescribed Simba as "the least compelling character inThe Lion King",acknowledging this might be a controversial opinion.[105]Hal HinsonofThe Washington Postgave the character a negative review, questioning Simba as a hero and nicknaming him "the Lion Country incarnation ofFabio".[106]Kenneth Turanof theLos Angeles Timessaid Simba was outshone by his sidekicks, describing him as "irritatingly callow".[107]Joshua StarnesofComingSoon.netpanned Simba as a main character, describing him as the film's "weak link being both blandly designed and blandly performed".[108]Acknowledging the character's Shakespearean roots,The Baltimore Sun'sStephen Huntercalled Simba a less compelling version of Hamlet,Morris the Cat,andSylvester the Cat.[109]Hunter also found adult Simba to be even less interesting than young Simba,[109]while film criticGene Siskelfound the character boring.[110]Johnny Brayson ofBustledescribed Simba as "not as great as you remember" despite the character's popularity, criticizing his privileged upbringing, arrogance, and immaturity.[111]Jonathan Allford ofThe Guardiancalled Simba "a happy, slightly dislikable lion cub".[112]In 2022, Rachel Ulatowski ofScreen Rantwrote that despite differing opinions about the character, "Audiences cannot deny that Simba's design perfectly embodies his role as thetragic hero"with" an intriguing appearance that is heroic, bold, charming, but also weary and disheveled at times. The contrasting elements paint him perfectly as an exiled prince who has been through tragedy in his life ".[113]

Despite the character's mixed reviews, several critics have praised Broderick's performance,[114][115][116]includingThe Washington Post'sDesson Howe.[117]Annette Basile ofFilmInkdescribed Broderick as "excellent" in the role,[118]whilePeter BradshawofThe Guardiancalled him "sumptuous".[119]Digital Spy's Mayer Nissim described Broderick's work as "wonderful".[120]Several critics and publications have rankedThe Lion Kingamong his best films and performances.[121][122]According to the actor's biography onPBS,Broderick's work in the film and its sequels ironically delivered him "his greatest screen success (to date) in relative anonymity".[123]Gold Derbysaid the film earned Broderick legions of younger fans, ranking it his sixth best film.[52]MovieWebranked Simba the greatest performance of Thomas' career, praising his "wide range of emotions".[124]However, Janet M. Walker of theNew York Amsterdam Newscriticized Disney for castingwhite actorsas Simba,[125]considering his parents are voiced by Black actorsJames Earl JonesandMadge Sinclair.[126]Christopher NullofContactmusicpanned Weaver's performance, likening his singing toMichael Jacksonand saying "You almost don't want him to succeed".[116]

When the film was released, some viewersallegedthat during one of Simba's scenes, he creates adust cloudthat appears to spell the word "SEX" in the night sky.[127][128]In a lawsuit filed against Disney in Texas, the studio was accused of including sexualsubliminal messagesin a family-oriented film,[129]while Catholic activist organizationAmerican Life Leaguedemanded an apology for including sexual material in its films.[130]AnimatorTom Sitoclaims the letters actually spelled "SFX", an abbreviation forspecial effects,and was aneaster egganimated by the film's special effects department.[131]Beginning in 2002, the letters were edited out of re-releases ofThe Lion King,and replaced with standard dust clouds.[127]

Cultural impact

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Legacy and popularity

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According to aVoxwriter, Simba is not as iconic as Scar or Mufasa, which they attributed to the character's perceived lack of agency and tendency to rely on instructions from other characters.[105]Contrarily, Marc Snetiker ofEntertainment Weeklydescribed Simba as an iconic character who has "spent nearly a quarter century etched into pop culture".[132]Chhavi Puri ofPinkvillasaid characters such as Simba "defined our childhood".[133]The same publication named Simba the second-best Disney character of all-time and "undoubtedly one of the best male Disney characters",[134]whileThe A.V. Clubranked him 29th.[135]AccordingToons Mag,Simba is one of the 10 best Disney cartoon characters of all time and "one of Disney's most significant characters".[136]Looperranked Simba Disney's 37th best character of all-time.[137]Varietynamed Simba one of Disney's 25 most iconic characters.[59]According to Arunkumar Sekhar ofCinema Expressand Rachel Ulatowski ofScreen Rant,Simba is one of the studio's most iconic animated characters.[113][138]In a 1995 article ranking "The most powerful people in entertainment",Entertainment Weeklylikened Disney chairmanMichael Eisner's success story to that of Simba.[139]Publications such asWorld Animal Protection,theLos Angeles Times,Wilmington Star-News,and theBirmingham Mailconsider Simba to be one of themost famous lions in popular culture.[140][141][142][143]Richard Fink ofMovieWebdeclared him "the most famous lion in all of cinema".[144]

Charlotte Cripps ofThe Independentranked Simba Disney's second best role-model for children.[145]Comic Book Resourcesranked Simba Disney's 12th most likeable prince character, due to his relatability.[146]Colliderranked SimbaThe Lion King's fourth-best character,[147]as well as the bestprotagonistof theDisney Renaissance.[148]Contributor Tyler B. Searle said Simba "has one of the strongest character arcs of any Disney protagonist".[147]Writing for the same publication, Anas Yamin said Simba has the best character development of all Disney main characters.[149]Comic Book Resourcesranked Simba eighth in their ranking, including him among "some of the most beloved and iconic main characters in animation history".[150]

Simba's appearance has also generated online debates discussing whether it is appropriate for fans to consider the character attractive, because he is a cartoon lion.[151][152][153][154][155][156][157]Several publications, such asRefinery 29,HuffPost,Seventeen,The Edge,YourTango,The Daily Edge,Pride,andThought Catalog,included Simba inlisticlesabout their most memorable "cartoon crushes",[158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165]whileElleranked him the fourth most attractive Disney prince.[166]Polygonranked Simba the sixth "hottest animated animal character",[167]andMashableranked him eighth.[168]Refinery29's Anne Cohen lamented that the 2019 remake lacks the "Hot Simba Energy" of the original film.[169]Kayla Cobb ofDecidertheorized that Disney wanted audiences to know that "in the lion world, Simba is a babe" by drawing him with traditionally attractive and masculine features.[170]Louis Costello, a writer forPedestrian,said "yes it’s okay to be attracted to adult Simba and yes you’re not the only one".[171]In 2019, the pop culture websitePunkeepublished an article asking readers "Why Are We All So Thirsty For Simba?", which author Jenna Guillaume attributed to the character's long mane, smile, "flirty eyebrow raise", and Broderick's voice.[172]Senior lecturer Dr. Lauren Rosewarne theorized that Simba's story and character development throughoutThe Lion Kingoffers several opportunities for viewers to find him attractive, progressing from wounded, ostracized cub to “potentially offers a bad boy, and then the hero appeal that some audiences will be drawn to".[172]

Pop culture references

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During the film's opening song, "Circle of Life",Rafiki introduces a newborn Simba to a large crowd of onlooking animals gathered at the foot of Pride Rock by standing towards the edge and holding the cub high above their heads, while Mufasa and Sarabi observe from behind them.[23]The scene is considered to be one of the most famous fromThe Lion King,[173][174][175]and has been parodied in several projects since the film's release.[176]Several fans have recreated the image using their own children or pets,[177][178]including, controversially, singerMichael Jacksonin 1992,[179][180]andBrendan Fraserat the end of the filmGeorge of the Jungle.[181][182]During thethird seasonfinaleofOnce Upon a Time,the main characterEmma Swanasked her parentsSnow WhiteandDavid Nolanif they were going to hold up her yet unnamed baby brother like inThe Lion King.[183]

Since the release ofThe Lion Kingin 1994, the name "Simba" has increased in use and popularity among pet owners, specifically dogs and cats.[184][185]According toComcastin 2010, the use of Simba as a dog name reemerged in popularity in 2009 after experiencing a noticeable decline in 2001, ranking the name ninth out of 10 on its list of "Top 10 Trendiest Dog Names of the Year".[186]In May 2013,Yahoo! Lifestyleincluded the name on its list of "Trendiest Dog Names".[187]According to YouPet, Simba is the 17th most popular cat name out of 100 candidates.[188]Care2 included Simba in its article "All-around Cool Cat Names,"[189]while DutchNews.nl reported that Simba ranks among the country's most popular cat names as of July 2013.[190]In its list of "Top Popular Pet Names," BabyNames placed Simba at number 64 on its list of most popular dog names out of the 100 that were considered.[191]Yahoo! News UKreported that Simba was one of the most popular pet names in Britain in 2016.[192]Corresponding with theLion Kingremake in 2019, Simba was that year's most popular male cat name.[193]According toDaily Hive,Simba ranked among Toronto's 10 most popular dog names in 2021.[194]

In other media

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ActorsDonald GloverandJD McCraryvoiced adult and young Simba, respectively, in the 2019photorealisticremakeofThe Lion King.[195][196]The remake closely adheres the plot and characters from the original, but devotes more time to exploring Simba's transition from lion cub to adult.[197]Although the film had already been completed, Glover asked to rerecord his work after his own father died, claiming the experience strengthened his understanding of his character.[195]To commemorate the remake's release,Funko Pop!released several vinyl figurines of Simba and other main characters from the film.[198][199][200]Glover reprised his role in the sequelMufasa: The Lion King(2024), which coveys the story of Mufasa's origins and upbringing to Simba's daughter Kiara.[201]

Simba makes severalguest appearanceson the animated television seriesThe Lion King's Timon & Pumbaa(1995–1999).[202][203][204]Beginning with the television specialThe Lion Guard: Return of the Roar(2015), Simba guest appears on the animated seriesThe Lion Guard(2016–2019), which mostly occurs during the timeline ofThe Lion King II: Simba's Pride's.[205]It follows Simba and Nala's second-born cub,Kion,who becomes leader of the Lion Guard tasked with protecting the Pride Lands.[206][207]Simba is voiced byRob Lowe.[208]The character was also featured as guest on the animated seriesHouse of Mouse(2001–2003),[209]as well as its spin-off filmMickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse(2001).[210]

ActorsScott Irby-RanniarandJason Raizeplayed young and adult Simba, respectively, in theoriginal Broadway castof thestage adaptationofThe Lion King(1997).[211][212]Raize auditioned after learning that directorJulie Taymorwas looking for ethnically ambiguous actors.[213]Raize said the role was highly sought-after because the musical required more "triple-threat work" than other Broadway shows at the time, and immediately felt connected to Simba.[213]Once cast, Raize found it challenging to maintain the character's duality because Simba is "both man and beast", without sacrificing one for the other.[214]Although hundreds of child actors auditioned for the role of young Simba,[215]the casting process was much less grueling for Irby-Ranniar who, according to Taymor, simply "walked in and he had the part".[216]Both actors received positive reviews for their performances.[217][218][215]

Merchandising and video games

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As an part of thefranchise's merchandising, Simba has appeared in variousThe Lion King-related products.[219]The character's likeness has been used in and adapted into a variety of items, including plush toys and figurines, clothing, bedding, household decor, and appliances.[220]The success of the stage musical has also led to its own line of merchandising,[221]including the Simba beanbag doll, based on the character's appearance and costume in the Broadway show.[222][223]

Simba has appeared as aplayable characterin several video games both directly and indirectly associated with theLion Kingfranchise. The character's first appearance as avideo game characterwas inThe Lion King(1994),[224]which follows the plot of the original film and features Simba as both a cub and an adult.[225]Simba appears inThe Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure(2000),[226][227]which encompasses 10 levels that incorporate the plot of bothThe Lion KingandThe Lion King II: Simba's Prideas "Simba... matures from a precocious cub to an adult lion".[228]

In theKingdom Heartsvideo game franchise, Simba appears as a friend and ally of the series' main character,Sora,inKingdom Hearts,Kingdom Hearts: Chain of MemoriesandKingdom Hearts III,and as a companion in battle inKingdom Hearts II.[229][230][231][232][233]Simba also appears as a playable character inDisney Interactive Studios'Disney's Extreme Skate AdventureandDisney Magic Kingdoms.[234][235]He is one of the central characters inDisney Friends.[236]

Walt Disney Parks and Resorts

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Live versions of Simba appear in theLion Kingmusicaland in the parades and shows at theWalt Disney Parks and Resorts.

Simba was also the main character in "Legend of the Lion King," a formerFantasylandattraction inWalt Disney World'sMagic Kingdom,which retold the story of the film using fully articulated puppets. Other Disney attractions that have featured Simba include theMickey's PhilharMagic3D show and theHong Kong Disneylandversion ofIt's a Small World.

He appeared as one of the main characters at Epcot'sLand Pavilion12-minuteedutainmentfilmCircle of Life: An Environmental Fable,until its closure in 2018. He currently appears in animatronic form inFestival of the Lion KingatDisney's Animal Kingdom.

Notes

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  1. ^Disney has stated thatThe Lion Kingwas their first "original" animated film, in the sense that its story is not directly based on or adapted from any pre-existing work or material.[16][17]Although loosely inspired by and sharing several similarities withWilliam Shakespeare's playHamlet,The Lion Kingis not considered to be an adaptation of the play.[18][19]

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