Wikipedia

SkyTeam

For the board game, seeSky Team (board game).

SkyTeamis one of the world's three majorairline alliances.Founded in June 2000, SkyTeam was the last of the three alliances to be formed, the first two beingStar AllianceandOneworld,respectively. Its annual passenger count is 624 million customers (2024),[1]the second largest of the three major alliances.[5][6][7]As of October 2024,SkyTeam consists of 19 active carriers; it also operates a cargo alliance namedSkyTeam Cargo,which partners with ten carriers, all SkyTeam members. Its centralised management team, SkyTeam Central, is based inAmstelveen,Netherlands.[2]

SkyTeam
Launch date22 June 2000;24 years ago(2000-06-22)
Full members19
Destination airports1,000+[1]
Destination countries160+[1]
Annual passengers (M)624[1]
HeadquartersAmstelveen,Netherlands[2]
Management
Alliance sloganCaring more about you[1]
Websiteskyteam

History

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Formation and early years

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On 22 June 2000, representatives ofDelta Air Lines,Aeroméxico,Air France,andKorean Airheld a meeting inNew Yorkto form a thirdairline alliance.[8]These became the four founding carriers of SkyTeam. Upon its formation, SkyTeam would offer its customers 6,402 daily flights to 451 destinations in 98 countries. In September 2000(2000-09),the alliance established a cargo alliance,SkyTeam Cargo.The group's inaugural members were Aeromexpress, Air France Cargo, Delta Air Logistics and Korean Air Cargo.[8]The following month, the newly established airline alliance announced its intentions to incorporateCSA Czech Airlinesas the 5th member in April of the following year.[9]

The alliance saw the joining of CSA Czech Airlines on 25 March 2001;[10]Alitaliaentered SkyTeam on 27 July the same year,[11]with its membership scheduled to become effective 1 November that year.[12]On 30 September 2001, the alliance received KLM's application for membership, following the airline's plans to create a leading airline group with Air France.[13]In 2003,Delta's subsidiary,Delta Express,was replaced bySong.[14][15]That same year, SkyTeam also launched an improved website focused on providing passengers with more information, increased interactivity and other resources.[16]

2000s: First major expansion, departure of airlines and new initiatives

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AeroflotBoeing 777departsHong Kong International Airport.

On 24 May 2004,Aeroflotsigned amemorandum of understandingwith SkyTeam as it intended to become a full member. The event took place in theKremlinfollowing the airline's application earlier in the year for membership.[17][18]SkyTeam expressed that Aeroflot has not met the consortium's standards, but that the airline's large hub networks made it ideal for the alliance, and made up for its deficiencies.[19]

On 28 August,China Southern Airlines,the largest carrier in the People's Republic of China, signed a preliminary agreement inGuangzhouin its bid to become a full member.[20]In the presence of some Chinese and airline officials, Yan Zhiqing, the chairman of China Southern Airlines, said, "This agreement-signing event is an important step forward into the future for China Southern Airlines to adapt itself to the need of further reforms and opening to the international community, as it will strengthen the airline's international cooperation and global competitiveness."

On 13 September,Continental Airlines,KLMandNorthwest Airlinesjoined the alliance.[21][22]Their simultaneous entry was the largest expansion event in airline alliance history. As a result of the three new members, SkyTeam surpassedOneworldto become the second largest airline alliance, serving more than 341 million customers with 14,320 daily flights to 658 destinations in 130 countries.[21]

Even though memberCSA Czech Airlinespledged to helpMalév Hungarian Airlinesbecome an associate member of the alliance (as opposed to a full member, an associate has no voting rights), Malév Hungarian Airlines opted to join theOneworldairline alliance, signing a memorandum of understanding late in May. A few days later, SkyTeam announced four new associate members due to join by 2006, each one being "sponsored" by an existing member:Madrid-basedAir Europa(sponsored by Air France), Panama-basedCopa Airlines(sponsored and partly owned byContinental Airlines),Kenya Airways(sponsored and partly owned byKLM) and Romania'sTAROM(sponsored byAlitalia).[23]Every associate adopted afrequent-flyer programof a full member: Copa Airlines already usedContinental'sOnePass;[24]Kenya Airways and Air Europa used Air France–KLM'sFlying Blue.[25]

Following a 23-month joining process since May 2004(2004-05),[26]Aeroflot joined on 14 April 2006.[27]It was the first Russian airline to be associated with any airline alliance.[28][29]Aeroflot had increased its operational standards, passingInternational Air Transport Association's (IATA)Operational Safety Audit(IOSA).Delta's subsidiarySongcontinued to operate as Delta Air Lines.[30]In June, it was announced thatPortugáliawould become the alliance's next associate member candidate.[31]However, in November, rival airline and Star Alliance memberTAP Air Portugal,purchased 99.81% of the airline, bringing a sudden end to its candidacy.[32]

On 4 September 2007, Air Europa, Copa Airlines,[nb 1]and Kenya Airways became members of SkyTeam's Associate program,[33]which was launched to serve airlines in strategic regions which intended to become affiliated with the alliance.[34][35]China Southern Airlines joined SkyTeam on 15 November to become the 11th full member and the first carrier fromChinato join the alliance.[36][37]

An AlitaliaBoeing 767-300ERin SkyTeam special livery on approach toFiumicino Airportin 2009.

In June 2008(2008-06),[38]following an agreement between Continental Airlines andUnited Airlines,[39]the former, as well as Copa Airlines, announced their intentions to move toStar Allianceafter Continental's final flight with SkyTeam on 24 October 2009.[40][41][42]That day, as announced, Continental Airlines and Copa Airlines simultaneously left SkyTeam.[43][44]Continental Airlines joinedStar Alliancethree days later;[45]at the time, it was rumored that the switch was Continental's initial move in a United-Continental merger.[46]

In April 2009(2009-04),the alliance signed a preliminary agreement withVietnam Airlinesfor the airline to become a full member in 2010.[47]Also in 2009,Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italianere-launched operations as the newAlitalia,[48]and the alliance announced initiatives towards a centralized management based inAmsterdam.[49]The consortium also named a new managing director, Marie-Joseph Malé, outlined a timeline for the opening of its co-located facilities at LondonHeathrow Airport,and unveiled a new special livery.[49]

In September 2009(2009-09),Olympic Airentered into a codeshare agreement with Delta, a deal that was part of Olympic's intention to join SkyTeam and engage in further discussions with Delta's joint venture partner Air France–KLM.[50][51][52][53]However, ties were cut in 2013 after Star Alliance memberAegean Airlinesacquired Olympic Air.

2010s: Second major expansion and tenth anniversary

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To start 2010,Northwest Airlines' andDelta Air Lines' operating certificates were officially combined on 1 January,[54]while on 9 March,China Southern Airlinesannounced its plans to joinSkyTeam Cargo.[55][56][57]With membership expected to be granted in November the same year, the airline was to be the first Chinese carrier to join a global air cargo alliance.[55]On 16 AprilChina Eastern Airlinesannounced its intention to join SkyTeam, with the official joining ceremony initially expected to occur by mid-2011.[58][59]The announcement came shortly after the airline's merger withShanghai Airlines,a member of SkyTeam's rivalStar Alliance.

AVietnam AirlinesAirbus A350-900 XWBsporting the SkyTeam special livery atTaoyuan International Airport.

On 10 June, Vietnam Airlines became a full member following a joining ceremony held inHanoi.[60][61]The airline became the first SkyTeam carrier from Southeast Asia, whereStar Alliancehas a strong presence throughSingapore AirlinesandThai Airways International.With an extra 20 unique destinations added to SkyTeam's route map, Vietnam Airlines helped to strengthen the alliance's foothold in the region.[60]

A TAROMBoeing 737-700in SkyTeam specialliveryon short final toBrussels Airportin 2011.

On 22 June, the CEOs andchairmenof the 13 member airlines gathered in New York to celebrate the alliance's 10th anniversary.[62]During its first decade of operation, the world's second-largest airline alliance more than tripled its membership, doubled its flights and nearly doubled its destinations.[63]On the same day, SkyTeam announced that it had renewed its membership program, thereby upgradingAir Europa,Kenya AirwaysandTAROMstatuses from associate to full members.[64]During the ceremony, the Board outlined its plans to recruit members fromLatin America,South Americaand India.[63]Three days later, TAROM officially became the 13th SkyTeam member.[65]As a part of the celebration, SkyTeam offered reductions of round-the-world fares[66]and other promotions. Following the 10th anniversary, SkyTeam intended to enhance customers' travel experience and deepen cooperation among its members to supplement the expansion into regions that are yet to have SkyTeam members.[67]

In South America, India and Africa, it is clear there will be a significant battle for positioning to lure good carriers in your alliance.

— Leo van Wijk, chairman during a 10th anniversary event of SkyTeam[68]
Czech AirlinesBoeing 737–500in SkyTeam specialliveryin 2012.

During the year, Delta Air Lines offeredUS$1.02billion toJapan Airlinesafter the Asian airline filed for bankruptcy due toUS$26billion debt,[69]at the same time lobbyingOneworld's largest member in Asia to switch to SkyTeam.[70]Delta, along withAmerican Airlines,wanted Japan Airlines to be in their respective alliances to benefit from the U.S.–JapanOpen Skies agreement.Eventually, Japan Airlines opted to remain at Oneworld, citing that the transfer to SkyTeam would confuse its passengers and may not gain antitrust immunity from U.S. regulators.[71]

SkyTeam received its second application for full membership within five months.China Airlines,Taiwan's flag carrier and largest airline, announced in mid-September that it had formally started the joining process.[72][73][74]Upon joining, the airline's route network supplemented those ofChina Southern AirlinesandChina Eastern Airlines,allowing cooperation among the three airlines. The following month,Aerolíneas Argentinassigned an agreement to officially start the process of becoming the first South American SkyTeam member. The airline was set to join in 2012.[75][76][77]

On 1 November,Shanghai Airlinesexited fromStar Allianceto join SkyTeam in the future under its parent company, future SkyTeam memberChina Eastern Airlines.This bolstered SkyTeam's presence in the People's Republic of China and surrounding areas, making SkyTeam the number one alliance in the region.[78]Garuda Indonesiaformally started its joining process on 23 November and was scheduled to be integrated by 2012.[79]Upon joining, the airline became the second Southeast Asian airline to join SkyTeam, therefore challengingStar Alliance's dominance in the region throughThai Airways InternationalandSingapore Airlines.

Membership ofXiamen Airlineswas activated in November 2012(2012-11).[80]

On 10 January 2011,Saudi Arabian Airlinessigned an agreement to join SkyTeam in 2012.[81]On 28 February the same year,Middle East Airlinesagreed to join the alliance.[82][83]Member airlines Delta and Air France–KLM appointedGoldman Sachsin late February 2011(2011-02)to advise them on a potential bid for SirRichard Branson's 51% stake inVirgin Atlantic,which could lead to the airline joining SkyTeam and would sharply increase the alliance's footprint inLondon.RivalsStar AllianceandEtihad Airlineswere also investigating competing options about Virgin Atlantic.[84]China Eastern Airlinesjoined the alliance on 21 June 2011, along with itssubsidiary,Shanghai Airlines,to become the 14th member.[85][86]Later in 2011, on 28 September,China Airlinesjoined the alliance.[87]In November the same year,Xiamen Airlinescommitted to be incorporated as a full member by the end of 2012,[88]with their entry supported byChina Southern Airlines.[89]

A SaudiaAirbus A330-300ta xing for takeoff atAtatürk Airportwearing the SkyTeam livery.

On 29 May 2012,Saudi Arabian Airlinesbecame both the first carrier to join the alliance in 2012 and the first one based in theMiddle East,which brought the total members to 16.[90][91]The same day of its incorporation, Saudi Arabian Airlines was renamed to Saudia.[92]Middle East Airlinesbecame the 17th member of the alliance a month later, following its incorporation on 28 June 2012.[93][94]On 29 August 2012, Aerolíneas Argentinas became the firstSouth Americanand the secondLatin Americanairline in joining the alliance,[95][96]bringing the number of members to 18.[97]Following its incorporation on 21 November 2012, Xiamen Airlines became the fourth member inMainland China,[80]with the overall number of members in the alliance rising to 19.[98][99][100]In late June 2013(2013-06),the Russian newspaperKommersantpublished an article that mentions that Aeroflot was considering leaving the alliance over disagreements withDeltaon the pricing on some routes toNorth America.The report also mentioned that the Russian carrier was considering joiningStar Alliance.[101]To assess the benefits of the SkyTeam membership, a study was carried out in July; following it, the Aeroflot board reaffirmed its position within the alliance in September 2013(2013-09).[102]

Garuda Indonesiabecame the 20th member of the alliance on 5 March 2014.[103][104][105]Garuda initially expected to gain SkyTeam membership in 2012, but the joining process took 40 months to be completed.[106]

On 31 December 2018,China Southern Airlinesleft the alliance.[107]

On 4 November 2019, theInternational Airlines Group(IAG) announced it had agreed terms to purchaseAir Europaand that the airline would leave SkyTeam if the deal succeeded.[citation needed]TheCOVID-19 pandemicand antitrust concerns delayed the sale. Negotiations resumed in March 2022 when IAG agreed to grant Air Europa a €100 million loan convertible into a 20% stake.[108]In February 2023, negotiations were completed and IAG agreed to buy the remaining 80% stake in Air Europa (which it plans to keep as a separate brand but have managed byIberia) for €400 million, subject to European regulatory approval.[109][110][111]In August 2024, IAG abandon the deal after deeming additional remedies to address EU antitrust conditions too onerous to make the deal viable.[112]

2020s: Third major expansion, COVID-19 pandemic and 25th anniversary

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On 15 October 2021,Alitaliaceased operations, departing the alliance.[113]Its successor,ITA Airways,joined SkyTeam on 29 October 2021.[114][115]In 2023,Lufthansa,after confirming its initial acquisition of 41% of ITA Airways, said its plans included gaining total ownership of ITA's shares by 2028 and having the airline leave SkyTeam and join Star Alliance. TheEuropean Commissionapproved Lufthansa Group's purchase of a 41% stake inITA Airwaysin July 2024.[116][117][118][119][120][121]ITA would leave SkyTeam and join Star Alliance in 2026 or 2027.[122]

In February 2022, both Delta and KLM announced plans to suspend their codesharing agreements with Aeroflot in connection with the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[123][124]Subsequently, on 27 April, SkyTeam and Aeroflot announced that Aeroflot's membership with the alliance was suspended.[125]

On 2 March 2023,Virgin Atlanticjoined the alliance, making it the 19th member and the first UK airline of the alliance.[126][127]

On October 2023, as a part of the restructuring of Scandinavian Airlines' parent companySAS Group,Air France-KLM, along with theGovernment of Denmarkand two financial firms announced plans to invest in Scandinavian Airlines. In March 2024, US Bankruptcy Court approved the investment along with Stockholm District Court in 12 June 2024 and European Commission on 28 June 2024. As a result of the approval for the investment,Scandinavian Airlinesleft Star Alliance on 31 August 2024 and joined SkyTeam in 1 September 2024.[128][129][130]

On 26 October 2024, Czech Airlines left SkyTeam and ceased operations following changes in operating model. The last flight arrived from Paris the following evening.[131][132][133]

Member airlines

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Full members and their member affiliates

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Aeroméxico,Air France,Delta Air LinesandKorean Airare the four founding members of the alliance.

As of September 2024,the following airlines are members of SkyTeam:[134]

Member airline Joined Member affiliates
Aerolíneas Argentinas 29 August 2012[96]
Aeroméxico[A] 22 June 2000
Air Europa 4 September 2007[33]
Air France[A][nb 2] 22 June 2000
China Airlines 28 September 2011[87]
China Eastern Airlines 21 June 2011[86] Shanghai Airlines[86]
Delta Air Lines[A] 22 June 2000
Garuda Indonesia 5 March 2014[103]
ITA Airways 29 October 2021[114]
Kenya Airways 4 September 2007[33]
KLM[nb 2] 13 September 2004
Korean Air[A] 22 June 2000
Middle East Airlines 28 June 2012[93]
Saudia 29 May 2012[91]
Scandinavian Airlines 1 September 2024[129]
TAROM 25 June 2010[65]
Vietnam Airlines 10 June 2010[60]
Virgin Atlantic 2 March 2023[135]
XiamenAir 21 November 2012[100]

AFounding member.

Suspended members and member affiliates

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Suspended member airline Joined Suspended Member affiliates
Aeroflot 14 April 2006[27] 28 April 2022[125]

Former members and member affiliates

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Former member airlines and their affiliates

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Former member airline Joined Exited Member affiliates Remarks
Alitalia 27 July 2001[136] 15 October 2021 Alitalia CityLiner[137]
China Southern Airlines 15 November 2007[37] 31 December 2018[138][139]
Continental Airlines 13 September 2004[140] 24 October 2009 Merged withUnited Airlines3 March 2012.
Czech Airlines 25 March 2001[10] 26 October 2024[141]
Northwest Airlines 13 September 2004[142] 31 January 2010 Merged withDelta Air Lineson 31 January 2010.

Former affiliate members of current full members

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Former member affiliate Joined Exited Member affiliate of
Aerolitoral[nb 3] 2000 2007 Aeroméxico
Aeroméxico Travel[nb 4] 2008 2011 Aeroméxico
Brit Air 2000 2013 Air France
Comair 2000 2012 Delta Air Lines
Delta Express[nb 5] 2000 2003 Delta Air Lines
Dobrolet 2013 2014 Aeroflot
Régional 2001 2013 Air France
Song Airlines[nb 6] 2003 2006 Delta Air Lines

Former associate members

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Former associate member Joined Exited Member affiliates
Copa Airlines 4 September 2007[33] 24 October 2009[143][144][nb 7]

SkyTeam Cargo

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Main article:SkyTeam Cargo

SkyTeam Cargo is the cargo division of SkyTeam. As of April 2024,the cargo alliance comprised nine members from the passenger alliance:Aeroméxico Cargo,Air France-KLM Cargo(includeAir France CargoandKLM Cargo),China Cargo Airlines,Czech Airlines Cargo,Delta Cargo,ITA Airways Cargo,Korean Air CargoandSaudia Cargo.[147]Aerolíneas Argentinas Cargo,the cargo division of Aerolíneas Argentinas, joined the alliance in November 2013(2013-11).[148]Saudia Cargo joined the alliance on 15 April 2019.[149]

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SkyTeam launched a specialliveryin 2009, coinciding with the alliance's 10th anniversary, withDelta Air Linesbeing the first airline to paint one of its aircraft with these colours. The livery consisted of an all-metallic silverfuselageand a dark blueempennagewith SkyTeam's logo on it. The alliance emblem is painted on both sides of the fuselage. As of August 2016,the SkyTeam livery was worn by 52 aircraft.[150]

Notes

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  1. ^Copa'ssubsidiaryAero Repúblicawas never part of the alliance.[24]
  2. ^abAir France and KLM Royal Dutch Airlines are part of the airline holding companyAir France–KLM.
  3. ^A founding affiliate member; was relaunched asAeroméxico Connect.
  4. ^A former charter division, whose operations became part ofAeroméxico.
  5. ^A founding affiliate member; replaced by Song Airlines.
  6. ^Song's operations were re-absorbed intoDelta's fleet, upon Song ceasing operations in 2006.
  7. ^JoinedStar Alliancein mid-2012.[145][146]

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