Songcatcher

Songcatcheris a 2000 Americandrama filmdirected byMaggie Greenwald.It is about amusicologistresearching and collectingAppalachian folk musicin the mountains of westernNorth Carolina.AlthoughSongcatcheris a fictional film, it is loosely based on the work ofOlive Dame Campbell,founder of theJohn C. Campbell Folk SchoolinBrasstown, North Carolina,and that of the English folk song collectorCecil Sharp,portrayed at the end of the film as professor Cyrus Whittle. The film grossed $3 million inlimited theatrical releasein the United States,which was generally considered as a respectable result for anarthouse filmrelease in 2001.

Songcatcher
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Maggie Greenwald
Written by	Maggie Greenwald
Produced by	Richard Miller
Starring	Janet McTeer Aidan Quinn Michael Davis Michael Goodwin Jane Adams E. Katherine Kerr Emmy Rossum Pat Carroll
Cinematography	Enrique Chediak
Edited by	Keith Reamer
Music by	David Mansfield
Distributed by	Lions Gate Films(United States and Canada) United Artists Films(International)
Release dates	January 25, 2000(2000-01-25)(Sundance) June 15, 2001(2001-06-15)(United States)
Running time	109 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$1.8 million (estimated)
Box office	$3,050,934

Plot

In 1907, Dr. Lily Penleric, a professor of musicology, is denied a promotion at the university where she teaches. She impulsively visits her sister Eleanor, who runs a struggling rural school inAppalachia.There, she discovers a treasure trove of traditional English and Scotch-Irish ballads, which have been preserved by the secludedmountain peoplesince the colonial period of the 1600s and 1700s. Lily decides to record and transcribe the songs and share them with the outside world.

With the help of a musically talented orphan named Deladis Slocumb, Lily ventures into isolated areas of the mountains to collect the songs. She finds herself increasingly enchanted, not only by the rugged purity of the music, but also by the courage and endurance of the local people as they carve out meaningful lives against the harsh conditions. She becomes privy to their struggles to save their land from Earl Giddens, representative of a coal mining company. At the same time, Lily is troubled when she finds that Eleanor is engaged in alesbianlove affair with her co-teacher at the school.

Lily meets Tom Bledsoe, a handsome, hardened war veteran and talented musician. Despite some initial suspicion from Tom that Lily is exploiting his community's traditions, they grow attracted to one another and soon begin a love affair. She experiences a slow change in both her perception of the mountain people as savage and uncouth, and of her sister's sexuality as immoral.

Events come to a crisis when a young man discovers Eleanor and her lover, Harriet, kissing in the woods. That night, two men set fire to the school building, burning Eleanor, Harriet, and Deladis out of their home and destroying Lily's transcriptions of the ballads and her phonograph recordings. Rather than starting over again, Lily decides to leave, but she convinces Tom and Deladis to "go down the mountain" with her to make and sell phonograph recordings of mountain music. As they depart, Cyrus Whittle, a renowned professor from England, arrives on a collection foray of his own, ensuring that the ballads will be preserved in the manner that Lily had originally intended.

Cast

• Janet McTeeras Professor Lily Penleric
• Aidan Quinnas Tom Bledsoe
• Michael Davis as Dean Arthur Pembroke
• Michael Goodwinas Professor Wallace Aldrich
• Greg Russell Cook as Fate Honeycutt
• Jane Adamsas Eleanor Penleric
• E. Katherine Kerr as Harriet Tolliver
• Emmy Rossumas Deladis Slocumb
• Pat Carrollas Viney Butler
• Stephanie Roth Haberle as Alice Kincaid
• Bart Hansard as Hilliard
• Erin Blake Clanton as Polly
• David Patrick Kellyas Earl Giddens
• Kristin Hall as Isabel
• Michael Harding as Reese Kincaid
• Taj Mahalas Dexter Speaks
• Muse Watsonas Parley Gentry
• Iris DeMentas Rose Gentry
• Rhoda Griffisas Clementine McFarland
• Steve Boles as Ambrose McFarland
• Taylor Hayes as Reverend Merriweather
• Josh Goforth as Will
• Don Pedi as Barn Band – Dulcimer
• Sheila Kay Adamsas Barn Band – Banjo
• Bobby McMillonas Singer at Barn Dance
• Hazel Dickensas Singer at Barn Dance
• Andrea Powell as Josie Moore
• Danny Nelsonas Uncle Cratis
• David Ducey as Postman Johnson
• Steven Sutherland as Cyrus Whittle
• Shawn Lindsayas Dancer at Barn Dance

Production

Producer Ellen Rigas invested $3 million inSongcatcherwhich her family borrowed as part of theAdelphia Communicationsfraud.

Inspiration and historical accuracy

While the film's producers portray the movie as a work of fiction and include the standard "any similarity to actual persons, living or dead, or to actual events is purely coincidental" disclaimer in the film's credits, virtually all commentators agree that the basic story—stripped of its romantic and post-modern trappings—is inspired by real events, and follows quite closely the song collecting activities ofOlive Dame Campbell(1882–1954) in the southernAppalachiansfrom 1909 onwards,although with some differences, presumably inserted for dramatic effect: the real Olive Dame Campbell was not a professional musicologist or college professor (Betty Smith, in a 2003 review of the movie, points out that those characteristics instead echo those ofDorothy Scarborough,who visited the mountains in search of folksongs in 1930);Campbell made her transcriptions without the aid of a recording machine; and she already had a husband, the educator and social reformerJohn Charles Campbellat the time of her collecting, which was in fact initially a spin-off of a 1909 trip funded by a grant from the recently establishedRussell Sage Foundationto enable John to study the area's social and cultural conditions in hopes of improving their school systems.Nevertheless, the concept of ballads collected by "Lily Penleric" closely parallels those collected by Campbell (whose exposure to this particular seam of song commenced with hearing "Barbara Allen" sung by a "Miss Ada B. Smith" atHindman Schoolin Knott County, Kentucky)and ultimately, passed toCecil Sharp( "Cyrus Whittle" in the film) for his interest, although their first in-person meeting (arranged at Campbell's behest) occurred in suburban Massachusetts in 1915, not on the slopes of an Appalachian mountain. Interestingly, despite the disclaimer in the movie credits mentioned above, the sentence "The filmmakers gratefully acknowledge the work of Olive Dame Campbell and Cecil J. Sharp" does also occur as a separate acknowledgment therein. Following his 1915 meeting with Campbell, at which she showed him her collection of over 200 ballads, Sharp (together with his assistantMaud Karpeles) planned and carried out his own song collecting expeditions in Appalachia, which occurred over the period 1916–1918.

The results of Campbell and Sharp's respective work were ultimately made publicly available in a groundbreaking 1917 publication "English Folk Songs from Southern Appalachia"which exposed for the first time the persistence of such folk songs, of Scotch-Irish origin, in the repertoires of the residents of the remote Appalachian mountains, and whose effects have resonated through the succeeding years into the folk song revival of the 1950s to the present day; in addition, performers such asMary Jane Queen,whom Greenwald consulted when researching the film and on whom the character of Viney Butler was based,lived until 2007, having received a number of awards for her continued folk heritage activities. (Queen was born in 1914, later than when the fictional events are set, thus to be strictly chronological the character would overlap more with the lifespans of her mother or grandmother, who were also noted local musicians).

Betty Smith, whose review of the movie is mentioned above, states that the character Alice Kincaid, the poor woman with the philandering husband whose artwork Lily appreciates and finds buyers for, is "surely" modelled afterEmma Bell Miles,an Appalachian mountain resident who lived in poor circumstances with a large family who found some local fame as a writer, poet, and artist before dying of tuberculosis at the age of 39.Smith goes on to note that the actual watercolors attributed to Alice in the movie were created by Appalachian artist Elizabeth Ellison of Bryson City, who also worked on the set.

Soundtrack

Songcatcher: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture
Soundtrack albumby various artists
Released	January 23, 2001
Genre	Country Film score
Label	Vanguard
Producer	David Mansfield

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	link

The film's score was written byDavid Mansfield,who also assembled a roster of femalecountry musicartists to perform mostly traditionalmountain ballads.Some of the songs are contemporary arrangements, and some are played in the traditional Appalachian music style. The artists includeRosanne Cash,Emmylou Harris,Maria McKee,Dolly Parton,Gillian WelchandPatty Loveless.SingersEmmy Rossum,Iris DeMent,andHazel Dickens,who appeared in the film, are also featured on the soundtrack.

The soundtrack album inspired the 2002 follow-up album byVanguard Records,Songcatcher II: The Tradition That Inspired the Movie,that compiled recordings of some of the songs selected for the film as performed by authentic Appalachian artists. The recordings are mostly from the 1960s, out of the Vanguard vaults.

Track listing

1. "Fair and Tender Ladies" (Traditional, performed byRosanne Cash) – 2:56
2. "Pretty Saro"(Traditional, performed byIris DeMent) – 2:54
3. "When Love Is New" (Composed and performed byDolly Parton) – 5:16
4. "Barbara Allen"(Traditional, performed byEmmy Rossum) – 0:43
5. "Barbara Allen" (Traditional, performed byEmmylou Harris) – 4:35
6. "Moonshiner" (Traditional, performed byAllison Moorer) – 3:34
7. "Sounds of Loneliness" (Composed by Patty Ramey, performed byPatty Loveless) – 3:44
8. "All My Tears" (Composed and performed byJulie Miller) – 3:11
9. "Mary of the Wild Moor" (Traditional, performed bySara Evans) – 3:51
10. "Wayfaring Stranger(Traditional,Maria McKee) – 3:24
11. "Wind and Rain"(Traditional, performed byGillian WelchandDavid Rawlings) – 3:25
12. "The Cuckoo Bird"(Traditional, performed byDeana Carter) – 3:33
13. "Score Suite # 1" (Composed byDavid Mansfield) – 5:01
14. "Conversation With Death" (Traditional, performed byHazel Dickens) – 3:01
15. "Score Suite # 2" (Composed byDavid Mansfield) – 4:58
16. "Single Girl" (Traditional, performed byPat Carroll) – 1:04

Chart performance

Chart (2001)	Peak position
U.S.BillboardTop Country Albums	42
U.S.BillboardTop Independent Albums	31

Reception

The review aggregation websiteRotten Tomatoesreported a 74% approval rating with an average rating of 6.34/10 based on 88 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "The story may be a bit too melodramatic, but great performances abound in Songcatcher. The real reason to see the movie, however, is the hypnotic music."Metacriticassigned a score of 63 out of 100, based on 27 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Accolades

It was nominated for twoIndependent Spirit Awards.

See also

• Folk music
• Alan Lomax
• Loraine Wyman– a popular songcatcher of the same historical period
• Anthology of American Folk Music
• Folk music revival

Further reading

• Dorothy Scarborough,A Song Catcher in Southern Mountains: American Folk Songs of British Ancestry.New York: Columbia University Press, 1937.

External links

• SongcatcheratAllMovie
• SongcatcheratIMDb
• SongcatcheratRotten Tomatoes