Stanisław Jan Dziwisz(Polish pronunciation:[staˈɲiswavˈdʑiviʂ];[1]born 27 April 1939) is a Polishprelateof theCatholic Church.He served asMetropolitan Archbishop of Krakówfrom 2005 until 2016. He was created acardinalin 2006. He was a long-time and influential aide toPope John Paul II,a friend ofPope Benedict XVI,and an ardent supporter of John Paul II'sbeatification.[2]
Stanisław Dziwisz | |
|---|---|
| Cardinal, Metropolitan Archbishop Emeritus of Kraków | |
 Stanisław Dziwisz (2018) | |
| Archdiocese | Kraków |
| See | Kraków |
| Appointed | 3 June 2005 |
| Installed | 27 August 2005 |
| Term ended | 8 December 2016 |
| Predecessor | Franciszek Macharski |
| Successor | Marek Jędraszewski |
| Other post(s) | Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria del Popolo(2006-) |
| Previous post(s) |
|
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 23 June 1963 byKarol Wojtyła |
| Consecration | 19 March 1998 byPope John Paul II |
| Created cardinal | 24 March 2006 byPope Benedict XVI |
| Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Stanisław Dziwisz 27 April 1939 |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Denomination | Catholic Church |
| Motto | Sursum corda( "Lift up your hearts" ) |
| Coat of arms |  |
Early life, ordination, and priesthood
editStanisław Jan Dziwisz[3]was born in the village ofRaba Wyżnato Stanisław Dziwisz, a railroad worker, and his wife, Zofia Bielarczyk.[4]The fifth of seven children, he has four brothers and two sisters.[5]DuringWorld War II,the family hid a Jewish man in their house.[5]When the younger Stanisław was only nine, his father died after being struck by a train while crossing the railroad tracks.[5]He attended the classical Secondary School (Liceum) inNowy Targ,passing the exam of maturity in 1957.[6]
Dziwisz then entered the MajorSeminaryof Kraków, where he completed his studies in philosophy andtheology.[6]On 23 June 1963, he wasordainedto the priesthood for theArchdiocese of Krakówby itsauxiliary bishop,BishopKarol Wojtyła.[7]His first assignment was as acurateat a parish inMaków Podhalański,where he served for two years.[8]He then continued his studies at the Faculty of Theology of Kraków, specializing inliturgyand earning aLicentiate of Sacred Theologyin 1967.[6]In October 1966, he was appointed by Archbishop Wojtyła, who had been elevated toArchbishop of Kraków,to serve as his personal secretary. Dziwisz remained in this position until Wojtyła's death in 2005.[9]
In addition to his duties as personal secretary, Dziwisz served as professor of liturgy at the Superior Catechetical Institute in Kraków, editor of the official newspaper of the archdiocesancuria,member and secretary of the Archdiocesan Liturgical Commission, and a member of thePresbyteral Council.[8]He also participated in the work of the Committee for theHoly Year(1974–1975) and of the PastoralSynodof Kraków (1972–1978).[6]
Dziwisz accompanied Wojtyła to thepapal conclave of August 1978,which electedPope John Paul I.[5]Following the death of John Paul I thirty-three days later, he and Wojtyła returned for thenext conclave,which elected Wojtyła as Pope John Paul II. Dziwisz was appointed his principal private secretary and served in that capacity throughout John Paul's 27-year pontificate.
In 1981 he earned aDoctor of Sacred Theologydegree from the Faculty of Theology of Kraków, with a thesis entitled "The Cult ofSaint Stanislaus,Bishop of Kraków, until theCouncil of Trent".[5]
Dziwisz was appointedtitular bishopofSan Leoneand joint head of the Prefecture of the Papal Household on 7 February 1998. He was consecrated a bishop on 19 March of that year by Pope John Paul II with co-consecratorsCardinal Secretary of StateAngelo Cardinal Sodanoand Cardinal-Archbishop of KrakówFranciszek Cardinal Macharski.John Paul elevated Dziwisz to the rank of archbishop on 29 September 2003.[10]
In 2004, Dziwisz appeared to be the source of a quote fromJohn Paul endorsingthe filmThe Passion of the Christ,which required clarification from Vatican officials because the pope never makes such endorsements.[11][12]
Death of John Paul II
edit
As the Vatican denied the pope's health was getting worse, the Roman newspaperIl Messaggeroreported that Dziwisz had told a priest, "Pray for the pope, because he's getting worse."[13]On 31 March 2005 Dziwisz administered theAnointing of the Sickto him. Before the death of John Paul II, Dziwisz was reported to have helped him write a message to his staff not to grieve, that he (John Paul) was happy and that they should be too.[citation needed]In 2013, Dziwisz said that Pope John Paul II had not resigned because of his failing health because he believed "you cannot come down from the cross".[14]
When John Paul died on 2 April 2005, Dziwisz was at his bedside. According to rules created by John Paul, Dziwisz packed his belongings and vacated the papal apartments before they were sealed by theCamerlengo.During the Requiem Mass for John Paul on 8 April, Dziwisz had the honour of placing a white silk veil over the face of the Pope before the body was lowered into three separate caskets.[citation needed]It was his last act of service as papal secretary. He was one of the few people Pope John Paul mentioned in his will, writing: "and I thank him for his help and collaboration, so understanding for so many years".[15]
Metropolitan Archbishop of Krakow and cardinal
editOn 3 June 2005 Benedict XVI appointed Dziwisz to succeedCardinal MacharskiasMetropolitan Archbishop of Kraków.[16]
| Styles of Stanisław Dziwisz | |
|---|---|
| |
| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
| See | Kraków |
At theconsistoryof 24 March 2006 Dziwisz was raised to the rank ofcardinal,becomingCardinal-PriestofSanta Maria del Popolo.Dziwisz had earlier been mentioned as the possible cardinal createdin pectoreby John Paul II in 2003, but the identity of that person remained unknown at John Paul's death.[17]
On 6 May 2006 Pope Benedict named Dziwisz to be a member of theCongregation for Catholic Educationand thePontifical Council for Social Communications.[18]
On 26 May 2010, Dziwisz was awarded the Cardinal Bea Interfaith Award of theAnti-Defamation League.Abraham Foxman, its president, said: "Cardinal Dziwisz is a valued friend to the Jewish people and someone I know I can trust and turn to in moments of tension or controversy." Dziwisz replied:[19]
As the Bishop of Krakow, I would like to assure all of you that the Catholic Church in Poland wants to follow the example of Pope John Paul II, and courageously uncover and reject everything which makes the life of the Polish Catholics depart from the Gospel. For this reason, we note with shame that despite the unambiguous teachings of recent Popes on the appropriate attitudes of Catholics to Jews, many among us have not been able to overcome prejudices, inveterate resentments and harmful stereotypes.
In 2012 Dziwisz, as part of a broader trip, visited parishes with a significant Polish presence in theArchdiocese of Newark,New Jersey,in the United States.[20]
Dziwisz participated in the papal conclave in March 2013 that electedPope Francis.[21]
On 8 December 2016, Pope Francis accepted Dziwisz' resignation as Archbishop of Kraków and namedMarek Jędraszewski,Archbishop of Łódź, to succeed him.[22]On 27 April 2019 Dziwisz reached 80 years of age and became ineligible to vote in a papal conclave.
Maciel and Groër involvement
editDziwisz supported Roman Catholic priestMarcial Maciel Degolladoof Mexico, the founder of theLegion of Christand theRegnum Christimovement. Author Jason Berry wrote that Maciel spent years cultivating Vatican support by funneling money to the Vatican. Under Maciel, theLegion of Christsteered streams of money through Dziwisz to the pope and the Vatican, sums that were designated for use in relation to the pope's private Masses in the Apostolic Palace.[23]Late in Maciel's life, he was revealed to have abused boys and fathered up to six children, two of whom he allegedly abused, with at least two women.
Dziwisz was instrumental in blocking an investigation into allegations of child abuse against the late Benedictine CardinalHans Hermann Groër,archbishop of Vienna.[citation needed]Groer, who died in 2003, headed the Vienna archdiocese and presided over the influential Austrian episcopal conference. Groer, who always denied wrongdoing, was praised by Pope John Paul II as a faithful servant.[24]The Roman Catholic bishops of Austria, however, were of a different opinion. On the occasion of theirad liminavisit to Rome in 1998, the Austrian bishops informed the Pope that they, as a college of bishops, had reached moral certainty that the allegations against Cardinal Groer had a basis in truth.[25]
Post-retirement
editIn November 2020, Polish news channelTVN24aired a documentary alleging that while Dziwisz was archbishop he failed to investigate allegations of sex abuse. A Vatican investigation by CardinalAngelo Bagnascocleared Dziwisz of wrongdoing in 2022.[26][27]
Writings
edit- A Life with Karol,Doubleday,2008.ISBN978-0-385-52374-5.
References
edit- ^In isolation,Stanisławis pronounced[staˈɲiswaf].
- ^Israely, Jeff (10 June 2002)."The Man Behind the Pope".Time.Archived fromthe originalon 14 April 2008.
- ^"POSTANOWIENIE NR REJ. 36/2017 PREZYDENTA RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ POLSKIEJ"(PDF).prawo.sejm.gov.pl.Retrieved17 November2020.
- ^Pietrzak, Michał (2011).Kronika Parafii Raba Wyżna T. I, 1835–1993.Kraków: Raba Wyżna. pp. 245–248.
- ^abcdeDziwisz, Stanislaw (2008).A Life With Karol: My Forty-Year Friendship with the Man Who Became Pope.Doubleday.ISBN9780385523745.
- ^abcd"DZIWISZ, Stanisław".The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church.
- ^"Stanisław Cardinal Dziwisz".The Hierarchy of the Catholic Church.
- ^ab"KS. KARDYNAŁ STANISŁAW DZIWISZ".Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kraków.Archived fromthe originalon 5 March 2012.Retrieved19 April2010.
- ^"Dziwisz Card. Stanisław".Holy See Press Office.Archivedfrom the original on 4 September 2017.Retrieved22 November2017.
- ^"Rinunce e Nomine, 29.09.2003"(Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 29 September 2003.Retrieved23 April2019.
- ^Waldmeir, John (2009).Cathedrals of Bone: The Role of the Body in Contemporary Catholic Literature.Fordham University Press. p. 147.ISBN9780823230624.Retrieved30 August2017.
- ^"Vatican issues official statement onThe Passion of the Christ".Catholic News Agency. 22 January 2004.Retrieved30 August2017.
- ^"Fresh fears over Pope's health".News 24.22 March 2005.Retrieved30 August2017.
- ^Pullella, Philip (11 February 2013)."Pope's sudden resignation sends shockwaves through Church".PR Newswire.Retrieved29 August2017.
- ^"Testament of the Holy Father John Paul II".The Holy See.Retrieved8 December2013.
- ^"Rinunce e Nomine, 03.06.2005"(Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 3 June 2005.Retrieved23 April2019.
- ^Boudreaux, Richard (7 April 2005)."Mystery Cardinal Will Never Be Able to Join Peers".Los Angeles Times.Retrieved18 November2016.
- ^"Rinunce e Nomine, 06.05.2006"(Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 6 May 2006.Retrieved23 April2019.
- ^"ADL Honors Polish Catholic Leader With Cardinal Bea Interfaith Award"(Press release). Anti-Defamation League. 27 May 2010.Retrieved29 August2017.
- ^McNab, Matthew (6 July 2012)."Polish Cardinal Dziwisz celebrates Mass in Bayonne, gives church a relic of Pope John Paul II".NJ.Retrieved9 December2016.
- ^"List of Cardinal Electors".Zenit.12 March 2013.Retrieved23 April2019.
- ^"Pope Francis names new Archbishop for Krakow".Vatican Radio. 8 December 2016.Retrieved8 December2016.
- ^"Money paved way for Maciel's influence in the Vatican".National Catholic Reporter.6 April 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 11 February 2019.Retrieved16 October2020.
- ^NULL (24 March 2003)."Austrian Cardinal Hans Gröer Dies".ZENIT – English.Retrieved16 October2020.
- ^Catholic World News,1 August 2004.Retrieved: 2016-04-09.
- ^""Don Stanislao". The Other Face of Cardinal Dziwisz ".TVN24.18 November 2020.Retrieved22 June2022.
- ^Brockhaus, Hannah (22 April 2022)."Vatican clears Cardinal Stanisław Dziwisz of negligence in Polish abuse cases".Catholic News Agency.Retrieved22 June2022.
Further reading
edit- Michał Pietrzak (oprac.),Kronika Parafii Raba Wyżna T. I, 1835–1993,Kraków – Raba Wyżna 2011.
- T. Chmura,Z Raby Wyżnej przez Kraków na Watykan. Curriculum Vitae księdza biskupa Stanisława Dziwisza,[w:] „Analecta Cracoviesnia "XXX – XXXI 1998 – 1999, s. 9 – 22.
- Gmina Raba Wyżna,zebrał i oprac. E. Siarka, Kraków – Michałowice 2004.
External links
edit
- "Dziwisz Card. Stanisław".Holy See Press Office.Archivedfrom the original on 4 September 2017.Retrieved22 November2017.
- "Stanisław Cardinal Dziwisz".Catholic Hierarchy.[self-published]