Statesman(dialogue)

TheStatesman(Ancient Greek:Πολιτικός,Politikós;Latin:Politicus^[1]), also known by itsLatintitle,Politicus,is aSocratic dialoguewritten byPlato.The text depicts a conversation amongSocrates,the mathematicianTheodorus,another person namedSocrates(referred to as "Socrates the Younger" ), and an unnamed philosopher fromEleareferred to as "the Stranger" (ξένος,xénos). It is ostensibly an attempt to arrive at a definition of "statesman," as opposed to "sophist"or"philosopher"and is presented as following the action of theSophist.

TheSophisthad begun with the question of whether the sophist, statesman, and philosopher were one or three, leading theEleaticStranger to argue that they were three but that this could only be ascertained through full accounts of each (Sophist217b). But though Plato has his characters give accounts of the sophist and statesman in their respective dialogues, it is most likely that he never wrote a dialogue about the philosopher.^[2]

The dialogue begins immediately after theSophistends, with Socrates (the elder) and Theodorus briefly reflecting on the discussion before the Eleatic Stranger proposes to begin a dialectical investigation with Socrates the Younger into the nature of the statesman. The Eleatic Stranger and Socrates the Younger resume using themethod of divisionemployed in theSophist,pausing to reflect on dialectical methods and amythsimilar to themyth of ages.^[3]The interlocutors ultimately offer a complicated account of the statesman through a version of division that entails accounting for the object of inquiry 'by carving at the joints' like a 'sacrificial animal' (Statesman287b-c).^[3]

Interpretations

According toJohn M. Cooper,the dialogue was intended to clarify that to rule or havepolitical powercalled for a specialized knowledge.^[4]The statesman was one who possesses this special knowledge of how to rule justly and well and to have the best interests of the citizens at heart. It is presented thatpoliticsshould be run by this knowledge, orgnosis.This claim runs counter to those who, the Stranger points out, actually did rule. Those that rule merely give the appearance of such knowledge, but in the end are really sophists or imitators. For, as the Stranger maintains, a sophist is one who does not know the right thing to do, but only appears to others as someone who does. The Stranger's ideal of how one arrives at this knowledge of power is through social divisions. The Stranger takes great pains to be very specific about where and why the divisions are needed in order to rule the citizenry properly.

Texts and translations

Greek text atPerseus
Plato: Statesman, Philebus, Ion.Greek with translation by Harold N. Fowler and W. R. M. Lamb. Loeb Classical Library 164. Harvard Univ. Press (originally published 1925).ISBN 978-0674991828 HUP listing
Fowler translation atPerseus
Jowett translation with introduction atStandardEbooks
Plato.Opera,volume I. Oxford Classical Texts.ISBN 978-0198145691
Plato.Complete Works.Ed. J. M. Cooper and D. S. Hutchinson. Hackett, 1997.ISBN 978-0872203495

References

^Henri Estienne(ed.),Platonis opera quae extant omnia,Vol. 2, 1578,p. 250.
^Mary Louise Gill,Philosophos: Plato's Missing Dialogue,Oxford University Press, 2012.
^^a ^bMitchell Miller,The Philosopher in Plato'sStatesman, Parmenides Publishing, 2004.
^Cooperand Hutchinson (1997). "Introduction toPolitikos".

External links

Works related toStatesmanat Wikisource
Quotations related toStatesman (dialogue)at Wikiquote
Statesman,in a collection of Plato's DialoguesatStandard Ebooks
Statesman,english translation by Benjamin Jowettpublic domain audiobook atLibriVox

[1] Henri Estienne(ed.),Platonis opera quae extant omnia,Vol. 2, 1578,p. 250.

[2] Mary Louise Gill,Philosophos: Plato's Missing Dialogue,Oxford University Press, 2012.

[miller-3] Mitchell Miller,The Philosopher in Plato'sStatesman, Parmenides Publishing, 2004.

[4] Cooperand Hutchinson (1997). "Introduction toPolitikos".

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