Wikipedia

Steny Hoyer

Steny Hamilton Hoyer(/ˈstɛniˈhɔɪər/STEN-eeHOY-ər;born June 14, 1939) is an American politician and retired attorney who has served as theU.S. representativeforMaryland's 5th congressional districtsince 1981. He also served asHouse Majority Leaderfrom 2007 to 2011 and again from 2019 to 2023. Hoyer first attained office through a special election on May 19, 1981. As of 2023, he is in his 22nd House term. His district includes a large swath of rural and suburban territory southeast ofWashington, D.C.Hoyer is the dean of theMaryland congressional delegationand the mostsenior Democrat in the House.[2]

Steny Hoyer
Official portrait, 2019
House Majority Leader
In office
January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2023
SpeakerNancy Pelosi
WhipJim Clyburn
Preceded byKevin McCarthy
Succeeded bySteve Scalise
In office
January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2011
SpeakerNancy Pelosi
WhipJim Clyburn
Preceded byJohn Boehner
Succeeded byEric Cantor
House Minority Whip
In office
January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2019
LeaderNancy Pelosi
Preceded byEric Cantor
Succeeded bySteve Scalise
In office
January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007
LeaderNancy Pelosi
Preceded byNancy Pelosi
Succeeded byRoy Blunt
Chair of the House Democratic Caucus
In office
June 21, 1989 – January 3, 1995
LeaderTom Foley
Preceded byWilliam H. Gray III
Succeeded byVic Fazio
Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus
In office
January 3, 1989 – June 21, 1989
LeaderJim Wright
Preceded byMary Rose Oakar
Succeeded byVic Fazio
Member of theU.S. House of Representatives
fromMaryland's5thdistrict
Incumbent
Assumed office
May 19, 1981
Preceded byGladys Spellman
President of the Maryland Senate
In office
January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1978
Preceded byWilliam S. James
Succeeded byJames Clark Jr.
Member of theMaryland Senate
from the 26th district
In office
January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1978
Preceded byConstituency established
Succeeded byMike Donovan
Member of theMaryland Senate
from the 4C district
In office
January 1967 – January 1975
Preceded byconstituency established
Succeeded byconstituency abolished
Personal details
Born
Steny Hamilton Hoyer

(1939-06-14)June 14, 1939(age 85)
New York City, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse(s)
Judith Pickett
​
​
(m.1961; died 1997)​
[1]
Elaine Kamarck
​
(m.2023)​
Children3
Residence(s)Mechanicsville, Maryland,U.S.
EducationUniversity of Maryland, College Park(BA)
Georgetown University(JD)
Profession
  • Politician
  • lawyer
Signature
WebsiteHouse website
Steny Hoyer's voice
Hoyer honors Mitch King, a retiring government relations manager for theUnited States Postal Service
Recorded April 22, 2009

From 2003 to 2023, Hoyer was the second-ranking Democrat in the House of Representatives behindNancy Pelosi.He is a two-timeHouse majority leader,having served in the post from 2007 to 2011 underSpeakerPelosi.[3][4]During two periods of Republican House control (2003–2007 and 2011–2019), Hoyer served asHouse minority whip,both times under Minority Leader Pelosi. Following the2018 midterm electionsin which the Democrats took control of the House, Hoyer was reelected majority leader in 2019 for the116th Congress;he remained the number two House Democrat behind Speaker Pelosi. He announced on November 17, 2022, that he, along with Pelosi, would not seek a leadership position in the 118th Congress, though he would remain a member of the House.[5][6]

Early life and education

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Hoyer was born inNew York Citybut grew up inMitchellville, Maryland,the son of Jean (née Baldwin) and Steen Theilgaard Høyer. His father was Danish and a native ofCopenhagen;"Steny" is a variant of his father's name, "Steen".[7]His mother was an American with Scottish, German, and English ancestry and a descendant ofJohn Hart,a signer of theUS Declaration of Independence.[8]

Steny Hoyer graduated fromSuitland High SchoolinSuitland, Maryland.In 1963, Hoyer received his B.A. degreemagna cum laudeand graduatedOmicron Delta Kappafrom theUniversity of Maryland, College Park.He was a member of theSigma Chifraternity.[9]He earned hisJ.D.degree fromGeorgetown University Law Centerin 1966.[9]

Early political career

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From 1962 to 1966, Hoyer was a member of the staff of U.S. SenatorDaniel Brewster;also on Brewster's staff at that time wasNancy Pelosi.[10]

In 1966, Hoyer won a newly created seat in theMaryland State Senate,representingPrince George's County–based Senate district 4C.[11]The district, created in the aftermath ofReynolds v. Sims,was renumbered as the 26th in 1975,[9][12]the same year that Hoyer was electedpresident of the Maryland State Senate,the youngest in state history.[13]

From 1969 to 1971, Hoyer served as the first vice president of theYoung Democrats of America.[14]

In 1978, Hoyer sought the Democratic nomination forlieutenant governor of Marylandas the running mate of then acting GovernorBlair Lee III,but lost toSamuel Bogley,37%–34%.[15]The same year, Hoyer was appointed to the Maryland Board of Higher Education, a position he held until 1981.[9]

U.S. House of Representatives

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Congressional portrait of Hoyer, circa 1981
Hoyer in 2007 asHouse Majority Leader
Hoyer speaks during thesecond dayof the2008 Democratic National ConventioninDenver,Colorado.
Hoyer withBarbara Mikulskipresenting a photo toQueen Elizabeth IIandPrince PhilipinGreenbelt, Maryland

Elections

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Fifth district CongresswomanGladys Spellmanfell into a coma shortly before the 1980 election. She was reelected, but it soon became apparent that she would never regain consciousness, and Congress declared her seat vacant by resolution in February 1981. Hoyer narrowly won a crowded seven-way Democraticprimary,beating Spellman's husband, Reuben, by only 1,600 votes. He defeated a better-fundedRepublican,BowieMayor[16]Audrey Scott, in the May 19special election.56%–44%, earning himself the nickname "boy wonder".[17][18][19]In the 1982 general election, Hoyer was reelected to a full term with 80% of the vote.[20]He has faced only one relatively close contest since then, when he defeated futureGovernor of MarylandLarry Hoganwith 53% of the vote in 1992.[21]His second-lowest margin of victory was his 1996 race against Republican State DelegateJohn Morgan,when he received 57% of the vote.[22]Hoyer has been reelected 14 times with no substantive opposition and is the longest-serving House member ever from Maryland.[13]

Tenure

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Domestic issues

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Hoyer supports and has led theMake It In Americaplan linking the domestic manufacturing industry and overall U.S. economic success.[23]

Hoyer ispro-choiceonabortion rights.[24]He voted against thePartial-Birth Abortion Ban Actin 2003. (However, at the height of national polarization after theSupreme Court'sintention to overturnRoe v. Wadeleaked,Hoyer controversially endorsed a pro-life incumbent House member over his pro-choiceprimarychallenger.[25]) Hoyer supportsaffirmative actionandLGBT rights.He is rated "F" by theNRA Political Victory Fund,indicating that he tends to vote in favor ofgun control.[26][27][28]

In 2008, Hoyer said he opposed providing immunity to telecom companies, but then negotiated a bill, which SenatorsPatrick LeahyandRuss Feingoldcalled a "capitulation", that would provide immunity to any telecom company[29]that had been told by theGeorge W. Bushadministration that its actions were legal.[30][31][32]"No matter how they spin it, this is still immunity", saidKevin Bankston,a senior lawyer for theElectronic Frontier Foundation,aprivacy rightsgroup that sued over Bush's wiretapping program. "It's not compromise, it's pure theater."[33]

In June 2010, Hoyer brought up the idea that Congress could temporarily extend middle-class tax cuts set to expire at the end of the year, suggesting that making them permanent would cost too much. President Obama wanted to extend them permanently for people making less than $200,000 a year and families making less than $250,000.[34]

Hoyer voted against the impeachment of PresidentBill Clintonin 1999. In 2019 and 2021, Hoyer voted to impeach PresidentDonald Trump.[35]

In February 2021, Hoyer made a speech in Congress that has been viewed online more than two million times, criticizing a Facebook post by U.S. RepresentativeMarjorie Taylor Greene.The post featured a gun-toting Greene next to three members of the "Squad" —RepresentativesIlhan Omar,Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez,andRashida Tlaib—with the caption "Democrats' Worst Nightmare". In his speech, Hoyer compared Greene's words with those of RepresentativeSteve King,who was removed from the Judiciary and Agriculture Committees in 2019 after comments he made toThe New York Timesquestioning why white supremacy was considered offensive. Hoyer said that, in both posts, Greene had promoted baseless conspiracy theories far more offensive and incendiary than the comment that led Republicans to strip King of his committee roles. He asked his colleagues on both sides of the aisle to "do the decent thing" and strip Greene of her committee roles. The vote succeeded, with 11 Republicans joining Democrats to pass the motion to remove.[36]

Foreign issues

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Hoyer supports civilian nuclear cooperation with India.[37]

Hoyer initially supported theIraq Warand was recognized by the DLC for his vocal leadership on this issue. After the war became publicly unpopular, he said he favored a "responsible redeployment".[38]But he repeatedly supported legislation to continue funding the war without deadlines for troop withdrawal, most recently in return for increased funding of domestic projects.[39]

Hoyer is a supporter of Israel, and has often been allied withAmerican Israel Public Affairs Committee(AIPAC). In September 2007, he criticized RepresentativeJim Moranfor suggesting that AIPAC "has pushed [the Iraq] war from the beginning", calling the comment "factually inaccurate".[40]In January 2017, he voted for a House resolution condemningUN Security Council Resolution 2334,which calledIsraeli settlement buildingin the occupiedPalestinian territoriesa flagrant violation of international law and a major obstacle to peace.[41]

Hoyer supported President Trump's decision torecognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital.[42]In 2023, he voted with an overwhelming bipartisan majority to provide Israel with whatever support is necessary in the "barbaric war" in Gaza started by Hamas and other terrorists following the2023 Hamas attack on Israelon October 7.[43][44]

Hoyer has said that a nuclear Iran is "unacceptable" and that the use of force remains an option.[45]

In January 2019, Hoyer opposed Trump's planned withdrawal ofU.S. troops from SyriaandAfghanistanas "impulsive, irresponsible, and dangerous".[46]He supports former PresidentObama's call for authorizing limited but decisive military action in response to the Assad regime's alleged use of chemical weapons.

Hoyer is a former chair of theCommission on Security and Cooperation in Europe.

Legislation

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On February 28, 2014, Hoyer introduced the billto amend the National Law Enforcement Museum Act to extend the termination date (H.R. 4120; 113th Congress).[47]The bill would extend until November 9, 2016, the authority of the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund, a nonprofit organization, to construct a museum on federal lands in theDistrict of Columbiahonoring law enforcement officers.[48]

Fundraising

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Hoyer is a prolific fundraiser for House Democrats. He has been the top giver to fellow party members in the House. In the 2008 election cycle, he contributed more than $1 million to the party and individual candidates as of July 14, 2008.[49]

Party leadership

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Then-PresidentGeorge W. Bushmeets with soon to be Speaker of the HouseNancy Pelosiand soon to be House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer on November 9, 2006.
Hoyer with PresidentDonald Trumpin 2019

Hoyer served as chair of theDemocratic Caucus,the fourth-ranking position among House Democrats, from 1989 to 1994; a former co-chair of the Democratic Steering Committee; and as the chief candidate recruiter for House Democrats from 1995 to 2000. He also served as Deputy MajorityWhipfrom 1987 to 1989.[9]

WhenDavid E. Boniorresigned as minority whip in early 2002, Hoyer ran in the race to succeed him but lost toNancy Pelosi.After the 2002 midterm elections, Pelosi ran to succeedDick Gephardtas minority leader, leaving the minority whip post open again.[50]On November 14, 2002, Hoyer's colleagues in the Democratic Caucus unanimously elected him minority whip, the second-highest-ranking position among House Democrats.[13]

Pelosi became theSpeaker of the Housein January 2007. Hoyer was elected by his colleagues to be House Majority Leader for the 110th Congress, defeatingJohn MurthaofPennsylvaniaby a vote of 149–86 within thecaucus,despite Pelosi's endorsement of Murtha.[3][51]Hoyer was the first Marylander to become Majority Leader[52]and became the highest-ranking federal lawmaker in Maryland history.[13]In this post, Hoyer was the House Democrats' floor leader and ranked second in the leadership, after the Speaker.

The day after the 2010 midterm elections, in which the Democrats lost control of the House, Hoyer had a private conversation with Pelosi and said he would not challenge her for minority leader.[53]He ran for minority whip, but was challenged by outgoing Majority WhipJim Clyburn(the top House Democrats wanted to remain in the leadership, but the minority party in the House has one less position). Hoyer is moderate while Pelosi and Clyburn are more liberal, and a significant number of Hoyer's would-be supporters in the House who were moderate and conservative Democrats had been defeated for reelection.[54][55][56]TheCongressional Black Caucusbacked Clyburn, while 30 House Democrats have supported Hoyer.[57][58]Hoyer received further support from outgoing Foreign Affairs Committee ChairmanHoward L. Berman,Financial Services Committee ChairmanBarney Frank,and outgoing Energy and Commerce Committee ChairmanHenry A. Waxman[59]Pelosi intervened in the contest by supporting Hoyer as Minority Whip, while creating an "Assistant Leader" position for Clyburn, which would keep him as the third-ranking Democrat in the House behind Pelosi and Hoyer (the existing "Assistant to the Leader" post formerly held byChris Van Hollenis not officially part of the House leadership and was directly appointed by the Minority Leader).[60][61]

Hoyer and theDemocratic Congressional Campaign Committee(DCCC) have been criticized for picking their preferred candidates through an undemocratic process. In 2018, it was reported that Hoyer sought to influence the primary race inColorado's 6th congressional district.He was recorded urging progressive candidateLevi Tillemannto drop out of the race. Hoyer acknowledged that the DCCC had already identified its preferred candidate and discouraged a candid discussion about his weaknesses.[62]On November 28, 2018, Hoyer was selected to return as House Majority Leader.[5][6]

Electoral history

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[63][64]

Year Office Election Subject Party Votes % Opponent Party Votes % Opponent Party Votes % Opponent Party Votes %
1981 Congress, 5th district Special Steny Hoyer Democratic 42,573 55.81 Audrey Scott Republican 33,708 44.19
1982 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 83,937 79.58 William Guthrie Republican 21,533 20.42
1984 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 116,310 72.18 John Ritchie Republican 44,839 27.82
1986 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 82,098 81.93 John Sellner Republican 18,102 18.07
1988 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 128,437 78.63 John Sellner Republican 34,909 21.37
1990 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 84,747 80.66 Lee Breuer Republican 20,314 19.34
1992 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 113,280 55.0 Larry J. Hogan, Jr. Republican 92,636 45.0
1994 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 98,821 58.81 Donald Devine Republican 69,211 41.19
1996 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 121,288 56.92 John S. Morgan Republican 91,806 43.08
1998 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 126,792 65.37 Robert Ostrom Republican 67,176 34.36
2000 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 166,231 65.09 Thomas Hutchins Republican 89,019 34.86
2002 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 137,903 69.27 Joseph Crawford Republican 60,758 30.52
2004 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 204,867 68.67 Brad Jewitt Republican 87,189 29.93 Bob Auerbach Green 4,224 1.42
2006 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 168,114 82.69 Steve Warner Green 33,464 16.46 Write Ins: P.Kuhnert and Other 635 1,110 0.86
2008 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 253,854 73.6 Collins Bailey Republican 82,631 24.0 Darlene Nicholas Libertarian 7,829 2.3
2010 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 143,620 64.3 Charles Lollar Republican 79,122 35.6 H. Gavin Shickle Libertarian 2,399 1.1
2012[65] Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 238,618 69.4 Tony O'Donnell Republican 95,271 27.7 Bob Auerbach Green 5,040 1.5 Arvin Vohra Libertarian 4,503 1.3
2014[66] Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 144,725 64.0 Chris Chafee Republican 80,752 35.7 Write-ins 563 0.2
2016[67] Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 242,989 67.4 Mark Arness Republican 105,931 29.4 Jason Summers Libertarian 11,078 3.1 Write-ins 606 0.2
2018 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 213,796 70.3 William Devine III Republican 82,361 27.1 Patrick Elder Green 4,082 1.3 Write-ins 279 0.1
2020[68] Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 274,210 68.8 Chris Palombi Republican 123,525 31.0 write-ins 1,104 0.3
2022 Congress, 5th district General Steny Hoyer Democratic 182,478 65.9 Chris Palombi Republican 94,000 33.9 write-ins 442 0.2

Personal life

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Hoyer has three daughters from his marriage to Judy Pickett Hoyer, who died of cancer in February 1997.[1]In June 2012, after Hoyer announced his support ofsame-sex marriage,his daughter Stefany Hoyer Hemmer came out as a lesbian in an interview with theWashington Blade.[69]A widower for 26 years, Hoyer married Elaine Kamarck, a Clinton administration official and the director of the Center for Effective Public Management at theBrookings Institution,in June 2023.[70][71]

Judy Hoyer was an advocate ofearly childhood education,and child development learning centers in Maryland have been named in her honor ( "Judy Centers" ).[72]She also suffered fromepilepsy,and theEpilepsy Foundation of Americasponsors an annual public lecture in her name.[73]Steny Hoyer, too, has been an advocate for research in this area, and in 2002 the Epilepsy Foundation gave him its Congressional Leadership Award.[74]

Hoyer serves on the board of trustees forSt. Mary's College of Maryland[9]and is a member of the board of theInternational Foundation for Electoral Systems,a nonprofit that supports international elections.[75]He is also an Advisory Board Member for theCenter for the Study of Democracy.[76]

Hoyer is a member of a Baptist church.[77]

On August 13, 2024 it was reported that Hoyer suffered a mild stroke.[78]

References

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Maryland Senate
New constituency Member of theMaryland Senate
from the 4C district
1967–1975 		Constituency abolished
New constituency Member of theMaryland Senate
from the 26th district
1975–1978 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by President of the Maryland Senate
1975–1978 		Succeeded by
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of theU.S. House of Representatives
fromMaryland's 5th congressional district
1981–present 		Incumbent
Preceded by Chair of theJoint Helsinki Commission
1987–1989 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chair of theJoint Helsinki Commission
1991–1993
Preceded by Ranking Member of theHouse Administration Committee
1999–2003 		Succeeded by
Preceded by House Minority Whip
2003–2007 		Succeeded by
Preceded by House Majority Leader
2007–2011 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Eric Cantor
 House Minority Whip
2011–2019 		Succeeded by
Preceded by House Majority Leader
2019–2023
Party political offices
Preceded by Vice Chair of the House Democratic Conference
1989 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chair of the House Democratic Conference
1989–1995
Honorary titles
Preceded by Most seniorDemocratin theU.S. House of Representatives
2017–present 		Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence(ceremonial)
Preceded by United States representatives by seniority
3rd 		Succeeded by
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