Wikipedia

Styx (band)

This article is about the American rock band. For other uses, seeStyx (disambiguation).

Styx(/ˈstɪks/) is an Americanrockband formed inChicago,Illinois,in 1972. They are known for blending melodichard rockguitar with acoustic guitar,synthesizersmixed withacoustic piano,upbeat tracks withpower ballads,and incorporating elements of internationalmusical theatre.[6]The band established themselves with aprogressive rocksound during the 1970s, and began to incorporatepop rockandsoft rockelements in the 1980s.

Styx
Styx in 2017. L-R: Lawrence Gowan, Ricky Phillips, Todd Sucherman, James "JY" Young, and Tommy Shaw
Styx in 2017. L-R:Lawrence Gowan,Ricky Phillips,Todd Sucherman,James "JY" Young,andTommy Shaw
Background information
OriginChicago,Illinois,U.S.
Genres
DiscographyStyx discography
Years active
  • 1972–1984
  • 1990–1992
  • 1995–present
Labels
Members
Past members
Websitestyxworld

The original line-up comprisedDennis DeYoung,James "J.Y." Young,John "J.C." Curulewskiand brothersChuckandJohn Panozzo.Debuting withStyxin 1972, the band usually released an album every year throughout the 1970s.Styx II(1973) had the sleeper hit "Lady",a power ballad, which reached No. 6 in the US, helping the album make the top 20." Lady "was also a top 20 hit in Canada, Australia and New Zealand.Equinox(1975) andCrystal Ball(1976) reached the US top 70 withEquinoxfeaturing "Lorelei",a No. 6 hit in Canada.Crystal Ballwas the first album withTommy Shaw,who replaced Curulewski in late 1975.

Styx's commercial breakthrough in Northern Europe came withThe Grand Illusion(1977), which peaked at No. 6 in both the US and Canada, and became the first of four straight multi-platinum albums in the US for Styx. It featured the single "Come Sail Away",a top 10 hit in both countries. The band's follow-up,Pieces of Eight(1978), was another No. 6 hit in the US, but peaked higher in Canada due to the top 10 hits "Renegade"and"Blue Collar Man (Long Nights)".In 1979, Styx'sCornerstonewent to No. 2 in both countries on the strength of the cross-border No. 1 hit ballad "Babe".The album became their breakthrough album in Australia and New Zealand, with" Babe "peaking at No. 3." Babe "was a No. 6 hit in the UK, andCornerstonecharted at No. 36.

In 1981, Styx'sParadise Theatrewas a No. 1 album in the US and Canada, while also reaching the top 10 in Scandinavia and the UK (their biggest album there) and the top 30 in Australia and New Zealand. "The Best of Times"from the album reached No. 1 in Canada, No. 3 in the US, and the top 30 in several other countries, while"Too Much Time on My Hands"was also a top 10 hit in North America.Kilroy Was Here(1983) was Styx's last major hit album, reaching the top 3 in North America and the top 10 in Scandinavia, although it was less successful elsewhere. Its lead single, "Mr. Roboto",became Styx's third chart-topper in Canada, was a No. 3 hit in the US, and was their biggest hit in Germany (No. 8). After a six-year break, Styx returned withEdge of the Century(1990), which reached No. 63 in the US with its single, "Show Me the Way",becoming a top 3 hit in North America in early 1991.[7]

Overall, Styx had eight songs that hit the top 10 on the USBillboardHot 100,as well as 16 top 40 singles. Seven of their eight top 10 singles were written and sung by founding member and lead singer Dennis DeYoung, who has not been part of the band since 1999. Styx sold over 20 million records for A&M between their signing in 1975 and 1984.[8]

History

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Band formation and the Wooden Nickel Years (1961–1974)

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In August 1961, at 12 years of age, twin brothersChuck(guitar) andJohn Panozzo(drums) first played music together with their 14-year-old neighborDennis DeYoungwho played accordion and sang, while living in theRoseland, Chicagoarea,[9]eventually using the band name The Tradewinds. Chuck left to attendseminaryfor a year but returned to the group by 1964. Tom Nardini had been brought in to replace Chuck Panozzo on guitar, so he decided to play bass when he returned to the band. John Panozzo was the drummer, while DeYoung had switched from accordion to keyboards. In 1965, the Tradewinds name was changed to TW4 (There Were 4)[10]after another band,the Trade Winds,achieved fame nationally. By 1966, the Panozzo brothers had joined DeYoung atChicago State Collegeand kept the group together by performing at high schools and fraternity parties while studying to be teachers. In 1969 they added a college friend, folk guitaristJohn Curulewski,after Nardini departed. Hard rock guitaristJames "J.Y." Youngcame aboard in 1970, making TW4 a quintet.[10][11][12][13]

In 1972 the band members decided to choose a new name when they signed toWooden Nickel Recordsafter being spotted by a talent scout at a concert at St. John of the Cross Parish inWestern Springs, Illinois(Young's hometown). Several suggestions were made and, according to DeYoung, the name Styx was chosen because it was "the only one that none of us hated."[14]

The band released four albums with Wooden Nickel:Styx(1972),Styx II(1973),The Serpent Is Rising(1973), andMan of Miracles(1974). These albums contained straight-ahead rockers mixed with prog rock flourish with a lot of guitars, drums, keyboards, percussion, and vocal solos. They established a fan base in theChicagoarea, but were unable to break into the mainstream, though the song "Best Thing" fromStyxcharted on September 16, 1972, and stayed on theBillboardHot 100 chart for 6 weeks, peaking at No. 82.[10]Then, thepower ballad"Lady"(fromStyx II), began to earn some radio time, first onWLSin Chicago in 1974[15]and then nationwide. In the spring of 1975, nearly two years after the album had been released, "Lady" hit No. 6 in the US, andStyx IIwent gold soon after. "Lady" is considered by many classic rock critics as being the first power ballad with Dennis DeYoung being referred to as the "father of the power ballad".[16]With the success of "Lady," a follow-up single on Styx II, "You Need Love", was re-released, but only barely cracked the hot 100.

Early A&M Years and addition of Tommy Shaw (1975–1978)

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On the heels of its belated hit single, Styx signed withA&M Recordsand releasedEquinox(1975), which sold well and yielded a minor hit in "Lorelei",which reached No. 27 in the U.S. More importantly, it contained the rock anthem"Suite Madame Blue",which gained the band considerable recognition and airplay onFM radioin the relatively-newAlbum Oriented Rock(AOR) format. Following the move to A&M, guitaristJohn Curulewskisuddenly left the band as they were to embark on a nationwide tour in December 1975, due to his desire to spend time with his family. After a frantic last-minute search, the band brought in guitaristTommy Shawas Curulewski's replacement.[10]

Crystal Ball(1976), the first album to feature Shaw, was moderately successful, but was overall a disappointment, failing to achieve the sales of its predecessor. The album showcased the band's newest member, as Shaw's "Mademoiselle"reached No. 36.

Styx's seventh album,The Grand Illusion,was released on July 7, 1977, and became their breakthrough album, reachingTriple Platinumcertification.It spawned a top-ten hit and AOR radio staple in theDeYoung-written "Come Sail Away",which reached No. 8 in 1978. Shaw's"Fooling Yourself (The Angry Young Man)"was a second radio hit and reached No. 29 the same year.

Through the late 1970s and early 1980s, the band enjoyed its greatest success. Their 1978 albumPieces of Eightfound the group moving in a more straight-ahead hard-rock direction and spawned three Shaw sung hit singles "Renegade"(No. 16 in the US) and"Blue Collar Man (Long Nights)"(No. 21 in the US), plus"Sing for the Day"that reached No. 41.[citation needed]

1980s and Superstardom

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Their 1979 albumCornerstoneyielded their first No. 1 hit, the DeYoung ballad "Babe".By early 1980," Babe "had become the band's biggest international hit and first million-selling single, reaching No. 6 in the United Kingdom.[17]The album also included the No. 26 DeYoung hit upbeat "Why Me"and the rocker"Borrowed Time"(U.S. No. 64), which was co-written with Shaw, plus Shaw's folksy"Boat on the River"(1980), which was a hit in much of Europe and Japan. The popularity of the album, which reached No. 2 on theBillboard200,helped win the band aPeople's Choice Awardfor Best New Song in 1980. At the22nd Grammy Awards,Styx was a nominee forBest Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or GroupandCornerstone's engineersGary Loizzoand Rob Kingsland were nominated for a Grammy for Best Engineered Recording. The band was also named the most popular rock band in the U.S. in the 1980 year end Gallup Poll.[18]

With the success of "Babe," DeYoung's push for a more mainstream direction gained momentum, while Shaw and Young favored a more rock oriented approach. This arguing over musical direction led to ongoing tension in early 1980 after Shaw objected to the ballad "First Time" being released as the second single fromCornerstone.Although the song was generating substantial airplay in some major markets, A&M pulled the plug on the single's official release, replacing it with "Why Me". The argument resulted in DeYoung being briefly fired. However, things were quickly smoothed over.[19]While “First Time” did not chart in the U.S. (because it was not released), it became a huge hit single in the Philippines in 1981.

In January 1981, Styx releasedParadise Theatre,aconcept albumthat became their biggest hit, reaching No. 1 on theBillboardpop albums chart and yielding five singles, including the top ten hits "The Best of Times"by DeYoung (No. 3 Billboard, No. 1 Radio & Records) and"Too Much Time on My Hands"by Shaw (No. 9), his only top 10 single as a member of the band.Paradise Theatrebecame the band's fourth consecutivemulti-platinumalbum. Based on yet another Dennis DeYoung concept, the Paradise Theatre was a historic Chicago theatre that had been built in the 20s only to fall on hard times and close a mere 30 years after it opened. DeYoung used the Paradise as a metaphor for the United States in the late 1970s/early 1980s.

An ambitious year long world tour commenced in 1981 in support of the album and was one of the top-grossing tours of the year. The tour had numerous Broadway and movie infused elements, including a dramatic opening featuring a theatre sweep and DeYoung by himself next to a player piano and the show ending with traditional movie credits. Throughout the tour and throughout the 1980s and beyond, the band would open their shows with "Rockin' the Paradise",the opening track fromParadise Theatrewhich charted at No. 8 on the Top Rocks Track Chart and aired on theMTVcable channel.[citation needed]

The band was accused by aCaliforniareligious group and later theParents Music Resource CenterofbackmaskingSatanicmessages in their anti-cocaineanthem, "Snowblind".[10][20]James "JY" Younghas denied this charge during his introduction for "Snowblind" when played live.Dennis DeYounghas denied the accusation as well, joking on theIn the Studio with Redbeardprogram "we had enough trouble to make the music sound right forward." Also, Young quotes, "If we were going to put some message in our songs, we would have put it so it was in the song forward. Not so you would have to buy some $400 tape recorder to hear it."

Kilroy Was Hereand first disbandment (1983–1984)

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Styx in a 1983 publicity shot

The band continued to follow DeYoung's lead with their next project,Kilroy Was Here(1983), another more fully realized concept album, embracing therock operaform. It is set in a future where performing and playing rock music has been outlawed due to the efforts of a charismatic evangelist, Dr. Everett Righteous, played by James "JY" Young.Kilroy Was Herefeatured DeYoung in the part of Kilroy, an unjustly imprisoned rock star. Tommy Shaw played the part of Jonathan Chance, a younger rocker who fights for Kilroy's freedom and the lifting of the ban on rock music. This future society is served by robots. Called Robotos, these automatons perform many jobs and several serve as Kilroy's prison guards.[citation needed]

Part of the impetus for the Kilroy story was the band's reaction to thebackmaskingaccusation.[10]The album included Young's song "Heavy Metal Poisoning",which includes lyrics sarcastically mocking the allegations against the group. Its introduction intentionally included a backward message, the Latin phrases," annuit coeptis "and" novus ordo seclorum ", from the reverse side of theGreat Seal of the United States.Referring to theUnited States Declaration of Independencein 1776, these are translated, "Annuit cœptis- He (God) favors our undertakings, andNovus ordo seclorum- A new order of the ages. "[21]Both choices also served the Kilroy story because the villain is an evangelist that seeks to expand his Vision of Morality movement via mass demonstrations.

The albumKilroy Was HerewentPlatinumin 1983, boasting two Top Ten hits written and sung by DeYoung, thesynthesizer-based "Mr. Roboto"(No. 3 US) and power ballad"Don't Let It End"(No. 6 US). The album earned a nomination as Best Engineered Recording for engineer and long-time friendGary Loizzoand fellow engineers on the album Will Rascati and Rob Kingsland, for the 26th Grammy Awards (1983).[22]

In 1983 the band mounted an ambitious stage show in support ofKilroy Was Here[10]featuring theatrical presentations of three songs utilizing instrumental backing tracks, including "Mr. Roboto", which featured DeYoung singing live while disguised as a Roboto, "Heavy Metal Poisoning" with Young as the evangelist Dr. Righteous singing while the Panozzo brothers acted as his henchmen on stage and "Haven't We Been Here Before" with Shaw as Jonathan Chance and DeYoung (as Kilroy in Roboto costume) duetting. The elaborate show was expensive to produce and was not as profitable as previous tours.

Kilroy Was Herebrought the creative and competitive tensions within the band beyond the breaking point; this was further exacerbated following the band's performance of theKilroyshow at that year'sTexxas Jam,an all day, multi-band rock festival held at theCotton Bowlin Dallas. While most of the other acts on the bill, in comparison, put forth their "hardest rockers" the theatrics of theKilroyshow were not well received and they were basically booed off the stage. A disillusioned Shaw departed the band for a solo career at the conclusion of the tour.

In 1984 the band released its first live album,Caught in the Act.The project featured one studio track, "Music Time",which became a Top 40 hit. The concert was also filmed and released on VHS under the same title (and on DVD in 2007). By the time of the album's release, they had already parted ways.[citation needed]

Reformation,Edge of the Century,second disbandment and reformation (1990–1996)

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After the group members began discussing a reunion in the late '80s, this was delayed due to DeYoung's recording and the release of his solo album,Boomchild,which got pushed back to February 1989. Styx finally reformed in 1990, bringing inGlen Burtnikas a new guitarist since Shaw was by then committed toDamn Yankees.[23]

The new line-up released one album,Edge of the Century,featuring the Dennis DeYoung ballad "Show Me the Way",which received an additional boost just prior to the firstPersian Gulf War.Some radio stations edited the Top Three hit to include the voices of children, whose parents were deployed in Saudi Arabia between 1990 and 1991. The song went all the way to No. 3 on both theHot 100and atAdult Contemporaryradio and notably remained in the top 40 for 23 weeks and AC for 31 weeks.[7]With the huge success of the song "Show Me the Way", Styx joined a handful of musical acts to have top 10 singles in three decades and under four different presidential administrations.

A follow-up single, “Love At First Sight",peaked at No. 25 on theHot 100and No. 13 on theAdult Contemporarychart.[7]

Styx toured across the US in the spring and summer of 1991 but their success was short-lived as they were dropped in 1992 after A&M Records was purchased byPolyGram Records,ending an over-fifteen-year relationship.

The band reunited once again in 1995, with guitarist Tommy Shaw returning to the fold to re-record "Lady" forStyx Greatest Hits.Session drummer Todd Sucherman filled in for John Panozzo, who was unable to participate due to liver problems caused by years of excessivedrinking,which eventually claimed his life the following year on July 16.[24]

The 1996 "Return to Paradise" tour, with Sucherman as a full member, was successful. The reunion tour was documented with a two-disc live set, 1997'sReturn to Paradise,which featured three new studio tracks: "On My Way", "Paradise" (a soft rock ballad that also appears in another version on Dennis DeYoung's 1996The Hunchback of Notre Damealbum), and "Dear John", a tribute to the late Panozzo that has become a cult favorite among Styx fans. Later on, the concert was documented on DVD. TheReturn to Paradisealbum was a surprise success in 1997, achieving gold status and the single “Paradise” briefly charting on the Adult Contemporary chart at No. 27. Following the release of the album, Styx embarked on another tour, this one to mark the 20th anniversary ofThe Grand Illusion.[citation needed]

Brave New Worldand departure of DeYoung (1999–2000)

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Two years later, in 1999, the band released its first new studio album in almost a decade:Brave New World.But then, due to illness, DeYoung was unable to commit to touring, so he was replaced by Lawrence Gowan, a classically trained pianist, who had achieved platinum success as a solo act onSony Canada.[25]Gowan's 1985 solo hit "A Criminal Mind"was incorporated into their tourset listand was still performed into the 2010s.[26]

Bassist Chuck Panozzo was sidelined in 1999 due to health problems related to his battle withHIV/AIDS.His public "coming out" occurred in 2001 at the annualHuman Rights Campaignbanquet, with James "JY" Young in attendance for support.[27]

On June 6, 1999, the group reunited briefly to perform for theChildren's Miracle NetworkTelethon as DeYoung's final performance with the band. Glen Burtnik filled in for Chuck Panozzo on bass.[citation needed]

On June 9, 2000, Styx appeared withREO Speedwagonat theRiverport Amphitheatre.A 2-CD recording of the concert was released asArch Allies: Live at Riverport,with one disc of each band's set and both discs concluding with performances of the two bands collaborating on jam versions of Styx's "Blue Collar Man" and REO's "Roll with the Changes".Each band also released their set as a separate album, with additional tracks: Styx's version wasAt the River's Edge: Live in St. Louis.[citation needed]

CycloramaandBig Bang Theory(2003–2009)

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Styx performing in 2009

Styx's new lineup released several live albums and released the studio albumCycloramain February 2003, which reached No. 127 on theBillboard200 album charts. A single "Waiting for Our Time" hit No. 37 on theBillboardmainstream rock chart for 1 week. Styx toured extensively during this period and released additional live albums. Styx also was part of the Super Bowl pre game entertainment in San Diego prior to the Oakland Raiders vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers. They played a short set in the parking lot, as well as on the field right before the game, playingQueen's "We Are the Champions".[citation needed]

Burtnik left Styx in September 2003, to spend time with his family and to pursue a solo career and release the albumWelcome to Hollywood.He was replaced byRicky Phillips,formerly ofthe BabysandBad English.Panozzo remains in the band but is featured in concerts playing bass on about four songs, including a duet with Lawrence Gowan. Burtnik would go on to join up with DeYoung for numerous tour dates over the next several years.[citation needed]

On June 5, 2004, Styx participated in Eric Clapton'sCrossroads Guitar Festivalcovering songs byJimi Hendrix,B.B. King,andSlim HarpowithJeff Baxteras a special guest.[28]

In 2005, Styx released an album of cover tunes,Big Bang Theory,which reached theBillboardTop 50 on the album charts, their highest-charting album since 1990. Their version ofthe Beatlessong "I Am the Walrus"received some radio play, and a video was made for the song.

As of April 21, 2006, according to theRIAA,which awards artists and groups gold/platinum status, Styx ranks number 127 with 17.5 million records sold within the United States.[29]The blurb on Amazon about Panozzo's bookThe Grand Illusion: Love, Lies, and My Life with Styxstates that Styx has sold over 54 million albums.

Continued touring,The Mission,andCrash of the Crown(2010–present)

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On February 21, 2010, the current incarnation of the band performed before theSprint CupAuto Club 500InFontana, California.In a North American tour beginning in May 2010, Styx was a co-headliner of United in Rock withForeignerand special guestsKansas.[30]In July 2010, Styx announced the forthcoming release ofRegeneration: Volume 1,a new release featuring six re-recorded hits and a new song entitled "Difference in the World".[31]This coincided with "The Grand Illusion / Pieces of Eight Tour", on which both albums were played in their entirety.[32]

In November 2010 Styx announced that they would be filming their concert in Memphis on November 9 for a DVD.[33]The landmark concert was recorded at the historic Orpheum Theater, where Styx performed both of their classic albums, 1977'sThe Grand Illusionand 1978'sPieces of Eight.[34]They also announced that they'd be touring the UK with Journey and Foreigner for five dates in June 2011.[35]

In early April 2011, it was announced that Styx would join up withYesfor a "Progressive US Tour" that began on July 4, 2011, with Los Angeles-based singer/songwriter Shane Alexander opening. On December 15, 2011, they participated in the figure skating show Improv-Ice, which was broadcast on television January 15, 2012.[36]On January 26, 2013, thePalladiaChannel premiered the concert filmed in November 2010.[34]On November 22, 2013, they announced a benefit concert withREO Speedwagontitled "Rock to the Rescue" to raise money for the affected families of the tornado in central Illinois.

The summer of 2014 found the band back on the road in a new touring package calledSoundtrack of Summer,with Foreigner and ex-EagleDon Felder.Styx's 2015 summer tour saw them re-uniting with Def Leppard. Along withTesla,the groups played outdoor venues across the United States. In 2016, Styx announced a series of performances to be held at theVenetianin Las Vegas in early 2017 with Felder.[37]

In February 2017, it was announced that Styx andREO Speedwagonwould join forces in a tour entitled "United We Rock" with special guest Felder, which was in large concert venues throughout the US. On April 21, 2017, Styx announced a studio album entitledThe Mission,simultaneously releasing the single "Gone Gone Gone".[38]The album was released on June 16, 2017, and is a concept album about a mission to Mars.[39][40]

On April 7, 2021, Styx announced via social media that they would be releasing an EP titledThe Same Stardust EP,which would feature two new tracks, as well as some live recordings. The EP was released on vinyl on June 12, 2021, exclusively in indie record stores as a part of RSD Drops for Record Store Day 2021. This is the first Styx release to use their original band logo sinceThe Complete Wooden Nickel Recordingsin 2005.[citation needed]

From April 30, 2021, through May 5, 2021, Styx posted artwork on social media that included a countdown in the corner that would eventually lead to the revealing of their new albumCrash of the Crown,revealed on May 6, 2021. With the reveal, they released the album's title track on streaming platforms. The Prog Report reviewed the album saying it "stands as one of the very finest in their catalogue."[41]

Despite positive reviews,Crash of the Crowncharted for only one week on the Billboard 200, peaking at 114.[42]

After first producingThe MissionandCrash of the Crownand joining Styx on stage inLas Vegasto playThe Missionin its entirety on January 23, 2019, guitaristWill Evankovichjoined Styx for their 2021 summer tour that found them back on the road.[43]

On June 5, 2022, Styx was inducted into the Illinois Rock & Roll Museum Hall of Fame. That same night Dennis DeYoung was additionally inducted as a songwriter.[44]

On March 20, 2024, it was announced via social media that Ricky Phillips would be leaving the band to spend more time at home and away from the road.[45]On March 22, 2024, Lawrence Gowan's younger brother Terry debuted as the new touring bass player for Styx at their show in Wallingford, CT.[46]On May 17 he was announced as an official member.[47]

Band members

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Timeline

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Discography

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Main article:Styx discography

Studio albums

Consecutive multi-platinum albums

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From 1977 to 1981, Styx released four consecutive albums that have been certified Multi-Platinum, for at least 2 million units sold apiece, by theRIAA:The Grand Illusion(1977),Pieces of Eight(1978),Cornerstone(1979) andParadise Theatre(1981).[48]

A longstanding, oft-repeated claim in the music industry and the mainstream press is that Styx was the first band to release four consecutiveTriple-Platinum albums, signifying at least 3 million units sold.[35][49][50][51][52][53]During the period when these albums charted, the RIAA's only certifications were for Gold (500,000 units sold) and Platinum (1 million). Multi-Platinum awards were introduced in late October 1984.[54]Following this development, record companies submitted their most popular artists' sales records to accountants in order to achieve the new thresholds. Styx did score three Triple-Platinum albums—The Grand Illusion(1977),Pieces of Eight(1978) andParadise Theatre(1981)—and one Double-Platinum album—Cornerstone(1979)—on the same date, November 14, 1984. Complete and detailed historical sales figures for record albums are not readily available to the public, but the certifications, which can be found at the RIAA site, show that the feat the band actually achieved was being the first group to be awarded four consecutive Multi-Platinum albums with three of those ranking better than Double Platinum. Styx achieved another Double-Platinum album—Greatest Hits (Volume I)—on August 23, 2005.

See also

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References

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  2. ^Knowles, Christopher (2010).The Secret History of Rock 'n' Roll.Viva Editions. p.111.ISBN978-1573444057.
  3. ^abPrato, Greg."Styx – Artist Biography".AllMusic.RetrievedSeptember 15,2017.
  4. ^Buckley, Peter (2003).The Rough Guide to Rock.Rough Guides. p. 550.ISBN9781843531050.
  5. ^Talevski, Nick (2006).Rock Obituaries - Knocking On Heaven's Door.Omnibus Press.p. 482.ISBN978-1846090912.
  6. ^"Home - Styx World".Styx World.
  7. ^abc"Styx - Biography, Music & News".Billboard.
  8. ^Pfenninger, Leslie J."Styx | On A&M Records".Onamrecords.
  9. ^Dennis DeYoung interview on 'Behind the Vinyl'(boom 97.3 Toronto, uploaded Jun 7, 2016)
  10. ^abcdefgClark, Dick (March 29, 1983). "Styx and stones...".Times-News.
  11. ^Panozzo, Chuck (2007).The Grand Illusion: Love, Lies, and My Life With Styx.AMACOM. p.57.ISBN978-0814409169.
  12. ^Whitaker, Sterling (2007).The Grand Delusion: The Unauthorized True Story of Styx.BookSurge Publishing. p. 16.ISBN978-1419653537.
  13. ^Mayne, Mya (April 22, 1986)."His band breaks up temporarily, but James Young 'Styx' to music career".Observer-Reporter.RetrievedJuly 14,2013.
  14. ^"In Sickness and in health, Styx take no prisoners on their romp to the top".Circus(50). December 11, 1979.
  15. ^Childers, Scott (2008).Chicago's WLS Radio (Images of America: Illinois).Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. p. 87.ISBN9780738561943.
  16. ^Professor of Rock (August 25, 2020)."Dennis DeYoung on Story of Styx 70s Hit Lady | Revelations | Professor of Rock".Archivedfrom the original on December 11, 2021 – via YouTube.
  17. ^"everyHit - UK Top 40 Chart Archive, British Singles & Album Charts".Everyhit.RetrievedMarch 28,2010.
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  19. ^VHI Behind the Music Remastered
  20. ^"Wazzontv".January 10, 2016. Archived fromthe originalon January 10, 2016.
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  25. ^Waddell, Ray (August 4, 2001). "Touring like never before".Billboard.Vol. 113, no. 31. p. S8.
  26. ^Go, Justin (July 10, 2012)."Styx singer Lawrence Gowan aka Karaoke Larry is still a strange animal".National Post.Archived fromthe originalon October 5, 2014.Retrieved4 October2014.
  27. ^Panozzo, Chuck (2007). The Grand Illusion: Love, Lies, and My Life With Styx. AMACOM,2007, p. 185.
  28. ^"Crossroads Guitar Festival: June 4–6, 2004: Dallas, TX".zrock.Archived fromthe originalon November 4, 2010.RetrievedMarch 28,2010.
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  30. ^"Foreigner, Styx and Kansas United in Rock Tour".Antimusic.RetrievedApril 1,2011.
  31. ^"STYX Re-Record Six Songs for New Album, Brand New Song Available for Free Download".Bravewords.RetrievedApril 1,2011.
  32. ^"STYX to Launch The Grand Illusion / Pieces of Eight Tour Performing Both Album in Their Entirety; EP of Re-Recorded Classics/ New Track for Sale at Shows".Bravewords.RetrievedApril 1,2011.
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  43. ^Mettler, Mike."SoundBard – Keepin' It Styxy: My Exclusive Interview With Styx Producer Will Evankovich".Soundbard.RetrievedOctober 13,2021.
  44. ^"Illinois Rock & Roll Museum on Route 66".Roadtorock.org.RetrievedJuly 19,2022.
  45. ^"Facebook: Ricky Phillips announces his departure from Styx".Facebook.RetrievedApril 3,2024.
  46. ^"Styx Setlist at Toyota Presents the Oakdale Theatre, Wallingford".setlist.fm.RetrievedApril 3,2024.
  47. ^"STYX Announces TERRY GOWAN As New Bass Player".Blabbermouth.net.May 17, 2024.RetrievedMay 17,2024.
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  51. ^"Behind The Music: Styx | VSPOT Video Clips, Photos, Episodes and Online Message Boards from the Reality TV Show".VH1. Archived fromthe originalon February 10, 2003.RetrievedApril 1,2011.
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