Super Touring

For the New Zealand racing class and series active from 2012–2015, seeV8SuperTourer.

Super Touring,Class 2orClass IIwas amotor racingTouring Cars category defined by theFédération Internationale de l'Automobile(FIA) for nationaltouring car racingin 1993.It was based on the "2 litre Touring Car Formula" created for theBritish Touring Car Championship(BTCC) in 1990.The FIA organised aWorld Cupfor the category each year from 1993 to 1995, and adopted the term "Super Tourer" from 1995.

1996 Audi A4 Quattro BTCC

Super Touring replacedGroup Aas the norm in nearly every touring car championship across the world, but escalating costs, and the withdrawal ofworks teamscaused the category to collapse in the late 1990s because of the loosely regulated aerodynamics required the team to invest resources equivalent as a professional Formula 1 team, and the 8,500-rpm speed limit required the team to use extremely unusual construction in engine modifications to allow the engine to break through more than 300 horsepower.

An example for this was the GermanSuper Tourenwagen Cup(STW) series, which ran from 1994 to 1999, filling a void left after the end of the 2.5-litreV6-poweredDeutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft(DTM) in 1996. In 2000, theDeutsche Tourenwagen Masters(keeping the 'DTM' acronym) resumed with 4.0-litreV8-powered cars.

Regulations

Renault Laguna built to Super Touring regulations competing in the British Touring Car Championship

The Super Touring cars were required to be a minimum of 4.20 metres (13.8 ft) in length, with four doors, effectively requiring a small familysaloon caras a minimum. No more than 2 litres engine capacity, maximum of sixcylinderswere permitted, and the engine was required to be naturally aspirated. Only two wheels could be driven and steered.Forhomologation,initially at least 2500 units of the model used must have been produced. In 1995, in a bid to counter the increasing numbers of homologation specials, this number was increased to at least 25,000 units.

There was no restriction on body size and doors until 1993, when it was changed to only allow cars with a minimum of four doors and no smaller than theEuro NCAP'Small Family Car' class, although 'Large Family Car' tends to dominate the category. Until 1995, teams were only permitted to fit aerodynamic device that were available through dealers, but that changed when, in 1994 BTCC season,Alfa Romeoentered a155withGabriele TarquiniandGiampiero Simonias drivers. The car had a front spoiler with a bottom piece that could be unscrewed and moved forward, acting as a splitter, and a rear spoiler with a pair of extensions, giving the car more downforce. When Alfa Romeo won the first five rounds, Ford, supported by Vauxhall, made a complaint to the race stewards. TOCA soon decided the aero devices were illegal and Alfa Romeo were stripped of the points they earned at Snetterton and Silverstone (although this decision was later reversed by appeal) and in return, walked out from the Oulton Park race. After this, Alfa were forced to run their spoilers in the retracted position (the position in which the spoilers were fitted on the road going version, the Alfa 155 Silverstone – of which only 2,500 cars were homologated to allow the use of the aerodynamic devices and higher rev limits for a 1.8-litre car – though the road car was sold with two unfitted spoiler extension brackets). In the meantime, Renault and BMW responded by introducing their own limited edition road cars (Laguna Airflow and 318is, respectively) to enable them to run with oversized aerodynamic aids; Renault would win the Oulton Park race that Alfa Romeo had walked out. Soon after that, the FIA changed the regulation in all series to increase minimum number of produced road cars for homologation to 25,000, and allowing cars to only use non-production aerodynamic devices with a restricted size.

Restrictions varied depending on body type, withVolvohaving to revert from the850 Estateto their four-door saloon model the following season when they found themselves to be disadvantaged by the new rules. In the Italian Supertourismo category, teams entered extended spoilers without complaints.

Some series however, would change the rules to suit crowd demands and competition from rival series. One example was theJapanese Touring Car Championship(JTCC), which made increases to body width and exhaust noise while restricting front aerodynamic devices in 1997 (which allowed Toyota to use the largerToyota Chaser); it ultimately backfired when Nissan and Honda left the series at the end of the season, leaving Toyota as the only manufacturer that competed. In 1999, a new formula using spaceframe cars came to nothing, and the series was abandoned altogether, as by then Japan's big three all had works entries in the then-JGTC.

In Australia, the series began in 1993 when the Group A regulations for theAustralian Touring Car Championshipseries was replaced bySupercarsGroup 3A Formula (known as V8 Supercars from 1997 onwards) and Super Touring. The advent of a new management structure and telecast arrangement for V8 Supercars put them in conflict withBathurst 1000organisers. Super Touring were offered the chance to compete at Bathurst after race organisers could not come to terms with V8 Supercars. Bathurst City Council and V8 Supercars came to a separate arrangement to host their own breakaway "Australian 1000 Classic" race. Super Touring did not become a viable option, and the third and final race was transformed into a motorsport carnival, with several categories attending and the Super Touring event halved to 500 kilometres (310 mi), before collapsing in the aftermath of the 1999 race. In 2000, in the absence of a rival, the V8 Supercars event took up the Bathurst 1000 name.

During the Super Touring's long run, the category suffered two fatal accidents. In 1995,Gregg HansfordatPhillip Island,andKieth O'doratAvus,were involved in fatal accidents as a result of a broken neck caused by their cars' beinghit side-on.Soon after, rollcages in competition cars with built-in side impact bars, and seats with head restraints on the side would become mandatory.

One reason for Super Touring's demise was the cost of preparing a car for competition. In 1990, aVauxhall Cavaliercost £60,000. By the later part of the 90s a similar car with more sophisticated aerodynamics device and telemetry cost £250,000.

The laterWorld Touring Car ChampionshipSuper 2000regulations were inspired by the Super Touring regulations, with production-based four-doorsaloonspowered by 2.0-litre engines. Wider wheel arches are allowed, which makes the cars look sportier. Cars under Super 2000 regulations were cheaper than their predecessors, to which serious modifications had to be made to allow for wider tires, lower ride height and different suspension. As the width of Super 2000 cars does not need to be the same as that of the production models, development costs can be kept lower. Various national championships use similar rules.

Although it bears no resemblance to its predecessor, the "Super Touring" name was retained by theChampionnat de France de Supertourismefor their 3.0-litretube framecars.

List of Supertouring homologated cars

Country	Marque	Model	Type	No.	Start	End
Italy	Alfa Romeo	155	M.Y. 1994	ST-7	1 March 1994	31 December 2002
			M.Y. 1995	ST-9	1 March 1995	31 December 2003
		156	M.Y. 1997	ST-37	1 January 1998	1 January 1998
			M.Y. 1998	ST-43	1 November 1998	31 December 2005
Germany	Audi	80	B4	ST-6	1 March 1995	31 December 2003
		A4	B5 M.Y. 1995	ST-17	1 April 1995	31 December 2008
			B5 M.Y. 1996	ST-28	1 April 1996	31 December 2008
Germany	BMW	E36	318is	ST-8	1 March 1995	31 December 2004
United States	Chrysler	Stratus	base	ST-30	1 April 1996	31 December 2004
United Kingdom	Ford	Mondeo	Mk I 4Door	ST-19	1 April 1995	31 December 2002
			Mk I 5Door	ST-20	1 April 1995	31 December 2002
			Mk II 4Door M.Y. 1997	ST-34	1 March 1997	31 December 2004
			Mk III Zetec	ST-45	1 March 1999	31 December 2006
United Kingdom	Honda	Accord (fifth generation)	LS CC756	ST-1	1 March 1995	31 December 2002
		Accord (sixth generation)	LS CE856	ST-33	1 March 1997	31 December 2004
			CG	ST-46	1 March 1999	31 December 2006
Japan	Honda	Civic (fifth generation)	Ferio 4Door	ST-11	1 April 1995	31 December 2002
Japan	Mazda	Lantis	Coupe 2.0	ST-4	1 March 1995	31 December 2002
		Xedos 6	1.0	ST-5	1 March 1995	31 December 2002
Japan	Nissan	Primera	HP10	ST-21	1 April 1995	31 December 2002
			HP11	ST-29	1 April 1996	31 December 2006
		Pulsar	FN14	ST-10	1 April 1995	31 December 2006
		Sunny	FB14	ST-23	1 October 1995	31 December 2006
United Kingdom		Primera	P11	ST-48	1 January 2000	31 December 2006
Germany	Opel	Astra	F	ST-16	1 April 1995	31 December 2004
		Vectra		ST-27	1 December 1995	31 December 2006
			A	ST-15	1 April 1995	31 December 2004
			CD	ST-39	1 April 1998	31 December 2006
			GL Plus	ST-40	1 April 1998	31 December 2006
France	Peugeot	405	Signature	ST-13	1 April 1995	31 December 2003
		406		ST-31	1 April 1996	31 December 2003
			M.Y. 1998	ST-38	1 April 1998	31 December 2005
France	Renault	Laguna I	B56	ST-14	1 April 1995	31 December 2002
			B56 M.Y. 1998	ST-38	1 April 1998	31 December 2005
Spain	SEAT	Toledo	GT	ST-22	1 August 1995	31 December 2002
Japan	Toyota	Camry	SXV11	ST-26	1 January 1996	31 December 2005
		Carina E	ST191	ST-2	1 March 1995	31 December 2005
		Chaser	JZX100	ST-47	1 May 1999	31 December 2006
		Corolla	AE101	ST-3	1 January 1995	31 December 2002
			AE110	ST-25	1 January 1996	31 December 2003
			Liftback EE111 5Door	ST-42	1 July 1998	31 December 2006
		Corona EXiV	ST202	ST-24	1 October 1995	31 December 2005
Germany	Vauxhall	Vectra		ST-36	1 November 1997	31 December 2004
Sweden	Volvo	850	T5 Estate	ST-12	2 April 1995	1 January 2006
			T5 Sedan	ST-18	2 April 1995	1 January 2006
		S40		ST-32	2 January 1997	1 January 2006
			M.Y. 1999	ST-44	2 January 1999	1 January 2007

Statistics

Wins by manufacturer

The table includes wins from the four most competitive series that used Super Touring regulations:British Touring Car Championship(BTCC),Japanese Touring Car Championship(JTCC), GermanSuper Tourenwagen Cup(STW), andEuropean Super Touring Championship(Euro STC).

	Manufacturer	Total wins	BTCC wins	JTCC wins	STW wins	Euro STC wins
1	BMW	75	32	10	28	5
2	Honda	59	21	16	7	15
3	Opel/ Vauxhall	52	29	8	15	0
4	Audi	49	15	0	27	7
5	Renault	38	38	0	0	0
5	Nissan	38	25	10	2	1
7	Toyota	26	8	18	0	0
8	Alfa Romeo	22	9	0	1	12
9	Peugeot	21	0	0	21	0
9	Volvo	21	21	0	0	0
9	Ford	21	20	0	1	0

See also

• Group 2 (racing)
• Group A
• Class 1 Touring Cars
• Super 2000
• Diesel 2000
• TCR Touring Car
• BTC Touring
• Next Generation Touring Car

External links

• SuperTouring.co.uk– history of Super Touring
• SuperTouringRegister– archive of cars built to Super Touring regulations
• SuperTouringCars.net– Super Touring homepage with cars, facts, links, news, parts, photos
• Article 262 – Technical Regulations Super Touring Cars (Group ST)Archived4 October 2009 at theWayback Machine
• Supertcc– HSCC Super Touring Car Championship