Metropolitan statistical area

In theUnited States,ametropolitan statistical area(MSA) is ageographical regionwith a relatively highpopulation densityat itscoreand close economic ties throughout the region.^[1]^[2]Such regions are not legallyincorporated as a city or town would beand are not legaladministrative divisionslikecountiesor separate entities such asstates.As a result, sometimes the precise definition of a givenmetropolitan areawill vary between sources. The statistical criteria for a standard metropolitan area were defined in 1949 and redefined as a metropolitan statistical area in 1983.^[3]

Due to suburbanization, the typical metropolitan area is polycentric rather than being centered around a large historic core city such asNew York CityorChicago.^[4]Some metropolitan areas include more than one large historic core city; examples include theDallas–Fort Worth metroplex,Virginia Beach–Norfolk–Newport News (Hampton Roads),Riverside–San Bernardino (Inland Empire),andMinneapolis–Saint Paul (Twin Cities).

MSAs are defined by theOffice of Management and Budget(OMB), which is part of theExecutive Office of the President,and are used by theU.S. Census Bureauand otherU.S. federal governmentagencies for statistical purposes.^[5]

Definitions

An enlargeable map of the 939core-based statistical areas(CBSAs) of theUnited StatesandPuerto Ricoas of 2020; the 384 MSAs are shown in medium green.In 2023, OMB revised the delineations of these CBSAs.^[6]

The U.S.Office of Management and Budgetdefines a set ofcore based statistical areas(CBSAs) throughout the country, which are composed ofcounties and county equivalents.^[7]

CBSAs are delineated on the basis of a central contiguous area of relatively high population density, known as anurban area.The counties containing the core urban area are known as the "central counties" of the CBSA; these are defined as having at least 50% of their population living inurban areasof at least 10,000 in population.^[8]Additional surrounding counties, known as "outlying counties", can be included in the CBSA if these counties have strong social and economic ties to the central county or counties as measured bycommutingand employment. Outlying counties are included in the CBSA if 25% of the workers living in the county work in the central county or counties, or if 25% of the employment in the county is held by workers who live in the central county or counties.

Adjacent CBSAs are merged into a single CBSA when the central county or counties of one CBSA qualify as an outlying county or counties to the other CBSAs.^[8]One or more CBSAs may be grouped together or combined to form a larger statistical entity known as acombined statistical area(CSA) when the employment interchange measure (EIM) reaches 15% or more.

CBSAs are subdivided into MSAs (formed around urban areas of at least 50,000 in population) andmicropolitan statistical areas(μSAs), which are CBSAs built around an urban area of at least 10,000 in population but less than 50,000 in population. Some metropolitan areas may include multiple cities below 50,000 people, but combined have over 50,000 people.^[8]Previous terms that are no longer used to describe these regions include "standard metropolitan statistical area" (SMSA) and "primary metropolitan statistical area" (PMSA).^[9]

On January 19, 2021, OMB submitted a regulation for public comment that would increase the minimum population needed for an urban area population to be a metropolitan statistical area to be increased from 50,000 to 100,000.^[10]It ultimately decided to keep the minimum at 50,000 for the 2020 cycle.^[11]

On July 21, 2023, theOffice of Management and Budgetreleased revised delineations of the various CBSAs in the United States.^[6]

History

The Census Bureau created the metropolitan district for the1910 censusas a standardized classification for large urban centers and their surrounding areas. The original threshold for a metropolitan district was 200,000, but was lowered to 100,000 in 1930 and 50,000 in 1940.^[12]The metropolitan districts were replaced by standard metropolitan areas (SMAs) in the1950 census,which were defined by the Bureau of the Budget (now the Office of Management and Budget) and later renamed to standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMAs) in 1959.^[12]^[13]The modern metropolitan statistical area was created in 1983 amid a large increase in the number of eligible markets, which grew from 172 in 1950 to 288 in 1980;^[12]^[14]the core based statistical area (CBSA) was introduced in 2000 and defined in 2003 with a minimum population of 10,000 required for micropolitan areas and 50,000 for urban areas.^[12]^[13]

Rankings

The 387 MSAs in theUnited States,including those in all 50 states and the national capital ofWashington, D.C.are ranked, including:

The MSA rank by population as of July 1, 2023, as estimated by theUnited States Census Bureau^[15]
The MSA name as designated by theUnited States Office of Management and Budget^[16]
The MSA population as of July 1, 2023, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau^[15]
The MSA population as of April 1, 2020, as enumerated by the2020 United States census^[15]^[a]
The percent MSA population change from April 1, 2020, to July 1, 2023^[15]
Thecombined statistical area(CSA)^[17]if it is designated and the MSA is a component^[18]

The 387 metropolitan statistical areas of the United States^[15]
Metropolitan statistical area	2023 estimate	2020 census	% change	Encompassing combined statistical area
New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY-NJ MSA	19,498,249	20,081,935	−2.91%	New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, CA MSA	12,799,100	13,200,998	−3.04%	Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA CSA
Chicago–Naperville–Elgin, IL-IN MSA	9,262,825	9,449,351	−1.97%	Chicago–Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA
Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, TX MSA	8,100,037	7,637,387	+6.06%	Dallas–Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA
Houston–Pasadena–The Woodlands, TX MSA	7,510,253	7,149,642	+5.04%	Houston–Pasadena, TX CSA
Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA MSA	6,307,261	6,104,803	+3.32%	Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA
Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA	6,304,975	6,278,542	+0.42%	Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD MSA	6,246,160	6,245,051	+0.02%	Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Miami–Fort Lauderdale–West Palm Beach, FL MSA	6,183,199	6,138,333	+0.73%	Miami–Port St. Lucie–Fort Lauderdale, FL CSA
Phoenix–Mesa–Chandler, AZ MSA	5,070,110	4,845,832	+4.63%	Phoenix–Mesa, AZ CSA
Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA-NH MSA	4,919,179	4,941,632	−0.45%	Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA
Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario, CA MSA	4,688,053	4,599,839	+1.92%	Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA CSA
San Francisco–Oakland–Fremont, CA MSA	4,566,961	4,749,008	−3.83%	San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Detroit–Warren–Dearborn, MI MSA	4,342,304	4,392,041	−1.13%	Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor, MI CSA
Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue, WA MSA	4,044,837	4,018,762	+0.65%	Seattle–Tacoma, WA CSA
Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN-WI MSA	3,712,020	3,690,261	+0.59%	Minneapolis–St. Paul, MN-WI CSA
Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater, FL MSA	3,342,963	3,175,275	+5.28%
San Diego–Chula Vista–Carlsbad, CA MSA	3,269,973	3,298,634	−0.87%
Denver–Aurora–Centennial, CO MSA	3,005,131	2,963,821	+1.39%	Denver–Aurora–Greeley, CO CSA
Baltimore–Columbia–Towson, MD MSA	2,834,316	2,844,510	−0.36%	Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, FL MSA	2,817,933	2,673,376	+5.41%	Orlando–Lakeland–Deltona, FL CSA
Charlotte–Concord–Gastonia, NC-SC MSA	2,805,115	2,660,329	+5.44%	Charlotte–Concord, NC-SC CSA
St. Louis, MO-IL MSA	2,796,999	2,820,253	−0.82%	St. Louis–St. Charles–Farmington, MO-IL CSA
San Antonio–New Braunfels, TX MSA	2,703,999	2,558,143	+5.70%	San Antonio–New Braunfels–Kerrville, TX CSA
Portland–Vancouver–Hillsboro, OR-WA MSA	2,508,050	2,512,859	−0.19%	Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos, TX MSA	2,473,275	2,283,371	+8.32%
Pittsburgh, PA MSA	2,422,725	2,457,000	−1.39%	Pittsburgh–Weirton–Steubenville, PA-OH-WV CSA
Sacramento–Roseville–Folsom, CA MSA	2,420,608	2,397,382	+0.97%	Sacramento–Roseville, CA CSA
Las Vegas–Henderson–North Las Vegas, NV MSA	2,336,573	2,265,461	+3.14%	Las Vegas–Henderson, NV CSA
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN MSA	2,271,479	2,249,797	+0.96%	Cincinnati–Wilmington, OH-KY-IN CSA
Kansas City, MO-KS MSA	2,221,343	2,192,035	+1.34%	Kansas City–Overland Park–Kansas City, MO-KS CSA
Columbus, OH MSA	2,180,271	2,138,926	+1.93%	Columbus–Marion–Zanesville, OH CSA
Cleveland, OH MSA	2,158,932	2,185,825	−1.23%	Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH CSA
Indianapolis–Carmel–Greenwood, IN MSA	2,138,468	2,089,653	+2.34%	Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN CSA
Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN MSA	2,102,573	2,014,444	+4.37%	Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro, TN CSA
San Jose–Sunnyvale–Santa Clara, CA MSA	1,945,767	2,000,468	−2.73%	San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Virginia Beach–Chesapeake–Norfolk, VA-NC MSA	1,787,169	1,780,059	+0.40%	Virginia Beach–Chesapeake, VA-NC CSA
Jacksonville, FL MSA	1,713,240	1,605,848	+6.69%	Jacksonville–Kingsland–Palatka, FL-GA CSA
Providence–Warwick, RI-MA MSA	1,677,803	1,676,579	+0.07%	Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA
Milwaukee–Waukesha, WI MSA	1,560,424	1,574,731	−0.91%	Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha, WI CSA
Raleigh–Cary, NC MSA	1,509,231	1,413,982	+6.74%	Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC CSA
Oklahoma City, OK MSA	1,477,926	1,425,695	+3.66%	Oklahoma City–Shawnee, OK CSA
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN MSA	1,365,557	1,362,180	+0.25%	Louisville/Jefferson County–Elizabethtown, KY-IN CSA
Richmond, VA MSA	1,349,732	1,314,434	+2.69%
Memphis, TN-MS-AR MSA	1,335,674	1,345,425	−0.72%	Memphis–Clarksdale–Forrest City, TN-MS-AR CSA
Salt Lake City–Murray, UT MSA	1,267,864	1,257,936	+0.79%	Salt Lake City–Provo–Orem, UT CSA
Birmingham, AL MSA	1,184,290	1,180,631	+0.31%	Birmingham–Cullman–Talladega, AL CSA
Fresno, CA MSA	1,180,020	1,164,909	+1.30%	Fresno–Hanford–Corcoran, CA CSA
Grand Rapids–Wyoming–Kentwood, MI MSA	1,162,950	1,150,015	+1.12%	Grand Rapids–Wyoming, MI CSA
Buffalo–Cheektowaga, NY MSA	1,155,604	1,166,902	−0.97%	Buffalo–Cheektowaga–Olean, NY CSA
Hartford–West Hartford–East Hartford, CT MSA	1,151,543	1,150,473	+0.09%	New Haven–Hartford–Waterbury, CT CSA
Tucson, AZ MSA	1,063,162	1,043,433	+1.89%	Tucson–Nogales, AZ CSA
Rochester, NY MSA	1,052,087	1,065,361	−1.25%	Rochester–Batavia–Seneca Falls, NY CSA
Tulsa, OK MSA	1,044,757	1,015,331	+2.90%	Tulsa–Bartlesville–Muskogee, OK CSA
Urban Honolulu, HI MSA	989,408	1,016,508	−2.67%
Omaha, NE-IA MSA	983,969	967,604	+1.69%	Omaha–Fremont, NE-IA CSA
Greenville–Anderson–Greer, SC MSA	975,480	928,195	+5.09%	Greenville–Spartanburg–Anderson, SC CSA
New Orleans–Metairie, LA MSA	962,165	1,007,275	−4.48%	New Orleans–Metairie–Slidell, LA-MS CSA
Bridgeport–Stamford–Danbury, CT MSA	951,558	946,327	+0.55%	New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Knoxville, TN MSA	946,264	903,300	+4.76%	Knoxville–Morristown–Sevierville, TN CSA
Albuquerque, NM MSA	922,296	916,528	+0.63%	Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos, NM CSA
Bakersfield–Delano, CA MSA	913,820	909,235	+0.50%
North Port–Bradenton–Sarasota, FL MSA	910,108	833,716	+9.16%	North Port–Bradenton, FL CSA
Albany–Schenectady–Troy, NY MSA	904,682	899,262	+0.60%	Albany–Schenectady, NY CSA
McAllen–Edinburg–Mission, TX MSA	898,471	870,781	+3.18%	McAllen–Edinburg, TX CSA
Baton Rouge, LA MSA	873,661	870,569	+0.36%	Baton Rouge–Hammond, LA CSA
Allentown–Bethlehem–Easton, PA-NJ MSA	873,555	861,889	+1.35%	Allentown–Bethlehem–East Stroudsburg, PA-NJ CSA
El Paso, TX MSA	873,331	868,859	+0.51%	El Paso–Las Cruces, TX-NM CSA
Worcester, MA MSA	866,866	862,111	+0.55%	Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA
Columbia, SC MSA	858,302	829,470	+3.48%	Columbia–Sumter–Orangeburg, SC CSA
Charleston–North Charleston, SC MSA	849,417	799,636	+6.23%
Cape Coral–Fort Myers, FL MSA	834,573	760,822	+9.69%	Cape Coral–Fort Myers–Naples, FL CSA
Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura, CA MSA	829,590	843,843	−1.69%	Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA CSA
Boise City, ID MSA	824,657	764,718	+7.84%	Boise City–Mountain Home–Ontario, ID-OR CSA
Lakeland–Winter Haven, FL MSA	818,330	725,046	+12.87%	Orlando–Lakeland–Deltona, FL CSA
Dayton–Kettering–Beavercreek, OH MSA	814,363	814,049	+0.04%	Dayton–Springfield–Kettering, OH CSA
Stockton–Lodi, CA MSA	800,965	779,233	+2.79%	San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Greensboro–High Point, NC MSA	789,842	776,566	+1.71%	Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC CSA
Colorado Springs, CO MSA	768,832	755,105	+1.82%
Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway, AR MSA	764,045	748,031	+2.14%	Little Rock–North Little Rock, AR CSA
Des Moines–West Des Moines, IA MSA	737,164	709,466	+3.90%	Des Moines–West Des Moines–Ames, IA CSA
Provo–Orem–Lehi, UT MSA	732,197	671,185	+9.09%	Salt Lake City–Provo–Orem, UT CSA
Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, FL MSA	721,796	668,921	+7.90%	Orlando–Lakeland–Deltona, FL CSA
Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, NY MSA	704,620	697,221	+1.06%	New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Akron, OH MSA	698,398	702,219	−0.54%	Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH CSA
Winston-Salem, NC MSA	695,630	675,966	+2.91%	Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC CSA
Madison, WI MSA	694,345	680,796	+1.99%	Madison–Janesville–Beloit, WI CSA
Ogden, UT MSA	658,133	637,197	+3.29%	Salt Lake City–Provo–Orem, UT CSA
Syracuse, NY MSA	652,956	662,057	−1.37%	Syracuse–Auburn, NY CSA
Wichita, KS MSA	652,939	647,610	+0.82%	Wichita–Arkansas City–Winfield, KS CSA
Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville, FL MSA	643,979	606,612	+6.16%
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC MSA	629,429	611,000	+3.02%
Jackson, MS MSA	610,257	619,968	−1.57%	Jackson–Vicksburg–Brookhaven, MS CSA
Durham–Chapel Hill, NC MSA	608,879	588,911	+3.39%	Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC CSA
Harrisburg–Carlisle, PA MSA	606,055	591,712	+2.42%	Harrisburg–York–Lebanon, PA CSA
Spokane–Spokane Valley, WA MSA	600,292	585,784	+2.48%	Spokane–Spokane Valley–Coeur d'Alene, WA-ID CSA
Toledo, OH MSA	600,141	606,240	−1.01%
Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers, AR MSA	590,337	546,725	+7.98%
Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA	580,971	562,647	+3.26%	Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN-GA-AL CSA
Scranton–Wilkes-Barre, PA MSA	569,413	567,559	+0.33%
New Haven, CT MSA	568,158	570,487	−0.41%	New Haven–Hartford–Waterbury, CT CSA
Portland–South Portland, ME MSA	566,329	551,740	+2.64%	Portland–Lewiston–South Portland, ME CSA
Reno, NV MSA	564,782	549,831	+2.72%	Reno–Carson City–Gardnerville Ranchos, NV-CA CSA
Lancaster, PA MSA	558,589	552,984	+1.01%
Modesto, CA MSA	551,430	552,878	−0.26%	San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Port St. Lucie, FL MSA	536,901	487,657	+10.10%	Miami–Port St. Lucie–Fort Lauderdale, FL CSA
Pensacola–Ferry Pass–Brent, FL MSA	530,090	509,905	+3.96%
Huntsville, AL MSA	527,254	491,723	+7.23%	Huntsville–Decatur–Albertville, AL-TN CSA
Le xing ton-Fayette, KY MSA	520,045	516,811	+0.63%	Le xing ton-Fayette–Richmond–Frankfort, KY CSA
Killeen–Temple, TX MSA	501,333	475,367	+5.46%
Springfield, MO MSA	491,053	475,432	+3.29%
Santa Rosa–Petaluma, CA MSA	481,812	488,863	−1.44%
Visalia, CA MSA	479,468	473,117	+1.34%
Lansing–East Lansing, MI MSA	473,177	473,203	−0.01%	Lansing–East Lansing–Owosso, MI CSA
Wilmington, NC MSA	467,337	422,598	+10.59%
York–Hanover, PA MSA	464,640	456,438	+1.80%	Harrisburg–York–Lebanon, PA CSA
Springfield, MA MSA	460,291	465,825	−1.19%	Springfield–Amherst Town–Northampton, MA CSA
Fort Wayne, IN MSA	457,842	447,781	+2.25%	Fort Wayne–Huntington–Auburn, IN CSA
Waterbury–Shelton, CT MSA	456,128	450,376	+1.28%	New Haven–Hartford–Waterbury, CT CSA
Vallejo, CA MSA	449,218	453,491	−0.94%	San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Corpus Christi, TX MSA	448,323	445,763	+0.57%	Corpus Christi–Kingsville–Alice, TX CSA
Santa Maria–Santa Barbara, CA MSA	441,257	448,229	−1.56%
Salem, OR MSA	436,546	433,353	+0.74%	Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Reading, PA MSA	432,821	428,849	+0.93%	Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Salinas, CA MSA	430,723	439,035	−1.89%
Manchester–Nashua, NH MSA	427,354	422,937	+1.04%	Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA
Brownsville–Harlingen, TX MSA	426,710	421,017	+1.35%	Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville, TX CSA
Youngstown–Warren, OH MSA	425,969	430,591	−1.07%	Youngstown–Warren–Salem, OH CSA
Savannah, GA MSA	424,935	404,798	+4.97%	Savannah–Hinesville–Statesboro, GA CSA
Gulfport–Biloxi, MS MSA	421,916	416,259	+1.36%
Asheville, NC MSA	417,202	406,926	+2.53%	Asheville–Waynesville–Brevard, NC CSA
Lafayette, LA MSA	414,288	408,455	+1.43%	Lafayette–New Iberia–Opelousas, LA CSA
Mobile, AL MSA	411,640	414,809	−0.76%	Mobile–Daphne–Fairhope, AL CSA
Ocala, FL MSA	409,959	375,908	+9.06%
Naples–Marco Island, FL MSA	404,310	375,752	+7.60%	Cape Coral–Fort Myers–Naples, FL CSA
Flint, MI MSA	401,522	406,211	−1.15%	Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor, MI CSA
Anchorage, AK MSA	401,314	398,328	+0.75%
Canton–Massillon, OH MSA	399,474	401,574	−0.52%	Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH CSA
Myrtle Beach–Conway–North Myrtle Beach, SC MSA	397,478	351,029	+13.23%	Myrtle Beach–Conway, SC CSA
Beaumont–Port Arthur, TX MSA	395,479	397,565	−0.52%
Tallahassee, FL MSA	392,645	384,298	+2.17%	Tallahassee–Bainbridge, FL-GA CSA
Fayetteville, NC MSA	392,336	386,810	+1.43%	Fayetteville–Lumberton–Pinehurst, NC CSA
Montgomery, AL MSA	385,480	386,047	−0.15%	Montgomery–Selma, AL CSA
Spartanburg, SC MSA	383,327	355,241	+7.91%	Greenville–Spartanburg–Anderson, SC CSA
Shreveport–Bossier City, LA MSA	383,295	393,406	−2.57%	Shreveport–Bossier City–Minden, LA CSA
Trenton–Princeton, NJ MSA	381,671	387,340	−1.46%	New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Eugene–Springfield, OR MSA	381,181	382,971	−0.47%
Davenport–Moline–Rock Island, IA-IL MSA	379,441	384,324	−1.27%	Davenport–Moline, IA-IL CSA
Fort Collins–Loveland, CO MSA	370,771	359,066	+3.26%
Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton, NC MSA	370,030	365,276	+1.30%	Charlotte–Concord, NC-SC CSA
Atlantic City–Hammonton, NJ MSA	369,823	369,797	+0.01%	Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Huntington–Ashland, WV-KY-OH MSA	368,261	376,155	−2.10%	Charleston–Huntington–Ashland, WV-OH-KY CSA
Ann Arbor, MI MSA	365,536	372,258	−1.81%	Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor, MI CSA
Peoria, IL MSA	362,240	368,782	−1.77%	Peoria–Canton, IL CSA
Lubbock, TX MSA	360,104	351,268	+2.52%	Lubbock–Plainview, TX CSA
Greeley, CO MSA	359,442	328,981	+9.26%	Denver–Aurora–Greeley, CO CSA
Gainesville, FL MSA	352,126	339,247	+3.80%	Gainesville–Lake City, FL CSA
Lincoln, NE MSA	344,387	340,217	+1.23%	Lincoln–Beatrice, NE CSA
Clarksville, TN-KY MSA	340,495	320,535	+6.23%
Rockford, IL MSA	334,124	338,798	−1.38%	Rockford–Freeport–Rochelle, IL CSA
Green Bay, WI MSA	331,882	328,268	+1.10%	Green Bay–Shawano, WI CSA
Boulder, CO MSA	326,831	330,758	−1.19%	Denver–Aurora–Greeley, CO CSA
South Bend–Mishawaka, IN-MI MSA	324,490	324,501	0.00%	South Bend–Elkhart–Mishawaka, IN-MI CSA
Columbus, GA-AL MSA	323,768	328,883	−1.56%	Columbus–Auburn–Opelika, GA-AL CSA
Roanoke, VA MSA	314,314	315,251	−0.30%
Kennewick–Richland, WA MSA	314,253	303,622	+3.50%	Kennewick–Richland–Walla Walla, WA CSA
Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA MSA	313,025	307,614	+1.76%	Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA CSA
Hagerstown–Martinsburg, MD-WV MSA	305,902	293,844	+4.10%	Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Waco, TX MSA	304,865	295,782	+3.07%
Crestview–Fort Walton Beach–Destin, FL MSA	304,818	286,973	+6.22%
Sioux Falls, SD-MN MSA	304,555	286,434	+6.33%
Olympia–Lacey–Tumwater, WA MSA	299,003	294,793	+1.43%	Seattle–Tacoma, WA CSA
Longview, TX MSA	293,498	286,184	+2.56%
Merced, CA MSA	291,920	281,202	+3.81%	San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Utica–Rome, NY MSA	287,039	292,264	−1.79%
San Luis Obispo–Paso Robles, CA MSA	281,639	282,424	−0.28%
Duluth, MN-WI MSA	281,603	280,733	+0.31%	Duluth–Grand Rapids, MN-WI CSA
College Station–Bryan, TX MSA	281,445	268,248	+4.92%
Norwich–New London–Willimantic, CT MSA	279,634	280,430	−0.28%	New Haven–Hartford–Waterbury, CT CSA
Tuscaloosa, AL MSA	278,290	268,674	+3.58%
Bremerton–Silverdale–Port Orchard, WA MSA	277,658	275,611	+0.74%	Seattle–Tacoma, WA CSA
Cedar Rapids, IA MSA	275,668	276,520	−0.31%	Cedar Rapids–Iowa City, IA CSA
Slidell–Mandeville–Covington, LA MSA	275,583	264,570	+4.16%	New Orleans–Metairie–Slidell, LA-MS CSA
Amarillo, TX MSA	272,395	268,691	+1.38%	Amarillo–Borger, TX CSA
Evansville, IN MSA	270,717	269,256	+0.54%	Evansville–Henderson, IN-KY CSA
Laredo, TX MSA	269,148	267,114	+0.76%
Erie, PA MSA	267,571	270,876	−1.22%	Erie–Meadville, PA CSA
Lynchburg, VA MSA	264,590	261,593	+1.15%
Fargo, ND-MN MSA	262,620	249,843	+5.11%	Fargo–Wahpeton, ND-MN CSA
Kalamazoo–Portage, MI MSA	262,215	261,670	+0.21%	Kalamazoo–Battle Creek–Portage, MI CSA
Santa Cruz–Watsonville, CA MSA	261,547	270,861	−3.44%	San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Bend, OR MSA	260,919	247,493	+5.42%
Yakima, WA MSA	256,643	256,728	−0.03%
Daphne–Fairhope–Foley, AL MSA	253,507	231,767	+9.38%	Mobile–Daphne–Fairhope, AL CSA
Prescott Valley–Prescott, AZ MSA	249,081	236,209	+5.45%
Appleton, WI MSA	246,433	243,147	+1.35%	Appleton–Oshkosh–Neenah, WI CSA
Tyler, TX MSA	245,209	233,479	+5.02%	Tyler–Jacksonville, TX CSA
Binghamton, NY MSA	243,792	247,138	−1.35%
Lake Charles, LA MSA	240,082	254,652	−5.72%	Lake Charles–DeRidder, LA CSA
Macon-Bibb County, GA MSA	236,074	233,802	+0.97%	Macon-Bibb County–Warner Robins, GA CSA
Champaign–Urbana, IL MSA	235,608	236,072	−0.20%	Champaign–Urbana–Danville, IL CSA
Hilton Head Island–Bluffton–Port Royal, SC MSA	232,523	215,908	+7.70%
Topeka, KS MSA	232,322	233,152	−0.36%
Bellingham, WA MSA	231,919	226,847	+2.24%
Barnstable Town, MA MSA	231,735	228,996	+1.20%	Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA
Fort Smith, AR-OK MSA	231,280	227,213	+1.79%
Rochester, MN MSA	229,077	226,329	+1.21%	Rochester–Austin–Winona, MN CSA
Burlington–South Burlington, VT MSA	227,942	225,562	+1.06%	Burlington–South Burlington–Barre, VT CSA
Lafayette–West Lafayette, IN MSA	226,564	223,716	+1.27%	Lafayette–West Lafayette–Frankfort, IN CSA
Las Cruces, NM MSA	225,210	219,561	+2.57%	El Paso–Las Cruces, TX-NM CSA
Charlottesville, VA MSA	225,127	221,524	+1.63%
Lake Havasu City–Kingman, AZ MSA	223,682	213,267	+4.88%
Athens-Clarke County, GA MSA	222,060	215,415	+3.08%	Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA
Monroe, LA MSA	221,885	227,147	−2.32%	Monroe–Ruston, LA CSA
Medford, OR MSA	220,768	223,259	−1.12%	Medford–Grants Pass, OR CSA
Gainesville, GA MSA	217,267	203,136	+6.96%	Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA
Columbia, MO MSA	216,511	210,864	+2.68%	Columbia–Jefferson City–Moberly, MO CSA
Panama City–Panama City Beach, FL MSA	216,371	200,534	+7.90%
Jacksonville, NC MSA	213,676	204,576	+4.45%
Yuma, AZ MSA	213,221	203,881	+4.58%
Johnson City, TN MSA	213,198	207,285	+2.85%	Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA CSA
Le xing ton Park, MD MSA	210,009	206,560	+1.67%	Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Chico, CA MSA	207,172	211,632	−2.11%
Elkhart–Goshen, IN MSA	206,409	207,047	−0.31%	South Bend–Elkhart–Mishawaka, IN-MI CSA
Punta Gorda, FL MSA	206,134	186,847	+10.32%	North Port–Bradenton, FL CSA
Springfield, IL MSA	205,445	208,640	−1.53%	Springfield–Jacksonville–Lincoln, IL CSA
Joplin, MO-KS MSA	204,787	200,771	+2.00%	Joplin–Miami, MO-OK-KS CSA
Charleston, WV MSA	203,164	210,605	−3.53%	Charleston–Huntington–Ashland, WV-OH-KY CSA
St. Cloud, MN MSA	202,577	199,671	+1.46%	Minneapolis–St. Paul, MN-WI CSA
St. George, UT MSA	202,452	180,279	+12.30%
Auburn–Opelika, AL MSA	201,585	193,773	+4.03%	Columbus–Auburn–Opelika, GA-AL CSA
Warner Robins, GA MSA	200,779	191,614	+4.78%	Macon-Bibb County–Warner Robins, GA CSA
Florence, SC MSA	199,630	199,964	−0.17%
Houma–Bayou Cane–Thibodaux, LA MSA	198,672	207,137	−4.09%
Racine–Mount Pleasant, WI MSA	196,613	197,727	−0.56%	Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha, WI CSA
Billings, MT MSA	191,435	184,167	+3.95%
Dover, DE MSA	189,789	181,851	+4.37%	Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Bowling Green, KY MSA	188,840	179,639	+5.12%	Bowling Green–Glasgow–Franklin, KY CSA
Saginaw, MI MSA	187,782	190,124	−1.23%	Saginaw–Midland–Bay City, MI CSA
Coeur d'Alene, ID MSA	185,010	171,362	+7.96%	Spokane–Spokane Valley–Coeur d'Alene, WA-ID CSA
Yuba City, CA MSA	183,670	181,208	+1.36%	Sacramento–Roseville, CA CSA
Kingston, NY MSA	182,333	181,851	+0.27%	New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Midland, TX MSA	182,324	175,220	+4.05%	Midland–Odessa–Andrews, TX CSA
Jackson, TN MSA	181,826	180,504	+0.73%
Abilene, TX MSA	181,591	176,579	+2.84%	Abilene–Sweetwater, TX CSA
Blacksburg–Christiansburg–Radford, VA MSA	181,428	181,854	−0.23%
Redding, CA MSA	180,366	182,155	−0.98%	Redding–Red Bluff, CA CSA
Iowa City, IA MSA	180,088	175,419	+2.66%	Cedar Rapids–Iowa City, IA CSA
Burlington, NC MSA	179,165	171,415	+4.52%	Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC CSA
El Centro, CA MSA	179,057	179,702	−0.36%
Muskegon–Norton Shores, MI MSA	176,564	175,824	+0.42%	Grand Rapids–Wyoming, MI CSA
Greenville, NC MSA	175,119	170,243	+2.86%	Greenville–Washington, NC CSA
Eau Claire, WI MSA	174,873	172,007	+1.67%	Eau Claire–Menomonie, WI CSA
Oshkosh–Neenah, WI MSA	171,735	171,730	0.00%	Appleton–Oshkosh–Neenah, WI CSA
Bloomington, IL MSA	170,441	170,954	−0.30%	Bloomington–Pontiac, IL CSA
La Crosse–Onalaska, WI-MN MSA	170,238	170,341	−0.06%	La Crosse–Onalaska–Sparta, WI-MN CSA
Sebastian–Vero Beach–West Vero Corridor, FL MSA	169,795	159,788	+6.26%	Miami–Port St. Lucie–Fort Lauderdale, FL CSA
Pueblo, CO MSA	169,422	168,162	+0.75%	Pueblo–Cañon City, CO CSA
Terre Haute, IN MSA	168,787	168,875	−0.05%
Idaho Falls, ID MSA	168,322	157,429	+6.92%	Idaho Falls–Rexburg–Blackfoot, ID CSA
Waterloo–Cedar Falls, IA MSA	168,162	168,461	−0.18%
Kenosha, WI MSA	167,488	169,151	−0.98%	Chicago–Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA
Homosassa Springs, FL MSA	166,696	153,843	+8.35%
Odessa, TX MSA	164,494	165,171	−0.41%	Midland–Odessa–Andrews, TX CSA
Janesville–Beloit, WI MSA	164,278	163,687	+0.36%	Madison–Janesville–Beloit, WI CSA
Kahului–Wailuku, HI MSA	164,264	164,836	−0.35%
Amherst Town–Northampton, MA MSA	162,502	162,308	+0.12%	Springfield–Amherst Town–Northampton, MA CSA
Bloomington, IN MSA	160,874	161,039	−0.10%	Bloomington–Bedford, IN CSA
Grand Junction, CO MSA	159,681	155,703	+2.55%
Jackson, MI MSA	159,424	160,366	−0.59%
Decatur, AL MSA	158,635	156,494	+1.37%	Huntsville–Decatur–Albertville, AL-TN CSA
Logan, UT-ID MSA	157,887	147,348	+7.15%
Chambersburg, PA MSA	157,854	155,932	+1.23%	Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
State College, PA MSA	157,795	158,172	−0.24%	State College–DuBois, PA CSA
Traverse City, MI MSA	156,371	153,448	+1.90%
Rapid City, SD MSA	155,974	147,392	+5.82%	Rapid City–Spearfish, SD CSA
Santa Fe, NM MSA	155,956	154,823	+0.73%	Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos, NM CSA
Hattiesburg, MS MSA	155,740	153,891	+1.20%	Hattiesburg–Laurel, MS CSA
Bangor, ME MSA	155,312	152,199	+2.05%
Florence–Muscle Shoals, AL MSA	155,175	150,791	+2.91%	Florence–Muscle Shoals–Russellville, AL CSA
Monroe, MI MSA	155,045	154,809	+0.15%	Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor, MI CSA
Dothan, AL MSA	153,349	151,007	+1.55%	Dothan–Enterprise–Ozark, AL CSA
Hanford–Corcoran, CA MSA	152,682	152,486	+0.13%	Fresno–Hanford–Corcoran, CA CSA
Vineland, NJ MSA	152,326	154,152	−1.18%	Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Niles, MI MSA	152,261	154,316	−1.33%	South Bend–Elkhart–Mishawaka, IN-MI CSA
Wildwood–The Villages, FL MSA	151,565	129,752	+16.81%	Orlando–Lakeland–Deltona, FL CSA
Valdosta, GA MSA	151,118	148,126	+2.02%
Jefferson City, MO MSA	150,733	150,309	+0.28%	Columbia–Jefferson City–Moberly, MO CSA
Wichita Falls, TX MSA	149,947	148,128	+1.23%
Alexandria, LA MSA	148,171	152,192	−2.64%
Winchester, VA-WV MSA	147,260	142,632	+3.24%	Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Sherman–Denison, TX MSA	146,907	135,543	+8.38%	Dallas–Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA
Texarkana, TX-AR MSA	145,907	147,519	−1.09%
Albany, GA MSA	145,508	148,922	−2.29%
Rocky Mount, NC MSA	145,383	143,870	+1.05%	Rocky Mount–Wilson–Roanoke Rapids, NC CSA
Dalton, GA MSA	144,722	142,837	+1.32%	Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN-GA-AL CSA
Flagstaff, AZ MSA	144,472	145,101	−0.43%
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD MSA	144,402	144,334	+0.05%	Sioux City–Le Mars, IA-NE-SD CSA
Lebanon, PA MSA	144,252	143,257	+0.69%	Harrisburg–York–Lebanon, PA CSA
Morgantown, WV MSA	141,817	140,038	+1.27%
Wausau, WI MSA	138,612	138,013	+0.43%	Wausau–Stevens Point–Wisconsin Rapids, WI CSA
Hammond, LA MSA	138,064	133,157	+3.69%	Baton Rouge–Hammond, LA CSA
Harrisonburg, VA MSA	137,650	135,571	+1.53%	Harrisonburg–Staunton–Stuarts Draft, VA CSA
Jonesboro, AR MSA	136,390	134,196	+1.63%	Jonesboro–Paragould, AR CSA
Bismarck, ND MSA	135,786	133,626	+1.62%
Wheeling, WV-OH MSA	135,517	139,513	−2.86%
Springfield, OH MSA	134,610	136,001	−1.02%	Dayton–Springfield–Kettering, OH CSA
Battle Creek, MI MSA	133,366	134,310	−0.70%	Kalamazoo–Battle Creek–Portage, MI CSA
Napa, CA MSA	133,216	138,019	−3.48%	San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Manhattan, KS MSA	132,831	134,046	−0.91%
Albany, OR MSA	131,496	128,610	+2.24%	Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Mount Vernon–Anacortes, WA MSA	131,417	129,523	+1.46%	Seattle–Tacoma, WA CSA
Johnstown, PA MSA	130,668	133,472	−2.10%	Johnstown–Somerset, PA CSA
Salisbury, MD MSA	129,710	128,208	+1.17%	Salisbury–Ocean Pines, MD CSA
Cleveland, TN MSA	129,612	126,164	+2.73%	Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN-GA-AL CSA
Elizabethtown, KY MSA	127,576	125,569	+1.60%	Louisville/Jefferson County–Elizabethtown, KY-IN CSA
Staunton–Stuarts Draft, VA MSA	127,344	125,433	+1.52%	Harrisonburg–Staunton–Stuarts Draft, VA CSA
Lawton, OK MSA	127,001	126,652	+0.28%	Lawton–Duncan, OK CSA
Missoula, MT MSA	126,939	122,457	+3.66%
Pittsfield, MA MSA	126,818	129,026	−1.71%
Bozeman, MT MSA	126,409	118,960	+6.26%
Glens Falls, NY MSA	125,427	127,039	−1.27%	Albany–Schenectady, NY CSA
Ames, IA MSA	125,156	125,252	−0.08%	Des Moines–West Des Moines–Ames, IA CSA
Mansfield, OH MSA	125,064	124,936	+0.10%	Mansfield–Ashland–Bucyrus, OH CSA
Wenatchee–East Wenatchee, WA MSA	124,795	122,012	+2.28%
Sierra Vista–Douglas, AZ MSA	124,640	125,447	−0.64%
Morristown, TN MSA	124,054	119,182	+4.09%	Knoxville–Morristown–Sevierville, TN CSA
Farmington, NM MSA	120,675	121,661	−0.81%
Twin Falls, ID MSA	120,635	114,283	+5.56%
San Angelo, TX MSA	120,606	121,516	−0.75%
Lawrence, KS MSA	120,553	118,785	+1.49%	Kansas City–Overland Park–Kansas City, MO-KS CSA
Altoona, PA MSA	120,273	122,822	−2.08%	Altoona–Huntingdon, PA CSA
Goldsboro, NC MSA	118,686	117,333	+1.15%
St. Joseph, MO-KS MSA	118,475	121,467	−2.46%	Kansas City–Overland Park–Kansas City, MO-KS CSA
Sheboygan, WI MSA	117,752	118,034	−0.24%
Anniston–Oxford, AL MSA	116,429	116,441	−0.01%
Brunswick–St. Simons, GA MSA	116,074	113,495	+2.27%
Watertown–Fort Drum, NY MSA	114,787	116,721	−1.66%
Sandusky, OH MSA	113,838	115,986	−1.85%	Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH CSA
Lewiston–Auburn, ME MSA	113,765	111,139	+2.36%	Portland–Lewiston–South Portland, ME CSA
Weirton–Steubenville, WV-OH MSA	113,544	116,903	−2.87%	Pittsburgh–Weirton–Steubenville, PA-OH-WV CSA
Longview–Kelso, WA MSA	112,864	110,730	+1.93%	Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Williamsport, PA MSA	112,724	114,188	−1.28%	Williamsport–Lock Haven, PA CSA
Owensboro, KY MSA	112,512	112,464	+0.04%
Muncie, IN MSA	112,321	111,903	+0.37%	Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN CSA
Michigan City–La Porte, IN MSA	111,706	112,417	−0.63%	Chicago–Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA
Beckley, WV MSA	111,428	115,079	−3.17%
Sebring, FL MSA	107,614	101,235	+6.30%
Pinehurst–Southern Pines, NC MSA	106,898	99,727	+7.19%	Fayetteville–Lumberton–Pinehurst, NC CSA
Gettysburg, PA MSA	106,748	103,852	+2.79%	Harrisburg–York–Lebanon, PA CSA
Kankakee, IL MSA	105,940	107,502	−1.45%	Chicago–Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA
Mankato, MN MSA	104,248	103,566	+0.66%	Mankato–New Ulm, MN CSA
Sumter, SC MSA	104,165	105,556	−1.32%	Columbia–Sumter–Orangeburg, SC CSA
Fond du Lac, WI MSA	103,948	104,154	−0.20%
Ithaca, NY MSA	103,558	105,740	−2.06%	Ithaca–Cortland, NY CSA
Gadsden, AL MSA	103,241	103,436	−0.19%
Grand Forks, ND-MN MSA	103,120	104,362	−1.19%
Bay City, MI MSA	102,500	103,856	−1.31%	Saginaw–Midland–Bay City, MI CSA
Paducah, KY-IL MSA	102,267	103,486	−1.18%	Paducah–Mayfield, KY-IL CSA
Cheyenne, WY MSA	100,984	100,512	+0.47%
Lima, OH MSA	100,838	102,206	−1.34%	Lima–Van Wert–Celina, OH CSA
Decatur, IL MSA	100,591	103,998	−3.28%
Rome, GA MSA	100,113	98,584	+1.55%	Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA
Hot Springs, AR MSA	99,784	100,180	−0.40%	Hot Springs–Malvern, AR CSA
Dubuque, IA MSA	98,887	99,266	−0.38%
Victoria, TX MSA	98,808	98,331	+0.49%	Victoria–Port Lavaca, TX CSA
Cape Girardeau, MO-IL MSA	98,223	97,517	+0.72%	Cape Girardeau–Sikeston, MO-IL CSA
Corvallis, OR MSA	97,713	95,184	+2.66%	Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Helena, MT MSA	96,091	89,832	+6.97%
Fairbanks–College, AK MSA	94,840	95,655	−0.85%
Pocatello, ID MSA	90,400	87,018	+3.89%
Hinesville, GA MSA	88,804	81,424	+9.06%	Savannah–Hinesville–Statesboro, GA CSA
Parkersburg–Vienna, WV MSA	88,052	89,490	−1.61%	Parkersburg–Marietta–Vienna, WV-OH CSA
Grants Pass, OR MSA	87,821	88,090	−0.31%	Medford–Grants Pass, OR CSA
Great Falls, MT MSA	84,900	84,414	+0.58%
Midland, MI MSA	84,039	83,494	+0.65%	Saginaw–Midland–Bay City, MI CSA
Columbus, IN MSA	84,003	82,208	+2.18%	Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN CSA
Kokomo, IN MSA	83,831	83,658	+0.21%	Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN CSA
Elmira, NY MSA	81,325	84,148	−3.35%	Elmira–Corning, NY CSA
Casper, WY MSA	79,941	79,955	−0.02%
Grand Island, NE MSA	76,479	77,038	−0.73%
Minot, ND MSA	75,742	77,546	−2.33%
Lewiston, ID-WA MSA	65,536	64,375	+1.80%
Enid, OK MSA	62,023	62,846	−1.31%
Walla Walla, WA MSA	61,568	62,584	−1.62%	Kennewick–Richland-Walla Walla, WA CSA
Carson City, NV MSA	58,036	58,639	−1.03%	Reno–Carson City–Gardnerville Ranchos, NV-CA CSA
Eagle Pass, TX MSA	57,762	57,887	−0.22%

Puerto Rico

Thissortable tablelists the sixmetropolitan statistical areas(MSAs) ofPuerto Ricoincluding:

The MSA rank by population as of July 1, 2023, as estimated by theUnited States Census Bureau^[15]
The MSA name as designated by theUnited States Office of Management and Budget^[16]
The MSA population as of July 1, 2023, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau^[15]
The MSA population as of April 1, 2020, as enumerated by the2020 United States census^[15]^[a]
The percent MSA population change from April 1, 2020, to July 1, 2023^[15]
Thecombined statistical area(CSA)^[17]if the MSA is a component^[18]

The six metropolitan statistical areas of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
Rank	Metropolitan statistical area	2023 estimate	2020 census	Change	Encompassing combined statistical area
1	San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas, PR MSA	2,035,733	2,081,265	−2.19%	San Juan–Bayamón, PR Combined Statistical Area
2	Ponce, PR MSA	266,237	278,477	−4.40%	Ponce–Coamo, PR Combined Statistical Area
3	Aguadilla, PR MSA	250,435	253,768	−1.31%	Mayagüez–Aguadilla, PR Combined Statistical Area
4	Mayagüez, PR MSA	207,877	213,831	−2.78%	Mayagüez–Aguadilla, PR Combined Statistical Area
5	Arecibo, PR MSA	179,470	182,705	−1.77%	San Juan–Bayamón, PR Combined Statistical Area
6	Guayama, PR MSA	65,190	68,442	−4.75%	San Juan–Bayamón, PR Combined Statistical Area

Footnotes

^^a ^bPopulations adjusted for new MSA delineations as redefined in 2023

References

^"Metropolitan Areas".US Census Bureau.RetrievedDecember 4,2023.
^"Glossary".United States Census Bureau.Archivedfrom the original on July 10, 2023.RetrievedJuly 10,2023.
^Caves, R. W. (2004).Encyclopedia of the City.Routledge. pp.459.ISBN 9780415252256.
^Cox, Wendell (August 1, 2014)."Urban Cores, Core Cities and Principal Cities".newgeography.Archivedfrom the original on July 10, 2023.RetrievedJuly 10,2023.
^Nussle, Jim (November 20, 2008)."Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses"(PDF).Office of Management and Budget. pp. 1–2.Archived(PDF)from the original on January 21, 2017.
^^a ^bExecutive Office of the President(July 21, 2023)."Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas"(PDF)(Press release).Archived(PDF)from the original on July 21, 2023.RetrievedJuly 21,2023.
^Census Geographic Glossary ArchivedSeptember 27, 2012, at theWayback Machine,U.S. Census Bureau
^^a ^b ^c"2020 Standards for Delineating Core Based Statistical Areas".Federal Register.National Archives and Records Administration.RetrievedFebruary 6,2024.
^"Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas".U.S. Census Bureau.Archivedfrom the original on September 23, 2011.RetrievedFebruary 16,2010.
^"Recommendations From the Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Standards Review Committee to the Office of Management and Budget Concerning Changes to the 2010 Standards for Delineating Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas".Federal Register.January 19, 2021.Archivedfrom the original on January 20, 2021.RetrievedJanuary 21,2021.
^The White House(July 13, 2021)."Office of Management and Budget Announces 2020 Standards for Delineating Core Based Statistical Areas"(Press release).Archivedfrom the original on July 16, 2021.RetrievedJuly 17,2021.
^^a ^b ^c ^dGardner, Todd (February 2021).Changes in Metropolitan Area Definition, 1910–2010(PDF).Center for Economic Studies(Report). United States Census Bureau. pp. 5–6, 12.RetrievedJanuary 26,2024.
^^a ^b"History: Metropolitan Areas".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 26,2024.
^"Census Makes a 'Metropolis'".Seattle Post-Intelligencer.December 28, 1980. p. E2.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ"Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020-2023".United States Census Bureau,Population Division. March 14, 2024.RetrievedMarch 15,2024.
^^a ^b"OMB Bulletin No. 23-01: Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas"(PDF).United States Office of Management and Budget.July 21, 2023.Archived(PDF)from the original on July 21, 2023.RetrievedJuly 26,2023.
^^a ^bThe U.S.Office of Management and Budget(OMB) defines aCSA(CSA) as an aggregate of adjacentcore-based statistical areasthat are linked by commuting ties.
^^a ^b"OMB Bulletin No. 20-01: Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas"(PDF).United States Office of Management and Budget.March 6, 2020.Archived(PDF)from the original on June 12, 2021.RetrievedApril 24,2020.

External links

v t e Largest metropolitan areas in the United States 2023 MSA population estimatesfrom theU.S. Census Bureau^[1]
	Rank	Name	Region	Pop.	Rank	Name	Region	Pop.
New York Los Angeles	1	New York	Northeast	19,498,249	11	Boston	Northeast	4,919,179	Chicago Dallas–Fort Worth
	2	Los Angeles	West	12,799,100	12	Riverside–San Bernardino	West	4,688,053
	3	Chicago	Midwest	9,262,825	13	San Francisco	West	4,566,961
	4	Dallas–Fort Worth	South	8,100,037	14	Detroit	Midwest	4,342,304
	5	Houston	South	7,510,253	15	Seattle	West	4,044,837
	6	Atlanta	South	6,307,261	16	Minneapolis–Saint Paul	Midwest	3,712,020
	7	Washington, D.C.	South	6,304,975	17	Tampa–St. Petersburg	South	3,342,963
	8	Philadelphia	Northeast	6,246,160	18	San Diego	West	3,269,973
	9	Miami	South	6,183,199	19	Denver	West	3,005,131
	10	Phoenix	West	5,070,110	20	Baltimore	South	2,834,316

^"Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020–2023".United States Census Bureau. May 2023.RetrievedFebruary 14,2024.

[2023Adj-17] Populations adjusted for new MSA delineations as redefined in 2023

[1] "Metropolitan Areas".US Census Bureau.RetrievedDecember 4,2023.

[2] "Glossary".United States Census Bureau.Archivedfrom the original on July 10, 2023.RetrievedJuly 10,2023.

[3] Caves, R. W. (2004).Encyclopedia of the City.Routledge. pp.459.ISBN 9780415252256.

[4] Cox, Wendell (August 1, 2014)."Urban Cores, Core Cities and Principal Cities".newgeography.Archivedfrom the original on July 10, 2023.RetrievedJuly 10,2023.

[5] Nussle, Jim (November 20, 2008)."Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses"(PDF).Office of Management and Budget. pp. 1–2.Archived(PDF)from the original on January 21, 2017.

[Revision_2023-6] Executive Office of the President(July 21, 2023)."Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas"(PDF)(Press release).Archived(PDF)from the original on July 21, 2023.RetrievedJuly 21,2023.

[7] Census Geographic Glossary ArchivedSeptember 27, 2012, at theWayback Machine,U.S. Census Bureau

[OFR-8] "2020 Standards for Delineating Core Based Statistical Areas".Federal Register.National Archives and Records Administration.RetrievedFebruary 6,2024.

[9] "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas".U.S. Census Bureau.Archivedfrom the original on September 23, 2011.RetrievedFebruary 16,2010.

[10] "Recommendations From the Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Standards Review Committee to the Office of Management and Budget Concerning Changes to the 2010 Standards for Delineating Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas".Federal Register.January 19, 2021.Archivedfrom the original on January 20, 2021.RetrievedJanuary 21,2021.

[11] The White House(July 13, 2021)."Office of Management and Budget Announces 2020 Standards for Delineating Core Based Statistical Areas"(Press release).Archivedfrom the original on July 16, 2021.RetrievedJuly 17,2021.

[CES-Definition-12] Gardner, Todd (February 2021).Changes in Metropolitan Area Definition, 1910–2010(PDF).Center for Economic Studies(Report). United States Census Bureau. pp. 5–6, 12.RetrievedJanuary 26,2024.

[History-13] "History: Metropolitan Areas".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 26,2024.

[14] "Census Makes a 'Metropolis'".Seattle Post-Intelligencer.December 28, 1980. p. E2.

[PopEstCBSA-15] ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ"Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020-2023".United States Census Bureau,Population Division. March 14, 2024.RetrievedMarch 15,2024.

[:0-16] "OMB Bulletin No. 23-01: Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas"(PDF).United States Office of Management and Budget.July 21, 2023.Archived(PDF)from the original on July 21, 2023.RetrievedJuly 26,2023.

[CSA-18] The U.S.Office of Management and Budget(OMB) defines aCSA(CSA) as an aggregate of adjacentcore-based statistical areasthat are linked by commuting ties.

[OMB_20-01-19] "OMB Bulletin No. 20-01: Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas"(PDF).United States Office of Management and Budget.March 6, 2020.Archived(PDF)from the original on June 12, 2021.RetrievedApril 24,2020.

[20] "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020–2023".United States Census Bureau. May 2023.RetrievedFebruary 14,2024.

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