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Tanganyika(/ˌtæŋɡənˈjiːkə,-ɡæn-/TANG-gən-YEE-kə, -gan-) was asovereign state,comprising the mainland part of present-dayTanzania,that existed from 1961 until 1964. It first gained independence from theUnited Kingdomon 9 December 1961 as aCommonwealth realm[1]headed by Queen Elizabeth IIbefore becoming a republic within theCommonwealth of Nationsa year later. After signing theArticles of Unionon 22 April 1964 and passing an Act of Union on 25 April, Tanganyika officially joined with thePeople's Republic of Zanzibarto form theUnited Republic of Tanganyika and ZanzibaronUnion Day,26 April 1964.[2]The new state changed its name to the United Republic of Tanzania within a year.[3]
Tanganyika(1961–1962) Republic of Tanganyika(1962–1964) Jamhuri ya Tanganyika(Swahili) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1961–1964 | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Capital | Dar es Salaam | ||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Tanganyikan | ||||||||
| Government | Unitarydominant-partyparliamentarymonarchy(1961–1962) Unitarydominant-partyassembly-independentrepublic(1962–1964) | ||||||||
| Head of State | |||||||||
• 1961–1962 | Elizabeth II(Monarch) | ||||||||
• 1962–1964 | Julius Nyerere(President) | ||||||||
| Governor-General | |||||||||
• 1961–1962 | Richard Turnbull | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 1961–1962 | Julius Nyerere(first) | ||||||||
• 1962 | Rashidi Kawawa(Last) | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Independence fromBritish Empire | 9 December 1961 | ||||||||
• Republic | 9 December 1962 | ||||||||
• Union withZanzibar | 26 April 1964 | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• Total | 944,842 km2(364,806 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Currency | East African shilling | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Tanzania | ||||||||
History
editTanganyika originally consisted of theTanganyika Territory—the British share ofGerman East Africa—which the British took under aLeague of Nations mandatein 1922, and which was later transformed into aUnited Nations Trust TerritoryafterWorld War II.The next largest share of German East Africa was taken into Belgian trusteeship, eventually becoming present-dayBurundiandRwanda.
| Tanganyika Independence Act 1961 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
 | |
| Long title | An Act to make provision for, and in connection with, the attainment by Tanganyika of fully responsible status within the Commonwealth. |
| Citation | 10 & 11 Eliz. 2.c. 1 |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 22 November 1961 |
| Other legislation | |
| Amended by |
|
Status: Amended | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Text of the Tanganyika Independence Act 1961as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, fromlegislation.gov.uk. | |
TheTanganyika Independence Act 1961(10 & 11 Eliz. 2.c. 1) transformed the United Nations trust territory into the independentsovereign stateof Tanganyika, withElizabeth IIasQueen of Tanganyika.The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly exercised by theGovernor-General of Tanganyika.
Tanganyika adopted a new constitution in 1962 that abolished the monarchy, and theNational Assembly(the majority of whom were members of theTanganyika African National Union Party) thoroughly revised the new constitution to favour a strong executive branch of government, namely a president.[3]Tanganyika then became arepublic within the Commonwealth of Nations,withJulius Nyerereas thePresident of Tanganyika.After the Union of Zanzibar and Tanganyika, an interim constitution adapted from the 1962 Constitution became the governing document. Although meant to be temporary, the constitutions remained effective until 1977.[3]
The unification of Tanganyika and Zanzibar in 1964 followed Nyerere's principle ofUjamaawhich entailed a strong "territorial nationalism."[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^Mara Malagodi, Luke McDonagh and Thomas Poole."The Dominion model of transitional constitutionalism".International Journal of Constitutional Law.17:4(October 2019) p. 1284 n 7.doi:10.1093/icon/moz083.
- ^The Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar Act, 1964 (Act No. 22 of 1964).Archivedfrom the original on 5 March 2022.Retrieved5 March2022– via WIPO IP Portal.
- ^abcKatundu, Mangasini Atanasi; Kumburu, Neema Penance (2015)."Tanzania's Constitutional Reform Predicament and the Survival of the Tanganyika and Zanzibar Union"(PDF).The Journal of Pan African Studies.8(3): 104–118.Archived(PDF)from the original on 16 June 2022.Retrieved5 March2022.
- ^Gunderson, Frank (2013)."Expressive Bodies / Controlling Impulses: The Dance Between Official Culture and Musical Resistance in Colonial Western Tanganyika".Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal.96(2): 145–169.doi:10.5325/soundings.96.2.0145.S2CID141636812.Archivedfrom the original on 26 April 2019.Retrieved4 October2016.
