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TheSarvatathāgatatattvasaṃgraha sutra(Sanskrit,Compendium of the Reality of All Tathāgatas), also known as theTattvasaṃgraha Tantra,is an important seventh century Indian Buddhisttantric text.[1]Although the scripture refers itself as aMahayana sutra,the content is mainly tantric in nature and thus is sometimes called atantra.This work is an important source for theShingontradition.[1]
This text was very important for the development of theVajrayanaYoga tantratraditions in India, Tibet, China, Japan and Sumatra, amongst others. TheTattvasaṃgrahais extant in Sanskrit, Tibetan and Chinese. It is one of the three fundamental sutras of Japanese esoteric Buddhism.[2]
Weinberger (2003: p. 4) holds:
TheCompendium of Principlesmarks the emergence of mature Indian Buddhist tantra at the end of the seventh century, and it immediately spawned a body of literary progeny that has played a central and enduring role in the development of tantric Buddhism in India, Tibet, China, and Japan. Consolidated over time into traditions known in some Indian circles as Yoga Tantra, they spread as widely as Śrı Lanka, Southeast Asia, Khotan, Mongolia, and Sumatra.[3]
Etymology
editTattvasaṃgraha may beparsedinto 'tattva'+'saṃgraha'.Tattvamay be parsed into 'Tat'+'tva' and may also be orthographically rendered in English as Tattwa and means 'thatness', 'principle', 'reality' or 'truth'. 'Saṃgraha' may be parsed into 'saṃ'+'graha'. 'Saṃ' may be spelled as either 'sam' or 'san' as theanunasikaṃindicates a nasalization of the preceding vowel before unpronounced "m" or "n". sam refers to origin, birth or dependent origination;sambodhi,sambhava.Graha(Devanagari: ग्रह) means 'seizing', 'laying hold of', 'holding'.
History and dissemination
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Tucciinaugurated scholarship in a western language on theTattvasaṃgrahawith his exploration on theMaheśvarasubjugation myth it holds.[4][5]Snellgrovecontinued to stake a foundation of western scholarship in both his publication of the facsimile reproduction of one of the extant Sanskrit manuscripts, a publication opened by a scholarly introduction and also his presentation of tantra in volume one ofIndo-Tibetan Buddhism.[6]Todarohas provided a translation of the first section of the tantra, accompanied by a study of the role of theTattvasaṃgrahaand associated texts in the tradition ofKūkai,founder of JapaneseShingon.
Notes
edit- ^abSilk, Jonathan A. (editor)Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume I: Literature and Languages,p. 373.
- ^"Two Slokas in the Sanskrit Text of Tattva-samgraha-tantra, Chapter of (Vidyaraja) Trailokyavijaya, with a Commentary and Indices".
- ^Weinberger, Steven Neal (2003).The Significance of Yoga Tantra and the Compendium of Principles (Tattvasaṃgraha Tantra) within Tantric Buddhism in India and Tibet.Dissertation. University of Virginia, USA: Department of Religious Studies. Source:Internet Archive
- ^Tucci, Giuseppe (1932).Indo-Tibetica.Reale Accademia d’Italia Studi e Documenti I. Rome: Reale Accademia d’Italia. vol. 1, pp. 135-145.
- ^Tucci, Giuseppe (1949). "Compendium of Principles" in Tucci, Giuseppe (1949)Tibetan Painted Scrolls.Roma: Libreria dello Stato. p. 225.
- ^Snellgrove, David (1987).Indo-Tibetan Buddhism: Indian Buddhists and Their Tibetan Successors.Volume One: pp.117-330 Boston, USA: Shambhala Publications, Inc.ISBN0-87773-311-2(v.1).
References
edit- Weinberger, Steven Neal (2003).The Significance of Yoga Tantra and the Compendium of Principles (Tattvasaṃgraha Tantra) within Tantric Buddhism in India and Tibet.Dissertation. University of Virginia, USA: Department of Religious Studies. Source:Internet Archive
- Weinberger, Steven Neal (2010)."The Yoga Tantras and the Social Context of Their Transmission to Tibet"(PDF).Chung-Hwa Journal of Buddhist Studies.23:131–166.