Telmatobiusis agenusof frogs native to theAndeanhighlands in South America, where they are found in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northwestern Argentina and northern Chile.[1]It is the only genus in the familyTelmatobiidae.[2]Some sources recognizeBatrachophrynusas a valid genus distinct fromTelmatobius.[3][4]
| Telmatobius | |
|---|---|
| |
| Telmatobiusspecies from altiplano lakes in northern Chile. | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Suborder: | Neobatrachia |
| Superfamily: | Hyloidea |
| Family: | Telmatobiidae Fitzinger,1843 |
| Genus: | Telmatobius Wiegmann,1834 |
| Diversity | |
| 63 species (seetext) | |
| Synonyms | |
|
BatrachophrynusPeters, 1873 | |
Ecology and conservation
editAllTelmatobiusspecies are closely associated with water and most species are semi-aquatic, while a few are entirelyaquatic.[5]They are found in and near lakes, rivers and wetlands in theAndeanhighlands at altitudes between 1,000 and 5,200 m (3,300–17,100 ft).[6]The genus includes two of the world's largest fully aquatic frogs, theLake Junin frog(T. macrostomus) andTiticaca water frog(T. culeus),[7]but the remaining are considerably smaller. In terms of tadpoles, the species with the largest tadpoles tend to be in higher elevated streams and lakes. This includes the speciesT. culeus,T. macrostomus,T. mayoloi,andT. gigas.[8]Telmatobiuscontains more than 60 species; the vast majority seriouslythreatened,especially fromhabitat loss,pollution, diseases (chytridiomycosisandnematode infections),introducedtrout,and capture for human consumption.[5][9]
The three Ecuadorian species have not been seen for years and may already be extinct:T. cirrhacelislast seen in 1981,T. nigerin 1994 andT. vellardiin 1987.[5][9]Similarly, seven of the fifteen species in Bolivia have not been seen for years.[10]However, some might still be rediscovered: the BolivianT. yuracarehad not been seen in the wild in a decade and there was only a single captive male. A few wild individuals were located in 2019, thus ending the captive male's informal status as anendling(last survivor of the species).[10]
Species
editThere are currently 63 species recognized in the genusTelmatobius,[1]but the validity of some species is questionable and it is likely thatundescribed speciesremain.[11][12]
- Telmatobius achachilaGómez et al., 2024
- Telmatobius arequipensisVellard, 1955
- Telmatobius atacamensisGallardo, 1962
- Telmatobius atahualpaiWiens, 1993
- Telmatobius bolivianusParker, 1940
- Telmatobius brachydactylus(Peters, 1873)
- Telmatobius brevipesVellard, 1951
- Telmatobius brevirostrisVellard, 1955
- Telmatobius carrillaeMorales, 1988
- Telmatobius ceiorumLaurent, 1970
- Telmatobius chusmisensisFormas, Cuevas, and Nuñez, 2006
- Telmatobius cirrhacelisTrueb, 1979
- Telmatobius colanensisWiens, 1993
- Telmatobius contrerasiCei, 1977
- Telmatobius culeus(Garman, 1876)
- Telmatobius dankoiFormas et al., 1999
- Telmatobius degenerWiens, 1993
- Telmatobius edaphonastesDe la Riva, 1995
- Telmatobius espadaiDe la Riva, 2005
- Telmatobius fronteriensisBenavides, Ortiz, and Formas, 2002
- Telmatobius gigasVellard, 1969
- Telmatobius halliNoble, 1938
- Telmatobius hauthaliKoslowsky, 1895
- Telmatobius hintoniParker, 1940
- Telmatobius hockingiSalas and Sinsch, 1996
- Telmatobius huayraLavilla and Ergueta-Sandoval, 1995
- Telmatobius hypselocephalusLavilla and Laurent, 1989
- Telmatobius ignavusBarbour and Noble, 1920
- Telmatobius intermediusVellard, 1951
- Telmatobius jelskii(Peters, 1873)
- Telmatobius laevisPhilippi, 1902
- Telmatobius laticepsLaurent, 1977
- Telmatobius latirostrisVellard, 1951
- Telmatobius macrostomus(Peters, 1873)
- Telmatobius mantaroTtito et al., 2016
- Telmatobius marmoratus(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)
- Telmatobius mayoloiSalas and Sinsch, 1996
- Telmatobius mendelsoniDe la Riva, Trueb, and Duellman, 2012
- Telmatobius necopinusWiens, 1993
- Telmatobius nigerBarbour and Noble, 1920
- Telmatobius oxycephalusVellard, 1946
- Telmatobius pefauriVeloso and Trueb, 1976
- Telmatobius peruvianusWiegmann, 1834
- Telmatobius philippiiCuevas and Formas, 2002
- Telmatobius pinguiculusLavilla and Laurent, 1989
- Telmatobius pisanoiLaurent, 1977
- Telmatobius platycephalusLavilla and Laurent, 1989
- Telmatobius punctatusVellard, 1955
- Telmatobius rimacSchmidt, 1954
- Telmatobius rubigoBarrionuevo and Baldo, 2009
- Telmatobius sanborniSchmidt, 1954
- Telmatobius schreiteriVellard, 1946
- Telmatobius scrocchiiLaurent and Lavilla, 1986
- Telmatobius sibiricusDe la Riva and Harvey, 2003
- Telmatobius simonsiParker, 1940
- Telmatobius stephaniLaurent, 1973
- Telmatobius thompsoniWiens, 1993
- Telmatobius timensDe la Riva, Aparicio, and Ríos, 2005
- Telmatobius truebaeWiens, 1993
- Telmatobius vellardiMunsterman and Leviton, 1959
- Telmatobius ventriflavumCatenazzi, Vargas García, and Lehr, 2015
- Telmatobius verrucosusWerner, 1899
- Telmatobius vilamensisFormas, Benavides, and Cuevas, 2003
- Telmatobius yuracareDe la Riva, 1994
References
edit- ^abFrost, Darrel R. (2017)."TelmatobiusWiegmann, 1834 ".Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0.American Museum of Natural History.Retrieved9 February2017.
- ^Frost, Darrel R. (2015)."Telmatobiidae Fitzinger, 1843".Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0.American Museum of Natural History.Retrieved23 May2015.
- ^Blackburn, D.C.; Wake, D.B. (2011)."Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness"(PDF).Zootaxa.3148:39–55.doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8.
- ^"Telmatobiidae".AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application].Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015.Retrieved23 May2015.
- ^abcAngulo, A. (2008). Conservation Needs of Batrachophrynus and Telmatobius Frogs of the Andes of Peru. Conservation & Society 6(4): 328-333.DOI: 10.4103/0972-4923.49196
- ^Victoriano, Muñoz-Mendoza, Sáez, Salinas, Muñoz-Ramírez, Sallaberry, Fibla and Méndez (2015).Evolution and Conservation on Top of the World: Phylogeography of the Marbled Water Frog (Telmatobius marmoratus Species Complex; Anura, Telmatobiidae) in Protected Areas of Chile.J.Hered. 106 (S1): 546-559.DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv039
- ^Halliday, T. (2016).The Book of Frogs: A Life-Size Guide to Six Hundred Species from around the World.University Of Chicago Press.ISBN978-0226184654
- ^Barrionuevo, J. Sebastián (September 2018)."Growth and cranial development in the Andean frogs of the genus Telmatobius (Anura: Telmatobiidae): Exploring the relation of heterochrony and skeletal diversity".Journal of Morphology.279(9): 1269–1281.doi:10.1002/jmor.20855.hdl:11336/96454.ISSN0362-2525.
- ^abStuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani and Young, editors (2008).Threatened Amphibians of the World.ISBN978-84-96553-41-5
- ^abMayer, L.R. (14 February 2019)."A Tale Of Two Frogs (And Some Of The Biologists Who Love Them)".Global Wildlife Conservation.Retrieved24 January2020.
- ^De la Riva (2005). Bolivian frogs of the genus Telmatobius: synopsis, taxonomic comments, and description of a new species. Monogr. Herpetol. 7:65-101.
- ^Sáez, Fibla, Correa, Sallaberry, Salinas, Veloso, Mella, Iturra, and Méndez (2014).A new endemic lineage of the Andean frog genus Telmatobius (Anura, Telmatobiidae) from the western slopes of the central Andes.Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171: 769–782.
External links
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