TheProvince of Temeşvar(Ottoman Turkish:;ایالت طمشوار Eyālet-i Tımışvār)[2]was a first-level administrative unit (eyalet) of theOttoman Empire.It existed from1552to1716.Provincial administration was centered inTemeşvar(today'sTimișoara) from 1552 to 1659, and again from 1693 to 1716. During the 1659-1693 interval, its second capital wasYanova(today'sIneu), and within that period, it was also known as theProvince of Yanova.The province was located in theBanatregion ofCentral Europe.Besides Banat, it also included southern parts of theCrișanaregion, north of theMureș River.Its territory is now divided betweenHungary,Romania,andSerbia.[3][4][5]
| Province of Temeşvar Eyâlet-i Tımışvar(Ottoman Turkish) Pașalâcul Timișoarei(Romanian) Temišvarski ejalet(Bosnian) Temesvári vilajet(Hungarian) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eyaletof theOttoman Empire | |||||||||||
| 1552–1716 | |||||||||||
 The Temeşvar Province in 1683 | |||||||||||
| Capital | Tımışvar (Timișoara,Romania) 1552-1659 and 1693-1716, Yanova (Ineu,Romania) 1659-1693[1] | ||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||
| • Coordinates | 45°45′N21°13′E/ 45.750°N 21.217°E | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
| 1552 | |||||||||||
| 1716 | |||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Today part of | |||||||||||
Names
edit
The name of the province inOttoman TurkishwasEyâlet-i TemeşvarorEyâlet-i Tımışvar(inModern Turkish:Temeşvar EyaletiorTamışvar Eyaleti), inHungarianwasTemesvári vilajet,inRomanianwasEialetul TimișoareiorPașalâcul Timișoara,inSerbianwas Темишварски ејалет orTemišvarski ejalet.The province was named after its administrative seat,Temeşvar.The Turkish nameTemeşvaris given after the Hungarian one,Temesvármeaning"Castle on theTemes"(River).
History
edit
Upon the initial dissolution of theEastern Hungarian Kingdomin the summer of 1551, much of its territories, including theTemes Countyand the surrounding regions, were integrated into the HabsburgKingdom of Hungary,thus provoking the reaction of theOttoman Empire,that invaded the region in the autumn of the same year, taking several cities, but not being able to conquer Temeşvar.[6]
The Eyalet of Temeşvar was formed in 1552, when theHungariancastle of Temesvár defended by the troop of István Losonczy was finallycapturedby theOttoman troopsled byKara Ahmed Pashaon July 26, 1552.[7]
The Eyalet was led by avali(governor) orbeylerbey(sometimes with position ofpashaorvizir), whose residence was at the formerHunyadi Castlein Temeşvar (1552-1659 and 1693-1716), and also in Yanova (1659-1693).[1]
It existed until 1716, when its territory was conquered by theHabsburg monarchyduring theAustro-Turkish War(1716–1718). In 1718, the Habsburgs formed a new province in this region, named theBanat of Temeswar.[8]
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The Eyalet of Temeşvar andBanate of Lugos and Karansebesin 1568 -
The Temeşvar Eyalet, mid-17th century -
The Eyalet of Temeşvar in 1699 -
Map from 1700 (Eyalet of Temeşvar depicted in red)
Administrative divisions
editUpon creation in 1552, the Eyalet of Temeşvar was divided into thesesanjaks:
- Sanjak of Tımışvar (Timișoara)
- Sanjak of Arad (seat transferred to Güle (Gyula) in 1566, thus being renamed as the Sanjak of Güle)[3]
- Sanjak of Çanad(Cenad,formed by expanding the Sanjak of Beçkerek (Bečkerek/Zrenjaninthat was initially created in 1551)[9][10]
- Sanjak of Lipva (Lipova)
- Sanjak of Modava (Moldova Nouă)
By the end of the 16th century new sanjaks were created:
- Sanjak of Pankota (Pâncota,created in 1565, seat transferred to Yanova (Ineu) in c. 1574)[11]
- Sanjak of Orşova (Orșova)
During the 17th century additional sanjaks were created:
- Sanjak of Fenlak (Felnac)
- Sanjak of Çakova (Ciacova)
- Sanjak of Lagoş (Lugoj,created in 1658)
- Sanjak of Şebeş (Caransebeș,created in 1658)
- Sanjak of Pançova (Pančevo,mentioned in 1695)
Sanjaks of Güle, Yanova and Fenlak, and northern parts of the Çanad and Lipva sanjaks were transferred to Habsburg Monarchy after signing of theTreaty of Karlowitz(1699).
The eyalet consisted of five sanjaks between 1700 and 1701:[12]
Note: Before theTreaty of Karlowitz,Sanjak of Segedinwas part of theEğri Eyalet.Most of this sanjak (including its administrative center, Segedin) was transferred to theHabsburg monarchyin 1699. Small eastern part of the sanjak on the left bank of the riverTisaremained withinOttoman Empire. |
According toSancak Tevcih Defteri,the eyalet consisted of six sanjaks between 1701 and 1702:[12]
|
The eyalet consisted of three sanjaks between 1707 and 1713:[12]
|
Governors
edit- Kazim-beyorGazi Kasim-pasha(1552–1554)[13]
- Hasan-pasha(1594)[14]
- Sofi Sinan-pasha(1594)[15]
- Hasan-pasha, the younger (1594)[16]
- Mustafa Pasha(fl.July 1594)
- Dželalija Hasan-paša(1604–1605)
- Ahmed-paša Dugalić(1605–)
- Ibrahim-pasha(1687)[17]
- Ibrahim-pasha(1701-)[18]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^abKolçak 2020,p. 77.
- ^"Some Provinces of the Ottoman Empire".Geonames.de.Retrieved25 February2013.
- ^abDávid 1994,p. 143-162.
- ^Dávid 1999,p. 113-128.
- ^Kolçak 2020,p. 69-86.
- ^Dávid & Fodor 1994.
- ^abSadık Müfit Bilge, "Macaristan'da Osmanlı Hakimiyetinin ve İdarî Teşkilatının Kuruluşu ve Gelişmesi",Ankara Üniversitesi Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi(OTAM), Sayı: 11 Sayfa: 033-081, 2000,p. 59.(in Turkish)
- ^Dabić 2011,p. 191-208.
- ^Káldy-Nagy 2000.
- ^Dávid 2000,p. 287.
- ^Fodor 1999,p. 67-86.
- ^abcKılıç 1997,p. 48-49.
- ^Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 151.
- ^Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 194.
- ^Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 195.
- ^Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 198.
- ^Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 232.
- ^Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 249.
Sources
edit- Dabić, Vojin S. (2011)."The Habsburg-Ottoman War of 1716-1718 and Demographic Changes in the War-Afflicted Territories".The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718.West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. pp. 191–208.
- Dávid, Géza; Fodor, Pál, eds. (1994).Hungarian-Ottoman Military and Diplomatic Relations in the Age of Süleyman the Magnificent.Budapest: Loránd Eötvös University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of History.
- Dávid, Géza (1994)."The Sancakbegis of Arad and Gyula".Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae.46(1992–1993): 143–162.
- Dávid, Géza (1999)."The Eyalet of temesvár in the Eighteenth Century".Oriente Moderno.79(18): 113–128.
- Dávid, Géza (2000)."An Ottoman Military Career on the Hungarian Borders: Kasim Voyvoda, Bey, and Pasha".Ottomans, Hungarians, and Habsburgs in Central Europe: The Military Confines in the Era of Ottoman Conquest.Leden-Boston-Köln: Brill. pp. 265–297.
- Fodor, Pál (1999)."Who should obtain the castle of Pankota (1565)? Interest groups and self-promotion in the mid-sixteenth-century Ottoman political establishment".Turcica.31:67–86.
- Káldy-Nagy, Gyula (2000).A csanádi szandzsák 1567. és 1579. évi összeírása.Szeged: Csongrád Megyei Levéltár.
- Kılıç, Orhan (1997).18. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'nin İdari Taksimatı: Eyalet ve Sancak Tevcihatı.Elazığ: Şark Pazarlama.
- Kolçak, Özgür (2020)."Köprülü enterprises in Yanova ([Boros]Jenő/Ineu) and Varad ([Nagy]Várad/Oradea): Consolidating Ottoman power and accumulating family wealth (1657-1664)".Archivum Ottomanicum.37:69–86.
Further reading
edit- Gavrilović, Slavko (1993)."Serbs in Hungary, Slavonia and Croatia in struggles against the Turks (15th-18th centuries)".Serbs in European Civilization.Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 41–54.
- Hegyi, Klára (2000)."The Ottoman Network of Fortresses in Hungary".Ottomans, Hungarians, and Habsburgs in Central Europe: The Military Confines in the Era of Ottoman Conquest.Leden-Boston-Köln: Brill. pp. 163–193.
