Brodmann area 38,alsoBA38ortemporopolar area 38 (H),is part of thetemporalcortexin thehuman brain.BA 38 is at the anterior end of the temporal lobe, known as the temporal pole.
| Brodmann area 38 | |
|---|---|
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 | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | area temporopolaris |
| NeuroLexID | birnlex_1771 |
| FMA | 68635 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |
BA38 is a subdivision of thecytoarchitecturallydefinedtemporal regionofcerebral cortex.It is located primarily in the most rostral portions of thesuperior temporal gyrusand themiddle temporal gyrus.Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded caudally by theinferior temporal area 20,themiddle temporal area 21,thesuperior temporal area 22and theectorhinal area 36(Brodmann-1909).
The temporal pole is aparalimbicregion involved in high level semantic representation and socio-emotional processing. Theuncinate fasciculusprovides a direct bidirectional path to the orbitofrontal cortex, allowing mnemonic representations stored in the temporal pole to bias decision making in the frontal lobe. The temporal pole appears to be a convergence zone where concepts (also known assemantic memories) that are stored in the ventral anterior temporal lobe are imbued with emotional significance and personal meaning.[1]In addition, concepts of individual people, abstracted away from the perceptual representations, are stored in a “face patch” in the temporal pole. This face patch is found in both non-human primates and humans.[2]This relates to early work showing that damage to the temporal pole can cause an amnesticprosopagnosiain which recognition of familiar faces is lost.[2]
Bilateral damage to the temporal poles, though rare, can cause dramatic changes in personality.Klüver-Bucy syndromeinvolves damage to the greater temporal pole as well as theamygdala.In this disorder, people and animals demonstrate fearlessness, hypersexuality, and hyperorality.[1]
This area is among the earliest affected byAlzheimer's disease,frontotemporal dementia,frontotemporal lobar degeneration,and is commonly involved at the start oftemporal lobe seizures.[3]
Cytoarchitectonic and chemoarchitectonic studies find that it contains at least seven subareas, one of which, "TG", is unique to humans.[3]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^abOlson, IR; Plotzker, A; Ezzyat, Y (2007)."The Enigma tic temporal poles: A review of findings on social and emotional processing".Brain.130(7): 1718–1731.doi:10.1093/brain/awm052.PMID17392317.
- ^abVon der Heide, RJ; Skipper, LM; Olson, IR (2013)."Anterior temporal face patches: A meta-analysis and empirical study".Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.7:17.doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00017.PMC3561664.PMID23378834.
- ^abDing, S. L.; Van Hoesen, G. W.; Cassell, M. D.; Poremba, A. (2009)."Parcellation of human temporal polar cortex: A combined analysis of multiple cytoarchitectonic, chemoarchitectonic, and pathological markers".The Journal of Comparative Neurology.514(6): 595–623.doi:10.1002/cne.22053.PMC3665344.PMID19363802.
External links
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