Teplice(Czech pronunciation:[ˈtɛplɪtsɛ],until 1948Teplice-Šanov;German:Teplitz,Teplitz-Schönau) is a city in theÚstí nad Labem Regionof theCzech Republic.It has about 51,000 inhabitants. It is the most populous Czechspa town,followed byKarlovy Vary.The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected by law as anurban monument zone.
Teplice | |
|---|---|
 Castle square with the Church of Saint John the Baptist | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Teplice Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates:50°38′40″N13°49′55″E/ 50.64444°N 13.83194°E | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | Ústí nad Labem |
| District | Teplice |
| First mentioned | 1158 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Jiří Štábl (ANO) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 23.78 km2(9.18 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 228 m (748 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01)[1] | |
| • Total | 50,959 |
| • Density | 2,100/km2(5,600/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1(CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2(CEST) |
| Postal code | 415 01 |
| Website | www |
Administrative division
editTeplice comprises the administrative parts of Teplice, Hudcov, Nová Ves, Prosetice, Řetenice,Sobědruhyand Trnovany.[2]
Etymology
editThe Old Czech wordtepliceis an Old Czech word meaning 'warm (hot) water'.[3]
Geography
editTeplice is located about 14 kilometres (9 mi) west ofÚstí nad Labemand 72 km (45 mi) northwest ofPrague.The northern part of the municipal territory lies in theMost Basin,the southern part lies in theCentral Bohemian Uplands.The highest point is the hill Doubravská hora at 393 m (1,289 ft) above sea level. There are several small fish ponds in the territory.
History
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According to the 1541Annales Bohemorumby chroniclerWenceslaus Hajek,thethermal springsare fabled to have been discovered as early as 762; however, the first authentic mention of the baths occurred in the 16th century. The settlement of Trnovany was first documented in a 1057 deed, while Teplice proper was first mentioned in 1154, whenJudith of Thuringia,queen consort of KingVladislaus II of Bohemia,founded aBenedictineconvent near the hot springs, the second inBohemia.[4]A fortified town arose around the monastery, which was destroyed in the course of theHussite Warsafter the 1426Battle of Aussig.In the late 15th century, queen consortJoanna of Rožmitál,wife of KingGeorge of Poděbrady,had a castle erected on the ruins.
Teplice figures in the history of theThirty Years' War,when it was a possession of theProtestantBohemian nobleVilém Kinský,who was assassinated together with GeneralissimoAlbrecht von WallensteininChebin 1634. TheHabsburgemperorFerdinand IIthereafter enfeoffed castle and town to his generalJohann von Aldringen,who nevertheless was killed in battle in the same year, and Teplice fell to his sister Anna Maria von Clary-Aldringen. Consequently, and until 1945, Teplice Castle was the primarily seat of theprincelyHouse ofClary-Aldringen.After theThirty Years' War,the devastated town was the destination of many German settlers.
After a blaze in 1793, large parts of the town were rebuilt in aNeoclassicalstyle. The health resort was a popular venue for wealthy bourgeois like the poetJohann Gottfried Seume,who died on his stay in 1810, orLudwig van Beethoven,who met here withJohann Wolfgang von Goethein 1812; as well as for European monarchs. During the NapoleonicWar of the Sixth Coalition,Teplice in August 1813 was the site where EmperorFrancis I of Austria,EmperorAlexander I of Russiaand KingFrederick William III of Prussiafirst signed the triple alliance againstNapoleon I of Francethat led to the coalition victory at the nearbyBattle of Kulm.
In 1895, Teplice merged with neighbouring Lázně Šanov (Schönau). Upon the dissolution ofAustria-HungaryafterWorld War Iand the 1919Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye,the predominantlyGerman-speaking population found itself in newly establishedCzechoslovakia.According to the 1930 census there were 30 799 people living in the city (5,232 persons of Czechoslovak ethnicity, 12 persons of Hungarian ethnicity, 23,127 persons of German ethnicity and 667 of Jewish ethnicity).[5]Right-wing political groups like theGerman National Socialist Worker's Partyreferred to themselves asVolksdeutscheand began to urge for a unification with Germany, their efforts laid the foundation for the rise of theSudeten German PartyunderKonrad Henleinafter 1933. With theSudetenland,Teplice was annexed byNazi Germanyaccording to the 1938Munich Agreementand incorporated intoReichsgau Sudetenland.[citation needed]In 1930, 3,213 Jews lived in Teplice, 10% of the population. Under the Nazi regime they facedthe Holocaust in the Sudetenland.Many fled and the Teplice Synagogue was burnt duringKristallnacht.[6][7]
AfterWorld War IIthe Czechoslovak government enacted theBeneš decrees,whereafter the German-speaking majority of the population wasexpelledfrom Teplice. In 1945, the Princes of Clary-Aldringen, lords of Teplice since 1634, wereexpropriated.
In 1994,Jaroslav Kuberaof theODSbecame mayor of Teplice and he held the position until 2018.
Demographics
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Economy
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The largest employers based in the city areAGC Flat Glass Czech(manufacturer of flat glass for the construction and automotive industries) and Severočeská servisní (a company that deals with construction and maintenance of pipelines), both with more than 1,000 employees.[10]
Spa
editOne of the most important employers is the spa. The thermal mineral springs were mentioned already in 1154, which makes the spa the oldest in the country andCentral Europe.[11]The Pravřídlo spring reaches a temperature of 41 °C.[12]The spa focuses on treatment ofmusculoskeletal disorders,nervous system diseases,andvascular diseases.[13]
Culture
editThe city used to be nicknamed "Little Paris" and "Salon of Europe" for its spa architecture and cultural level until World War II.[14]The opening of the spa season is an annual three-day celebration with a rich cultural program.[15]TheKrušnohorské Theatreis the city's main venue foroperasand plays.[16]
Sport
editTeplice is home to the professionalfootballclubFK Tepliceplaying in theCzech First League.The stadiumNa Stínadlechis one of the largest in the country and has hosted international matches.
Sights
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The main landmark is Teplice Castle. It houses a regional museum with historic castle interiors and a library. In the inner courtyard of the castle, there is a unique Romanesque exposition with the remains of QueenJudithand the remains of a Romanesque basilica with a rarely preserved Romanesque crypt. Adjoining the castle is a large castle garden.[17]
The Church of Saint John the Baptist is a baroque building from 1594, rebuilt in 1703 to its current form. Its tower is open to the public and serves as a lookout tower.[18]
The neo-Gothic Church of Saint Bartholomew was built in 1884 for German population of Lutheran faith. After their expulsion, the church changed owners several times and ceased to serve its purpose. Today it is conserved as a cultural monument and there are expositions concerning the history of the Jewish community in Teplice, and other.[19]
Doubravka Castle is a castle ruin located in Trnovany part of Teplice. It was built in 1483 and conquered in 1639 during the Thirty Years' War. The castle began to serve as a destination for walks and in the 19th century, a restaurant and the neo-Gothic extension were built. Today there is a restaurant and a private lookout tower.[20]
Paleontology
editFossilsof anelasmosaurid plesiosaur(large carnivorous marine reptile from theCretaceous period) were found near Teplice at the end of the 19th century. In the village of Hudcov (a part of Teplice), plesiosaurCimoliasaurusteplicensiswas described in 1906 by Czech paleontologistAntonín Frič.[21]
Notable people
edit- Julius von Payer(1841–1915), Austrian arctic explorer
- August Stradal(1860–1930), pianist
- Karl Pohlig(1864–1928), conductor
- Prince Siegfried von Clary-Aldringen(1848–1920), Austro-Hungarian diplomat
- Humbert Achamer-Pifrader(1900–1945), Austrian jurist and member of the SS
- Paul Kohner(1902–1988), Austrian-American film producer
- Frederick Kohner(1905–1986), Austrian-American writer
- Marianne Winder(1918–2001), British librarian
- Felix Holzmann(1921–2001), comedian
- Helmut Pfleger(born 1943), German chess grandmaster
- Jaromír Kohlíček(1953–2020), politician
- Bohdan Chlíbec(born 1963), poet
- Daniela Peštová(born 1970), model
- Robert Lang(born 1970), ice hockey player
- Lucie Králová(born 1982), Miss Czech Republic 2005
Residents
edit- Adam Adamandy Kochański(1631–1700), mathematician; died here
- Johann Gottfried Seume(1763–1810), poet; died here
- Ludwig van Beethoven(1770–1827), composer; began writing hisSymphony No. 7here in 1812
- Novalis(1772–1801), poet and philosopher; wrote his "Teplitz Fragments" while staying here[22]
- Karl Ludwig von Ficquelmont(1777–1857), Austrian diplomat and statesman; resided here at his daughter's castle
- Dorothea de Ficquelmont(1804–1863); died here at her daughter's castle
- Richard Wagner(1813–1883), began composing the music to his operaTannhäuserhere during a vacation in 1843
- Adolf Kurrein(1846–1919), rabbi of Teplice from 1888
- Count Manfred von Clary-Aldringen(1852–1928), Austro-Hungarian statesman; resided here in his family's castle
- Otto Tetens(1865–1945), astronomer; died here
- Oscar Straus(1870–1954) worked here as aKapellmeister
- Ruth von Mayenburg(1907–1993), writer; grew up here
- Kurt Eichhorn(1908–1994), conductor; worked here
- František Fajtl(1912–2006), fighter pilot and writer; studied here in 1928–1932
References
edit- ^"Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024".Czech Statistical Office.17 May 2024.
- ^"Části obcí".Územně identifikační registr ČR(in Czech).Retrieved14 November2023.
- ^Profous, Antonín (1957).Místní jména v Čechách IV: S–Ž(in Czech). p. 327.
- ^"Historie"(in Czech). Lázně Teplice.Retrieved25 November2021.
- ^Encyklopedie branné moci Republiky Československé, Jiří Fidler & Václav Sluka
- ^Osterloh, Jörg (2015). "Sudetenland". In Gruner, Wolf; Osterloh, Jörg (eds.).The Greater German Reich and the Jews: Nazi Persecution Policies in the Annexed Territories 1935–1945.War and Genocide. Translated by Heise, Bernard. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 68–98.ISBN978-1-78238-444-1.
- ^Kocourek, Ludomír (1997). "Das Schicksal der Juden im Sudetengau im Licht der erhaltenen Quellen" [The Fate of the Jews in Sudetengau in Light of the Surviving Sources].Theresienstädter Studien und Dokumente(in German) (4): 86–104.CEEOL155844.
- ^"Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011"(in Czech).Czech Statistical Office.21 December 2015.
- ^"Population Census 2021: Population by sex".Public Database.Czech Statistical Office.27 March 2021.
- ^"Registr ekonomických subjektů".Business Register(in Czech). Czech Statistical Office.Retrieved9 November2023.
- ^"Lázně Teplice v Čechách – nejstarší lázně střední Evropy"(in Czech). Lázně Teplice.Retrieved25 November2021.
- ^"Thermal mineral spring".Lázně Teplice.Retrieved25 November2021.
- ^"Treatment methods".Lázně Teplice.Retrieved25 November2021.
- ^"#světovéČesko a malý pařížský výlet do Teplic"(in Czech). CzechTourism. 14 July 2021.Retrieved21 July2023.
- ^"Lázeňská 2023"(in Czech). Lázně Teplice.Retrieved21 July2023.
- ^Kobzová, Jana; Matoušková, Anna (1999).The Cultural Heritage of the Czech Republic on the Threshold of the Third Millennium: European Heritage Days, Campaign Europe--a Common Heritage.Association of Historical Settlements in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. p. 163.
- ^"Teplický zámek"(in Czech). Město Teplice.Retrieved15 July2021.
- ^"Kostel sv. Bartoloměje"(in Czech). Město Teplice.Retrieved15 July2021.
- ^"Kostel sv. Jana Křtitele"(in Czech). Město Teplice.Retrieved15 July2021.
- ^"Hrad Doubravka"(in Czech). Město Teplice.Retrieved15 July2021.
- ^"Skutečná česká lochneska"(in Czech). Osel.cz. 20 March 2020.Retrieved19 October2023.
- ^Novalis: Philosophical Writings
External links
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