Wikipedia

The Breakfast Club

For other uses, seeBreakfast Club (disambiguation).

The Breakfast Clubis a 1985 Americanindie[4][5]teencoming-of-agecomedy-drama filmwritten, produced, and directed byJohn Hughes.It starsEmilio Estevez,Paul Gleason,Anthony Michael Hall,Judd Nelson,Molly Ringwald,andAlly Sheedy.The film tells the story of five teenagers from different high school cliques who serve a Saturdaydetentionoverseen by their authoritarianvice principal.

The Breakfast Club
The five main characters huddled together, four seated in various poses and a girl lying across in front.
Theatrical release poster
Directed byJohn Hughes
Written byJohn Hughes
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyThomas Del Ruth
Edited byDede Allen
Music byKeith Forsey
Production
companies
Distributed byUniversal Pictures
Release dates
  • February 7, 1985(1985-02-07)(Los Angeles)
  • February 15, 1985(1985-02-15)(United States)
Running time
97 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$1 million[2]
Box office$51.5 million[3]

Hughes had written the script in 1982, and began casting for the film after the release ofSixteen Candles(1984). Filming took place from March to May 1984, and the entire film was shot atMaine North High SchoolinDes Plaines, Illinois.

The film premiered in Los Angeles on February 7, 1985, and was theatrically released byUniversal Pictureson February 15, 1985. It grossed $51.5 million against a $1 million budget, and earned acclaim from critics, who consider it to be one of Hughes's most memorable and recognized works. The media subsequently referred to the film's five main actors as members of a group called the "Brat Pack".In 2015, the film was digitally remastered and was re-screened in 430 theaters in celebration of its 30th anniversary.[6]

In 2016,The Breakfast Clubwas selected for preservation in the United StatesNational Film Registryby theLibrary of Congressas being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[7][8][9][10]The film has been considered as one of the best films of the 1980s, and one of the best teen films of all time.

Plot

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On Saturday, March 24, 1984, five students atShermer High Schoolin Shermer, Illinois, report for an all-day detention: socially awkward Brian Johnson (Hall), jock Andrew Clark (Estevez), shy loner Allison Reynolds (Sheedy), popular girl Claire Standish (Ringwald), and rebellious delinquent John Bender (Nelson). They gather in the school library and meet with their vice principal Richard Vernon (Gleason), who warns them not to talk or move from their seats and assigns each of them the task of writing a thousand-word essay describing "who you think you are."

Bender ignores the rules and spends his time antagonizing the others and defying Vernon, who gives him eight additional weekends of detention. The students sneak off to retrieve Bender'smarijuanastash from his locker. When they see Vernon returning to the library, Bender deliberately gets caught to allow the others to sneak back in. Locked in a storage closet as punishment, Bender is berated by Vernon even further who tells him that he wants Bender to prove howtoughhe is and is offered a chance to punch Vernon but fails to act. He soon escapes into the ceiling panels and falls into the library, where the others hide him from Vernon.

The students pass the time arguing, listening to music, and smoking marijuana, gradually opening up about their home lives and their reasons for being in detention:

  • Claire's popularity subjects her to intensepeer pressure,while her bickering parents use her against each other. She received detention for skipping school to go shopping.
  • Bender reveals thephysical abusehe and his mother suffer at the hands of his father, includingcigar burns,as well as other injuries he has sustained from his father physically abusing him. He is serving detention for pulling a false fire alarm.
  • Andrew became influenced by jock culture and is intimidated by his father to succeed inwrestling.He was given detention for taping a student'sbuttockstogether in an attempt to win both his teammates' and his father's approval.
  • Brian is under so much academic pressure from his parents to get good grades that he contemplated suicide after getting an F inshop class.He was sent to detention for bringing aflare gunto school.
  • Allison is compulsively dishonest withneglectfulparents, constantly stealing things to use should she ever run away from home. She admits that she showed up to detention for lack of anything better to do.

Despite their differences, the students realize they all face similar problems; Andrew and Allison bond over their complex relationships with their parents; Brian and Claire each feel anxiety over being a virgin. Still, the group suspects that their new friendships will end once detention is over. Meanwhile, Vernon complains to the janitor, Carl, that students have become less disciplined and more arrogant compared to the ones he had when he was a teacher, but Carl suggests that Vernon is the one who has changed and cares too much about what the students think of him.

The others convince Brian to complete Vernon's essay on the group's behalf. Claire gives Allison amakeover,which sparks romantic interest from Andrew, and Bender crawls back to the closet, where Claire challenges her "pristine" reputation by kissing him. As the students part ways, Allison and Andrew kiss, and she rips the state championship patch off his letterman jacket to keep; Claire gives Bender one of her diamond earrings, and they share their own kiss.

Vernon reads Brian's essay, which asserts that the vice principal has madepetty assumptionsabout all of them and declares that "each one of us is a brain (Brian), an athlete (Andrew), a basket case (Allison), a princess (Claire), and a criminal (Bender)." "Does that answer your question? Sincerely yours, the Breakfast Club." Finally, Bender walks home across the school's football field and raises his fist in the air triumphantly as he leaves.

Cast

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  • Emilio Estevezas Andrew Clark, an "athlete" who is in Saturday detention for taping another student's butt cheeks together
  • Paul Gleasonas Richard Vernon, the domineering vice principal of Shermer High School who oversees the Saturday detention
  • Anthony Michael Hallas Brian Johnson, a "brain" who is in Saturday detention for taking aflare gunto school
  • John Kapelosas Carl Reed, a janitor at Shermer High School who is on friendly terms with Brian
  • Judd Nelsonas John Bender, a "criminal" who is in Saturday detention for setting off the fire alarm
  • Molly Ringwaldas Claire Standish, a "princess" who is in Saturday detention for skipping school
  • Ally Sheedyas Allison Reynolds, a "basket case" who was not in Saturday detention but goes anyway
  • Ron Deanas Mr. Clark, Andrew's father
  • Mercedes Hall as Mrs. Johnson, Brian's mother
  • Mary Christian as Brian's sister
  • Tim Gamble as Mr. Standish, Claire's father
  • Perry Crawford & Fran Gargano as (respectively) Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds, Allison's parents
  • John Hughesas Mr. Johnson (uncredited cameo), Brian's father

Production

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Development

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The title was originallyThe Lunch Bunch,but a friend of John's from another school had a detention class called "The Breakfast Club", so he decided to go with that.[11]Hughes wrote the script around the time when he was writingSixteen Candles,but he wrote theSixteen Candlesscript in mere days and it impressed the studio executives and they chose it to be his directorial debut.[12]

Casting

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Molly RingwaldandAnthony Michael Hallboth starred in Hughes's 1984 filmSixteen Candles.Towards the end of filming, Hughes asked them to be inThe Breakfast Club.Hall became the first to be cast, agreeing to the role of Brian Johnson; his real-life mother and sister played his character's mother and sister in the film. Ringwald was originally approached to play the character of Allison Reynolds, but she was "really upset" because she wanted to play Claire Standish (then named "Cathy" in the first draft of the script), which saw the auditions ofRobin Wright,Jodie Foster,Diane LaneandLaura Dern.She eventually convinced Hughes and the studio to give her the part.[13]The role of Allison ultimately went toAlly Sheedy.[14]

Emilio Estevezwas originally cast in the role of John Bender, but when Hughes was unable to find someone to play Andrew Clark, Estevez was recast.Nicolas Cagewas considered for the role of John Bender, which was the last role to be cast, though the role was narrowed down toJohn CusackandJudd Nelson.Alan Ruckalso auditioned for the role.[15]Hughes originally cast Cusack, but decided to replace him with Nelson before shooting began, because Cusack did not look intimidating enough for the role. At one point, Hughes was disappointed in Nelson because he stayed in character and harassed Ringwald off-camera, with the other actors having to convince Hughes to not fire him.[13][16]Rick Moraniswas originally cast as the janitor but was released by Ned Tanen, who felt that Moranis' portrayal as an over-the-top Russian caricature didn't suit the serious nature of the film. Moranis was replaced byJohn Kapelos.[17][18]: 56–57 

Filming

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In 1999, Hughes said that his request to direct the film met with resistance and skepticism because he lacked filmmaking experience.[19]He ultimately convinced the film's investors that due to the modest $1 million budget and its single-location shoot, he could greatly minimize their risk. Hughes originally thought thatThe Breakfast Clubwould be his directorial debut. He opted for an insular, largely one-room set and wrote about high school students, who would be played by younger actors.[18]: 47 

Principal photographybegan on March 28, 1984, and ended in May. Filming took place atMaine North High SchoolinDes Plaines, Illinois,which had been closed in May 1981. The same setting was used for interior scenes of Hughes's 1986 filmFerris Bueller's Day Off,which featured exterior shots from nearbyGlenbrook North High School.The appearance of the library at Maine North High, considered too small for use in the film, prompted the crew to build a virtually identical but larger set in the school's gymnasium.[18]: 58 The actors rehearsed for three weeks and then shot the film in sequence.[18]: 59, 69 Nelson tried other opinions for the ending scene until eventually landing the fist pump.[11]On theFerris Bueller's Day OffDVD commentary (featured on the 2004 DVD version), Hughes revealed that he shot the two films concurrently to save time and money, and some outtakes of both films feature elements of the film crews working on the other film. The first print was 150 minutes in length.[20]

During a cast reunion in honor of the film's 25th anniversary, Ally Sheedy revealed that a director's cut existed; but Hughes's widow, who was also present, did not disclose any details concerning its whereabouts.[16]In 2015, the first draft of the film's script was discovered in a Maine South High School cabinet as district employees were moving offices to a new building.[21]

Poster

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The film's poster, featuring the five characters huddled together, was photographed byAnnie Leibovitztoward the end of shooting. The shot of five actors gazing at the camera influenced the way teen films were marketed from that point on.[18]: 79–80, 325–326 The poster refers to the five "types" of the story using slightly different terms than those used in the film, and in a different sequence, stating "They were five total strangers with nothing in common, meeting for the first time. A brain, a beauty, a jock, a rebel and a recluse".The Breakfast Clubposter "family shot", notably including Bender's raised fist, was satirized in the poster for the comedy-horror filmThe Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2.[22]It also inspired the title page of chapter 29 of the manga seriesAkane-banashi.[23]

Themes

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The main theme of the film is the constant struggle of the American teenager to be understood, both by adults and by themselves. It explores the pressure put on teenagers to fit into their own realms of high school social constructs, as well as the lofty expectations of their parents, teachers, and other authority figures. On the surface, the students have little in common with each other, but they eventually bond over a common disdain for the aforementioned issues of peer pressure and parental expectations.[24][25]Stereotyping is another theme. Once the obvious stereotypes are broken down, the characters "empathize with each other's struggles, dismiss some of the inaccuracies of their first impressions, and discover that they are more similar than different".[26]The main adult character, Mr. Vernon, is portrayed with arguably no redeeming qualities; throughout the film, he consistently talks down to students, accesses private student information (then attempts to cover his tracks when confronted by a fellow employee) and forcefully flaunts his authority at each opportunity. He continually and aggressively challenges Bender, who is the only one of the group who chooses to stand up to him.[24]

Release

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The film premiered in Los Angeles on February 7, 1985.Universal Picturesreleased the film in cinemas on February 15, 1985, in the United States.[27]

Home media

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The Breakfast Clubwas first released onVHS[27][28]andLaserDisc.[29]In 2003, the film was released onDVDas part of the "High School Reunion Collection".[30]In 2008, a "Flashback Edition" DVD was released with several special features, including anaudio commentarywith Anthony Michael Hall and Judd Nelson.[31]A 25th Anniversary EditionBlu-raywas released in 2010,[32]and the same disc was re-released with a DVD anddigital copyin 2012 as part of Universal's 100th Anniversary series.[33][34]

On March 10, 2015, the 30th Anniversary Edition was released. This release was digitally remastered and restored from the original 35mm film negatives for better picture quality on DVD, Digital HD and Blu-ray.[35]The Criterion Collectionreleased a special edition two-disc DVD set and aBlu-raydisc on January 2, 2018. The transfer was the same as the previous release but included new features such as fifty minutes of new, deleted and extended scenes, anElectronic Press Kit,new and archival interviews, a 1985 excerpt of theTodayprogram, a new video essay and an episode ofThis American Life.[36][37]

Reception

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Critical response

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Roger Ebertawarded three stars out of four and called the performances "wonderful", adding that the film was "more or less predictable" but "doesn't need earthshaking revelations; it's about kids who grow willing to talk to one another, and it has a surprisingly good ear for the way they speak."[38]Gene Siskelof theChicago Tribunegave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, and wrote: "This confessional formula has worked in films as different asWho's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?,The Big Chill,andMy Dinner with Andreand it works here too. It works especially well inThe Breakfast Clubbecause we keep waiting for the film to break out of its claustrophobic set and give us a typical teenage movie sex-or-violence scene. That doesn't happen, much to our delight. "[39]Kathleen Carroll from theNew York Daily Newsstated, "Hughes has a wonderful knack for communicating the feelings of teenagers, as well as an obvious rapport with his exceptional cast–who deserve top grades."[40]

Other reviews were less positive.Janet MaslinofThe New York Timeswrote, "There are some good young actors inThe Breakfast Club,though a couple of them have been given unplayable roles ", namely Ally Sheedy and Judd Nelson, adding," The five young stars would have mixed well even without the fraudulent encounter-group candor towards whichThe Breakfast Clubforces them. Mr. Hughes, having thought up the characters and simply flung them together, should have left well enough alone. "[41]James Harwood ofVarietypanned the film as a movie that "will probably pass as deeply profound among today's teenage audience, meaning the youngsters in the film spend most of their time talking to each other instead of dancing, dropping their drawers and throwing food. This, on the other hand, should not suggest they have anything intelligent to say."[42]

Among retrospective reviews,James Berardinelliwrote in 1998: "Few will argue thatThe Breakfast Clubis a great film, but it has a candor that is unexpected and refreshing in a sea of too-often generic teen-themed films. The material is a little talky (albeit not in a way that will cause anyone to confuse it with something byÉric Rohmer), but it's hard not to be drawn into the world of these characters. "[43]

On thereview aggregatorwebsiteRotten Tomatoes,the film holds an approval rating of 89% based on 65 reviews, with an average rating of 7.70/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "The Breakfast Clubis a warm, insightful, and very funny look into the inner lives of teenagers ".[44]Metacriticgave the film aweighted averagescore of 66 out of 100 based on 25 reviews from mainstream critics, considered to be "generally favorable reviews".[45]

Writing in 2015,P. J. O'RourkecalledThe Breakfast ClubandFerris Bueller's Day Off"Hughes's masterwork[s]". He described the former film as an example of Hughes's politics, in that the students do not organize a protest, but "present themselves, like goodconservativesdo, as individuals and place the highest value, like this conservative does, on goofing off. Otherwise known as individual liberty. "[46]

Box office

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In February 1985, the film debuted at No. 3 at the box office (behindBeverly Hills CopandWitness).[47]Grossing $45,875,171 domestically and $51,525,171 worldwide, the film was a box office success, given its $1 million budget.[3]

Accolades

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Anthony Michael Hall,Judd Nelson,Molly Ringwald,Paul GleasonandAlly Sheedyall won a Silver Bucket of Excellence Award at the2005 MTV Movie Awards.

Award Nominee Result
Silver Bucket of Excellence Award Anthony Michael Hall
Judd Nelson
Paul Gleason
Molly Ringwald
Ally Sheedy		 Won

Legacy

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The Breakfast Clubhas been called the quintessential 1980s film.[48]In 2008,Empiremagazine ranked it at number 369 on theirThe 500 Greatest Movies of All Timelist.[49]It later ranked at number 38 on their 2014 list.[50]Similarly,The New York Timesplaced the film on itsBest 1000 Movies Everlist[51]andEntertainment Weeklyranked the film number 1 on its list of the 50 Best High School Movies.[52]In the 2001 parody filmNot Another Teen Movie,Gleason reprised his role as Assistant Principal Vernon in a short scene that parodiesThe Breakfast Club.[53]To emphasize its eminent position within the canon of American coming-of-age films and its continued influence to this day, scholar Björn Sonnenberg-Schrank calledThe Breakfast Club"theCitizen Kaneof the teen film genre ".[54]

In 2005, the film received the Silver Bucket of Excellence Award in honor of its 20th anniversary at theMTV Movie Awards.For the event, MTV attempted to reunite the original cast. Sheedy, Ringwald, and Hall appeared together on stage, with Kapelos in the audience; Gleason gave the award to his former castmates. Estevez could not attend because of other commitments, and Nelson appeared earlier in the show but left before the on-stage reunion, prompting Hall to joke that the two were "in Africa withDave Chappelle".Yellowcard performed Simple Minds' anthem for the film,"Don't You (Forget About Me)",at the awards. At the82nd Academy Awards(March 7, 2010), Sheedy, Hall, Ringwald, and Nelson all appeared in a tribute to John Hughes—who had died the prior year—along with other actors who had worked with him, includingJon CryerfromPretty in Pink,Matthew BroderickfromFerris Bueller's Day Off,andMacaulay CulkinfromHome Alone.In 2012, theNickelodeontelevision seriesVictorioushad their own spoof on the film, in the episode titled "The Breakfast Bunch".

In 2018,The New Yorkerpublished an article written by Ringwald in which she critiqued Hughes's films "in the age of#MeToo",beginning with a discussion of how she explained to her ten-year-old daughter what happened in the scene when her character seems to be sexually assaulted under a desk.[55]The essay provoked some to claim that Ringwald was criticising the director who made her into a film star, but she was defended byJenny Hanfor a "tender, fair-minded piece".[56]

Soundtrack

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The Breakfast Club (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
Soundtrack albumby
various artists
ReleasedFebruary 19, 1985
Recorded1984
GenreRock,new wave
Length37:59
LabelA&M
Producervarious artists
SinglesfromThe Breakfast Club (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
  1. "Don't You (Forget About Me)"
    Released: February 1985 (US)
  2. "Fire in the Twilight"
    Released: May 1985
Audio sample
"Don't You (Forget About Me)" bySimple Minds

The film'ssoundtrack,The Breakfast Club (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack),was produced by British pop musicianKeith Forseyand released on February 19, 1985, byA&M Records.The album peaked at No. 17 on the USBillboard200album chart. The song "Don't You (Forget About Me)",performed by Scottish rock bandSimple Minds,was released as a single on February 23, 1985, in the United States and reached No. 1 on theBillboardHot 100.[57]It was released on April 8, 1985, in the United Kingdom.

Track listing

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Side one
No.TitleWriter(s)PerformerLength
1."Don't You (Forget About Me)"Keith Forsey,Steve SchiffSimple Minds4:20
2."Waiting"K. Forsey, S. SchiffElizabeth Daily4:37
3."Fire in the Twilight"
Wang Chung3:51
4."I'm the Dude"K. Forsey, S. SchiffKeith Forsey2:10
5."Heart Too Hot to Hold"
  • Johnson
  • K. Forsey
  • Laurie Forsey
  • Michael Frondelli
Jesse Johnson& Stephanie Spruill4:25
Total length:19:23
Side two
No.TitleWriter(s)PerformerLength
1."Dream Montage"ChangGary Chang2:37
2."We Are Not Alone"
  • DeVito
  • Robbie Benson
  • Steve Goldstein
Karla DeVito3:39
3."The Reggae"ForseyKeith Forsey3:07
4."Didn't I Tell You"
  • K. Forsey
  • L. Forsey
  • S. Schiff
Joyce Kennedy4:47
5."Love Theme"ForseyKeith Forsey4:26
Total length:18:36

Overview

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The album contains ten songs that are played partially throughout the movie, performed by bands and singers of therockandnew wavegenre, including three instrumental songs by record producer Keith Forsey.[58]Simple Minds's international hit "Don't You (Forget About Me)"is played in the opening and closing credits.[59]A music video was made for this song and forWang Chung's "Fire in the Twilight" (reached No 110 on the USBillboard Hot 100).[60]Not included on the soundtrack is the "Colonel Bogey March"that the students arewhistlingwhen Principal Vernon walks into the room.[61][62]

Critical reception

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In a June 25, 1985 review forThe Village Voice,music criticRobert Christgaugave the album a "D−" and said that it has "utterly negligible" songs, and he commendedSimple Mindsfor trying to distance themselves from their song, "Don't You (Forget About Me)",best known for being played during the film's opening and closing credits.[63]In a retrospective review forAllMusic,Stephen Thomas Erlewinegave the soundtrack three out of five stars and wrote that, apart from Simple Minds' "undisputed masterpiece," the album is largely "disposable" and marred by "'80s artifacts" and "forgettable instrumentals".[58]

Cancelled sequel

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Hughes had considered a sequel to the film, focusing on the teens reuniting years later in their 30s while serving detention in university. Only now the polar opposite of how they were in the first film. The film was never made prior to Hughes' death.[64]

References

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