Wikipedia

The Death of Stalin

This article is about 2017 film. For the 1953 event, seeDeath and state funeral of Joseph Stalin.For other uses, seeDeath of Stalin (disambiguation).

The Death of Stalinis a 2017political satireblack comedyfilm written and directed byArmando Iannucciand co-written byDavid SchneiderandIan Martinwith Peter Fellows. Based on the French graphic novelLa Mort de Staline(2010–2012), the film depicts the internal social and political power struggle among the members of theSoviet Politburofollowing thedeath of leader Joseph Stalinin 1953. The French-British-Belgian co-production stars anensemble castthat includesSteve Buscemi,Simon Russell Beale,Paddy Considine,Rupert Friend,Jason Isaacs,Olga Kurylenko,Michael Palin,Andrea Riseborough,Dermot Crowley,Paul Chahidi,Adrian McLoughlin,Paul Whitehouse,andJeffrey Tambor.

The Death of Stalin
British theatrical release poster
Directed byArmando Iannucci
Written by
Screenplay byFabien Nury
Based on
La Mort de Staline
by
  • Fabien Nury (writer) &
  • Thierry Robin (illustrator)
Produced by
  • Yann Zenou
  • Laurent Zeitoun
  • Nicolas Duval Adassovsky
  • Kevin Loader
Starring
CinematographyZac Nicholson
Edited byPeter Lambert
Music byChristopher Willis
Production
companies
Distributed by
Release dates
  • 8 September 2017(2017-09-08)(TIFF)
  • 20 October 2017(2017-10-20)(United Kingdom)
  • 4 April 2018(2018-04-04)(France)
  • 18 April 2018(2018-04-18)(Belgium)
Running time
107 minutes[1]
Countries
  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Belgium
LanguageEnglish
Budget$13 million[2]
Box office$24.6 million[3]

The film premiered on 8 September 2017 at theToronto International Film Festival.It was released theatrically in theUnited KingdombyEntertainment One Filmson 20 October 2017, inFrancebyGaumonton 4 April 2018, and inBelgiumby September Film Distribution on 18 April 2018. It received critical acclaim and various accolades, including nominations for twoBritish Academy Film Awards,one of which was forOutstanding British Film,and 13British Independent Film Awards,four of which it won. There was fierce opposition to the film inRussia,where it was seen as "anti-Russian propaganda", and it was banned there, as well as inKyrgyzstan,for allegedly mocking the Soviet past and making fun of theUSSR.[4][5]

Plot

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On the night of 1 March 1953,Joseph Stalincalls theRadio Moscowdirector to demand a recording of the just-concluded live recital ofMozart'sPiano Concerto No. 23.The performance was not recorded; not wanting to anger Stalin, the director hurriedly refills the now-half-empty auditorium, fetches a new conductor to replace the original one, who has passed out, and orders the orchestra to play again. PianistMaria Yudinainitially refuses to perform for the cruel dictator, but ultimately is bribed to comply.

Meanwhile, Stalin is hosting a tense, but rowdy, gathering ofCentral Committeemembers at his home, theKuntsevo Dacha.AsForeign MinisterVyacheslav Molotovleaves,NKVD-headLavrentiy Beriareveals toNikita KhrushchevandDeputy ChairmanGeorgy Malenkovthat Molotov is to be part ofthe latest purge.When the concert recording arrives, Stalin finds a note Maria slipped in the record sleeve, admonishing Stalin and expressing hope for his death. He reads it, laughs, and suffers acerebral haemorrhage.Despite hearing him fall, Stalin's guards, fearful of being punished for disturbing him, do not enter his office.

Stalin's housemaid discovers him unconscious the next morning. The members of the Central Committee each learn about the situation through their own networks and rush to the dacha. Beria, the first to arrive, finds Maria's note. Once Malenkov, Khrushchev,Lazar Kaganovich,Anastas Mikoyan,andNikolai Bulganinarrive, the Committee finally decides to send for a team of doctors. Most of the best doctors in Moscow have been arrested for being part ofan alleged plot,thus the doctors who can be found are not impressive. After a brief bout ofterminal lucidity,Stalin dies. While the members of the Committee return to Moscow, Beria orders the NKVD to take over the city's security posts held by theSoviet Army.

Beria and Khrushchev vie for the support of Molotov and Stalin's children,Svetlanaand her unstable, alcoholic brotherVasily.Beria has Molotov removed from the list of those to be rounded up, and hasMolotov's wifereleased from prison. The Committee names Malenkovchairman.Essentially a puppet of Beria, Malenkov further exerts control by hijacking Khrushchev's proposed reforms, such as releasing political prisoners andloosening clerical restrictions.Khrushchev is relegated to planning Stalin's funeral.

After Beria learns Khrushchev and Maria are casually acquainted, he threatens Khrushchev with Maria's note. To create problems for the NKVD, Khrushchev reverses Beria's order to halt all transportation into Moscow. When 1,500 arriving mourners are killed, the Committee wants to blame junior NKVD officers. Beria angrily dissents, believing that would amount to blaming him, and threatens his colleagues with documents detailing their involvement in various purges.

Irate over the supplanting of the military by the NKVD,MarshalGeorgy Zhukovagrees to support Khrushchev in acoupagainst Beria, provided it occurs afterStalin's funeralthe next day and Khrushchev can get the rest of the Committee on board. With time running out, Khrushchev cannot get Malenkov to discuss his plan, but he tells everyone else that the decision is unanimous, and they commit themselves. Khrushchev gives Zhukov the greenlight, and the Soviet Army reclaims its posts from the NKVD. Zhukov, assisted by a group of soldiers led byKiril Moskalenko,storms into a meeting of the Committee and arrests Beria.

Malenkov does not intervene and reluctantly signs Beria's death warrant, horrified at what he had done to his victims. At Beria'semergency trial,Khrushchev accuses him ofcounter-revolutionary activities,sexual assault,andpedophilia,and immediately declares him guilty after evidence of the final accusation is delivered by the Soviet army. Beria begs for his life but is summarily shot in the head, and Zhukov has his body burned in the courtyard. Despite Svetlana's protests, Khrushchev sends her to Soviet-occupiedVienna,while keeping Vasily in Russia, where he can be watched. He concurs with Kaganovich that Malenkov is too weak to lead.

In 1956, Maria is the soloist at another performance of Concerto No. 23. Having triumphed over other members of the Committee to become the new leader of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev attends.Brezhnev,who will succeed Khrushchev in 1964, eyes Khrushchev from his seat.

Cast

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Note: At the time the film's events took place, many of the characters' real-life counterparts did not hold the positions listed in the film.

The film's credits reveal that several other historical figures are depicted in the film in small roles, among themZhou Enlai(played by Dave Wong) and MarshalIvan Konev(played by Daniel Fearn).

Production

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During the2016 Cannes Film Festival,it was announced that production on the film was set to begin in June, and thatJeffrey Tambor,Steve Buscemi,Olga Kurylenko,Timothy Dalton,Toby Kebbell,Michael Palin,Simon Russell Beale,Paddy Considine,andAndrea Riseboroughwere in "advanced talks to join the project."[6]By the time filming started on June 20,Adrian McLoughlinandPaul Whitehousehad joined the cast, andJason Isaacshad replaced Dalton as Georgy Zhukov, whileRupert Friendhad replaced Kebbell as Vasily Stalin.[7][8][9]Production wrapped on 6 August 2016.[7]

Scenes were shot on location inKyiv(exterior scenes and the exteriors of the Public Enemies building and the NKVD building),Moscow(theRed Gate Building), and the United Kingdom (Blythe House,Battersea Park,Mansion House,Fulham Town Hall,Goldsmiths' Hall,Shoreditch Town Hall,Freemasons' Hall,Alexandra Palace,andHammersmith Town Hallin London,MongewellPark inOxfordshire,Black ParkinBuckinghamshire,[10]andWrest ParkinBedfordshire).[11]The film'sscorewas composed byChristopher Willis,who tried to write in the style of Soviet composerDmitri Shostakovich.[12][13]

Release and reception

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Box office

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The Death of Stalinwas screened in the Platform section at the2017 Toronto International Film Festival.[14]It was released in theatres byeOne Filmsin the United Kingdom on 20 October 2017, and byIFC Filmsin the United States on 9 March 2018.[15][16][1]The film grossed $8 million in the United States and Canada and $16.6 million in other territories (including $7.3 million in the UK), for a worldwide box office total of $24.6 million.[3]

Critical response

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On thereview aggregatorwebsiteRotten Tomatoes,the film holds an approval rating of 94% based on 254 reviews, with an average score of 8/10; the site's "critics consensus" reads: "The Death of Stalinfinds director/co-writer Armando Iannucci in riotous form, bringing his scabrous political humor to bear on a chapter in history with painfully timely parallels. "[17]OnMetacriticthe film has aweighted averagescore of 88 out of 100 based on 43 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[18]

Peter BradshawofThe Guardiangave the film 5/5 stars, writing that "fear rises like gas from a corpse in Armando Iannucci's brilliant horror-satire" and that it "is superbly cast, and acted with icy and ruthless force by an A-list lineup. There are no weak links. Each has a plum role; each squeezes every gorgeous horrible drop."[19]Sandra HallofThe Sydney Morning Heraldgave the film 4.5/5 stars, describing it as "a devastatingly funny dissection of power politics, stripping the mystique from it and those who worship it."[20]Donald Clarke ofThe Irish Timesgave the film 4/5 stars, writing that it "starts in a state of mortal panic and continues in that mode towards its inevitably ghastly conclusion".[21]

Tim Robey ofThe Daily Telegraphalso gave the film 4/5 stars, writing: "Depending on your point of view,The Death of Stalinis either a sly, wintry satire on Armando Iannucci's usual theme of squawking political idiocy, or an insidious attempt to destabilise the Russian establishment with relentless dagger-blows. "[22]Peter Howell of theToronto Stargave the film 3.5/4 stars, writing: "Shifting eastwards from the Anglo-American japes ofIn the LoopandVeep,director/co-writer Armando Iannucci doesn’t stint on brutal truth — or lethal legend. "[23]

Christopher Orr ofThe Atlanticpraised the film's humour and performances and wrote that it "seems precisely attuned tothe current moment:a capricious, unpredictable leader, basking in acult of personality;the introduction of 'alternative facts'; the swift, party-wide swerves on subjects as various asnegotiating with North Korea,paying off porn stars,and evenRussian efforts to subvert a U.S. election."[24]Anthony Lane ofThe New Yorkerwrote that the film was "ten times funnier, by my reckoning, than it has any right to be, and more riddled with risk than anything that Iannucci has done before, because it dares to meet outrage with outrage."[25]

Raphael Abraham of theFinancial Timeswrote: "As this coven of vampiricapparatchiksfeasts on the remains ofStalinism,the unremitting blackness of the situation at times threatens a full comedy eclipse. But the discomfiting balancing act of humour and horror is precisely Iannucci's game—and only he could pull it off with such skill. "[26]Thomas Walker, inThe Objective Standard,agreed, adding that the film "dives deep into the psychology of those living under such a system and lays bare the self-destructive mind-set of those who grasp wildly for power."[27]

Matthew Norman of theEvening Standardgave the film 3/5 stars, writing: "For all [Iannucci's] dream-team cast and assured direction, despite capturing the laughable sycophancy of the apparatchik the film isn't that funny."[28]Peter Debruge ofVarietywrote: "If only the end result were as funny as the idea that anyone would undertake a film about the turmoil surrounding the Soviet despot's demise."[29]

Former U.S. PresidentBarack ObamaincludedThe Death of Stalinon a list of his favourite films of 2018.[30]

Russia and former Soviet bloc

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Nikolai Starikov,head of the RussianGreat Fatherland Party,calledThe Death of Stalinan "unfriendly act by the British intellectual class", and part of an "anti-Russian information war".[5]In September 2017, the head of the Public Council of theRussian Ministry of Culturesaid Russian authorities were considering a ban on the film, alleging that it could be part of a "western plot to destabilise Russia by causing rifts in society".[31]Russian online newspaperVzglyadcalled the film "a nasty sendup by outsiders who know nothing of our history".[5]TheCommunist Party of the Russian Federationcalled the film "revolting", andAlexander Yushchenko,a spokesman for the party, said it was an attempt to spark discontent.[31]

On 23 January 2018, two days before the film's scheduled release in Russia,[32]a screening was attended byState DumaMPs, representatives of the Russian Historical Society, members of the Ministry of Culture's Public Board, and film industry members. Two days later, the Ministry of Culture withdrew the film's distribution certificate. Several cinemas screened the film in late January, and, though they claimed they had not heard the exhibition license had been revoked, the Ministry sued these theatres.[4]

According to the results of a poll conducted by the state-runRussian Public Opinion Research Center(VTSIOM), 35% of Russians disapproved of the Ministry of Culture's decision to keep the film from Russian screens, while 30% supported the ban and 35% were neutral. 58% of Russians said they would be willing to watch the film in cinemas if the ban were lifted.[citation needed]According to Iannucci, by January 2019, the film had been illegally downloaded 1.5 million times in Russia.[33]

A group of lawyers from Russia's Ministry of Culture; Era Zhukova, the daughter of Marshal Zhukov; cinematographerNikita Mikhalkov;Vladimir Bortko;and Alexey Levykin, head of the RussianState Historical Museum,[34]petitioned Culture MinisterVladimir Medinskyto withdraw the film's certification, saying: "The Death of Stalinis aimed at inciting hatred and enmity, violating the dignity of the Russian (Soviet) people, promoting ethnic and social inferiority. We are confident that the movie was made to distort our country's past so that the thought of the 1950s Soviet Union makes people feel only terror and disgust. "[35]The authors said the film, set to be released on the eve of the 75th anniversary of the end of theBattle of Stalingrad,denigrated the memory of RussianWorld War IIfighters, with theRussian national anthemaccompanied by obscene expressions and offensive attitudes, and historically inaccurate decorations.[34]

In addition to Russia, the film was banned inKazakhstanandKyrgyzstan.[4]Armeniaand Belarus were the only members of theEurasian Economic Unionto allow its release: in Armenia, it premiered in two cinemas inYerevanon 25 January 2018, while, in Belarus, it premiered after an initial delay.[36]In Kazakhstan, the film was only screened at the Clique Festival.[37]

Awards and honours

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Year Award Category Subject Result Ref.
2017 British Academy Film Award Outstanding British Film The Death of Stalin Nominated [38]
Best Adapted Screenplay Armando Iannucci,Ian Martin,andDavid Schneider Nominated
2017 British Independent Film Awards Best British Independent Film The Death of Stalin Nominated [39]
Best Director Armando Iannucci Nominated
Best Screenplay Armando Iannucci, David Schneider, & Ian Martin Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Simon Russell Beale Won
Steve Buscemi Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Andrea Riseborough Nominated
Best Production Design Cristina Casali Won
Best Costume Design Suzie Harman Nominated
Best Make Up & Hair Design Nicole Stafford Won
Best Music Christopher Willis Nominated
Best Casting Sarah Crowe Won
Best Editing Peter Lambert Nominated
Best Effects Nominated
2018 European Film Awards Best Comedy The Death of Stalin Won [40]
2017 Magritte Award Best Foreign Film Nominated [41]

Historical accuracy

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Several academics have argued there are historical inaccuracies inThe Death of Stalin.In response, Iannucci has said: "I'm not saying it's a documentary. Itisa fiction, but it's a fiction inspired by the truth of what it must have felt like at the time. My aim is for the audience to feel the sort of low-level anxiety that people must have [experienced] when they just went about their daily lives at the time. "[42]

HistorianRichard Overywrote that the film "is littered with historical errors", and called it "entertainment, but poor history". Among his examples in support of this are that:

  • Molotov was not the foreign minister when Stalin died. He had been sacked in 1949, but became foreign minister again in the post-Stalin reshuffle.
  • Marshal of the Soviet Union(not Field Marshal) Zhukov was a local field commander when Stalin died, having been exiled to the provinces due to Stalin's paranoid jealousy of him. Zhukov became deputy minister of defence in the post-Stalin government, but he was not the commander of the Soviet Army in March 1953.
  • Khrushchev, not Malenkov, chaired the meeting to reorganise the government after Stalin's death.
  • Beria was arrested three months after Stalin died, not almost simultaneously, and that was precipitated by the1953 East German uprising,not a fictional massacre of mourners in Moscow, which is based on an incident in which 109 people were trampled to death during the funeral. He was executed six months after being arrested. Beria had not been head of the security forces since 1946.[43]
  • Svetlana was not sent to Vienna. She remained in the Soviet Union working as an academic and translator before ultimately defecting to America in 1967 and becoming a naturalised citizen of the United States in 1978.

Overy wrote that those killed in theGreat Purgeor sent toGulags"deserve a film that treats their history with greater discretion and historical understanding". Iannucci said he "chose to tone down real-life absurdity" to make the work more believable.[44][43]

TheRadio Moscowportion of the film is a retelling of an apocryphal story first recorded inSolomon Volkov's bookTestimony(1979), which Volkov claimed were the memoirs ofDmitri Shostakovich.However, inTestimony,Maria Yudina is awakened in the middle of the night in 1943 or 1944, not 1953, and brought in to record, and the recording brings Stalin to tears, moving him to pay Yudina 20,000roublesin appreciation. The story served as the loose basis forThe Stalin Sonata,a 1989 BBC radio play byDavid Zane Mairowitz.While, like the film, the original story has Yudina send a letter to Stalin, its contents are different, as she supposedly wrote to thank Stalin for the money, adding that she would donate it to the restoration of a church and would be praying for his sins to be forgiven.[45]While the real Yudina was fired on one occasion for her ideological disagreements with Stalin's regime, her family was not killed.

Dr. Lydia Timashuk is described in the film as a willing accomplice in theDoctors' plot,which is discussed as a past, rather than current, event, and is portrayed as an eager agent in the roundup of Moscow doctors for Stalin's care, who, in a deleted scene, dies in a mine field around Stalin's dacha after her sexual advances to Beria are rejected. In reality, she had no involvement in the events surrounding Stalin's death, and was an unwilling pawn in the Doctors' plot, after which she became embittered by the labels of informer and anti-Semite that followed her until her death in 1983.[46]

Bogdan Kobulov is depicted in the film as being shot dead during Beria's arrest by officers acting under orders given by Zhukov. In reality, he was arrested and executed alongside Beria months later.[47]

In the film,Vasily StalinandAnatoly Tarasovare seen at a practice of theSoviet Union national ice hockey team,which has been depleted by a recent plane crash. Therereally was a plane crashin which 11 players on theVVS Moscowice hockey team died, and star playerVsevolod Bobrovreally did survive because he missed the flight, but the crash happened on 5 January 1950, more than three years before Stalin's death.

TheNKVDwas superseded by theMVDin 1946, almost seven years before the death of Stalin.[48]

Samuel Goff of the Department of Slavonic Studies at theUniversity of Cambridge,though opining that the film's historical discrepancies could be justified as helping to focus the drama, wrote that turning Beria into "an avatar of the obscenities of the Stalinist state" missed the chance to say "anything about the actual mechanisms of power", and argued that Iannucci's approach to satire was not transferable to something like Stalinism, and the film is "fundamentally ill-equipped to locate the comedy inherent to Stalinism, missing marks it doesn't know it should be aiming for."[49]

See also

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References

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  2. ^Gant, Charles (19 December 2019)."Armando Iannucci on 'David Copperfield':" it's a celebration of what I feel Britain is "".Screen Daily.Archivedfrom the original on 19 December 2019.Retrieved29 December2019.
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  46. ^Как был создан миф о Л.Ф. Тимашук?Archived30 July 2020 at theWayback Machine(How the myth about L.F.Timasuk was created?); from: Бобров, О. Е., "Медицина (нравы, судьбы, бесправие)", Донецк: Регина, 2004, pp. 93–102
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