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The Tin Drum

For other uses, seeTin drum (disambiguation).

The Tin Drum(German:Die Blechtrommel,pronounced[diːˈblɛçˌtʁɔml̩]ⓘ) is a 1959 novel byGünter Grass,the first book of hisDanzig Trilogy.It wasadapted into a 1979 film,which won both the 1979Palme d'Orand theAcademy Award for Best Foreign Language Filmin 1980.

The Tin Drum
Cover of the first German edition
AuthorGünter Grass
Original titleDie Blechtrommel
TranslatorRalph Manheim,Breon Mitchell
Cover artistGünter Grass
LanguageGerman
SeriesDanzig Trilogy
GenreMagic realism
PublisherHermann Luchterhand Verlag
Publication date
1959
Publication placeWest Germany
Published in English
1961
Pages576
OCLC3618781
833.914
Followed byCat and Mouse

To "beat a tin drum" means to create a disturbance in order to bring attention to a cause.[1][2][3]

Plot

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The story revolves around the life of Oskar Matzerath, as narrated by himself when confined in a mental hospital during the years 1952–1954. Born in 1924 in theFree City of Danzig(nowGdańsk,Poland), with an adult's capacity for thought and perception, he decides never to grow up when he hears his father declare that he would become a grocer. Gifted with a piercing shriek that can shatter glass or be used as a weapon, Oskar declares himself to be one of those "clairaudientinfants ", whose" spiritual development is complete at birth and only needs to affirm itself ". He retains the stature of a child while living through the beginning ofWorld War II,several love affairs, and the world of postwarEurope.Through all this, a toy tin drum, the first of which he received as a present on his third birthday, followed by many replacement drums each time he wears one out from over-vigorous drumming, remains his treasured possession; he is willing to commit violence to retain it.

Oskar considers himself to have two "presumptive fathers" —his mother's husband Alfred Matzerath, a member of theNazi Party,and her cousin and lover Jan Bronski, a DanzigPolewho is executed fordefending the Polish Post Office in Danzigduring theGerman invasion of Poland.Oskar's mother having died, Alfred marries Maria, a woman who is secretly Oskar's firstmistress.After marrying Alfred, Maria gives birth to Kurt, whom Oskar thereafter refers to as his son. But Oskar is disappointed to find that the baby persists in growing up, and will not join him in ceasing to grow at the age of three.

During the war, Oskar joins a troupe of performing dwarfs who entertain the German troops at the front line. But when his second love, the diminutive Roswitha, is killed by Allied troops in the invasion of Normandy, Oskar returns to his family in Danzig where he becomes the leader of a criminal youth gang (akin to theEdelweiss Pirates). TheRed Armysoon captures Danzig, and Alfred is shot by invading troops after he goes into seizures while swallowing his party pin to avoid being revealed as a Nazi. Oskar bears some culpability for both of his presumptive fathers' deaths since he leads Jan Bronski to the Polish Post Office in an effort to get his drum repaired and he returns Alfred Matzerath's Nazi party pin while he is being interrogated by Soviet soldiers.

After the war Oskar, his widowed stepmother, and their sonhave to leavethe now Polish city of Danzig and move toDüsseldorf,where he models in the nude and works engraving tombstones. Mounting tensions compel Oskar to live apart from Maria and Kurt; he decides on a flat owned by the Zeidlers. Upon moving in, he falls in love with Sister Dorothea, a neighbour, but he later fails to seduce her. During an encounter with fellow musician Klepp, Klepp asks Oskar how he has an authority over the judgement of music. Oskar, willing to prove himself once and for all, picks up his drum and sticks despite his vow to never play again after Alfred's death, and plays a measure on his drum. The ensuing events lead Klepp, Oskar, and Scholle, a guitarist, to form the Rhine River Threejazzband. They are discovered by Mr. Schmuh, who invites them to play at the Onion Cellar club. After a virtuoso performance, a record company talent seeker discovers Oskar the jazz drummer and offers a contract. Oskar soon achieves fame and riches. One day while walking through a field he finds a severed finger: the ring finger of Sister Dorothea, who has been murdered. He then meets and befriends Vittlar. Oskar allows himself to be falsely convicted of the murder and is confined to aninsane asylum,where he writes his memoirs.

Characters

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The novel is divided into three books. The main characters in each book are:[4]

Book One

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  • Oskar Matzerath: Writes his memoirs from 1952 to 1954, age 28 to 30, appearing as azeitgeistthroughout historic milestones. He is the novel's main protagonist andunreliable narrator.
  • Bruno Munsterberg: Oskar's keeper, who watches him through apeep hole.He makes knot sculptures inspired by Oskar's stories.
  • Anna Koljaiczek Bronski: Oskar's grandmother, conceives Oscar's mother in 1899, which is when his memoir begins.
  • Joseph Koljaiczek ( "Bang Bang Jop" or "Joe Colchic" ): Oskar's grandfather, a "firebug".
  • Agnes Koljaiczek:KashubianOskar's mother.
  • Jan Bronski: Agnes's cousin and lover. Oskar's presumptive father. Politically sided with the Poles.
  • Alfred Matzerath: Agnes's husband. Oskar's other presumptive father. Politically sided with the Nazi Party.
  • Sigismund Markus: A Jewish businessman in Danzig who owns the toy store where Oskar gets his tin drums. The store is ruined during the DanzigKristallnacht.

Book Two

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  • Maria Truczinski: Girl hired by Alfred to help run his store after Agnes dies and with whom Oskar has his first sexual experience. She becomes pregnant and marries Alfred, but both Alfred and Oskar believe that they are Maria's child's father. She remains Oskar's family throughout the post-war years.
  • Bebra: Runs the theatrical troupe of dwarfs which Oskar joins to escape Danzig. He is later the paraplegic owner of Oskar's record company. Oskar's lifelong mentor and role model. He is a musical clown.
  • Roswitha Raguna: Bebra's mistress, then Oskar's. She is a beautiful Italian lady, but taller than Oskar, she has nevertheless chosen not to grow. She is the most celebrated somnambulist in all parts of Italy.
  • "The Dusters": Danzigstreet urchinsgang, Oskar leads as "Jesus" after he proves his mettle by smashing all the windows with his voice at the abandoned Baltic Chocolate Factory.

Book Three

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  • Sister Dorothea: A nurse fromDüsseldorfand Oskar's love after Maria rejects him.
  • Egon Münzer (Klepp): Oskar's friend. Self-proclaimed communist and jazz flautist.
  • Gottfried Vittlar: Becomes friends with and then testifies against Oskar in the Ring Finger Case at Oskar's bidding.

Style

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Oskar Matzerath is anunreliable narrator,as his sanity, or insanity, never becomes clear. He tells the tale infirst person,though he occasionally diverts tothird person,sometimes within the same sentence. As an unreliable narrator, he may contradict himself within his autobiography, as with his varying accounts of, but not exclusively, the Defense of the Polish Post Office, his grandfather Koljaiczek's fate, his paternal status over Kurt, Maria's son, and many others.

The novel is strongly political in nature, although it goes beyond apolitical novelin the writing's stylistic plurality. There are elements ofallegory,mythandlegend,placing it in the genre ofmagic realism.

The Tin Drumhas religious overtones, both Jewish and Christian. Oskar holds conversations with both Jesus and Satan throughout the book. His gang members call him "Jesus", and he refers to himself as "Satan" later in the book.[4]

Critical reception

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Initial reaction toThe Tin Drumwas mixed. It was called blasphemous and pornographic by some, and legal action was taken against it and Grass.[citation needed]However, by 1965 sentiment had cemented into public acceptance, and it soon became recognized as a classic of post-World War II literature, both in Germany and around the world.[4]

Translations

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A translation into English byRalph Manheimwas published in 1961. A new 50th anniversary translation into English byBreon Mitchellwas published in 2009.

Adaptations

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Film

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Main article:The Tin Drum (film)

In 1979 a film adaptation appeared byVolker Schlöndorff.It covers only Books One and Two, concluding at the end of the war. It shared the 1979Cannes Film FestivalPalme d'OrwithApocalypse Now.It also won the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film of 1979 at the 1980 Academy Awards.

Radio

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In 1996 a radio dramatisation starringPhil Danielswas broadcast byBBC Radio 4.[5]Adapted byMike Walker,it won the British Writers Guild award for best dramatisation.[6]

Theatre

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TheKneehigh Theatrecompany performed an adaption of the novel in 2017 at theEveryman Theatrelocated in Liverpool.[7]The production features the story from Oskar's birth through the war, ending with Oskar marrying Maria.[citation needed]

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Bibliography

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  • The Tin Drum.Random House, 1961,ISBN9780613226820
  • The Tin Drum.Vintage Books. 1990.ISBN978-0-679-72575-6.

See also

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References

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  1. ^"The hypocrite's halo".The Washington Times. 20 August 2006.
  2. ^Jeffrey Hart."Response to" How the Right Went Wrong "".Dartmouth Alumni Magazine. Archived fromthe originalon 28 December 2006.
  3. ^"IMDb: The Tin Drum (1979)".IMDb.
  4. ^abcContemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Christopher Giroux and Brigham Narins. Vol. 88. Detroit: Gale Research, 1995. pp. 19-40. From Literature Resource Center.
  5. ^Hanks, Robert (3 June 1996)."radio review".The Independent.Independent News & Media. Archived fromthe originalon 5 March 2009.Retrieved19 September2008.
  6. ^"Music Details for Tuesday 4 February 1997".ABC Classic FM.ABC.15 February 2007. Archived fromthe originalon 4 March 2016.Retrieved19 September2008.
  7. ^Love, Catherine (6 October 2017)."The Tin Drum review – Kneehigh turn Grass's fable into chaotic cabaret".The Guardian.Retrieved31 December2020.
  8. ^Return to the Onion Cellar: A Dark Rock MusicalArchived20 January 2016 at theWayback Machine
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