Wikipedia

Thierry Breton

Thierry Breton(French pronunciation:[tjɛʁibʁətɔ̃];born 15 January 1955) is a French business executive, politician, writer and formerCommissioner for Internal Marketof theEuropean Unionfrom 2019 to 2024. Breton was vice-chairman andCEOofGroupe Bull(1996–1997), chairman and CEO ofThomson-RCA(1997–2002) and chairman and CEO ofFrance Télécom(2002–2005). In 2005 he entered politics serving asMinister of Economy, Finance and Industry(2005–2007) in the governments of Prime MinistersJean-Pierre RaffarinandDominique de Villepin,during the presidency ofJacques Chirac.From 2007 to 2008 he was a professor atHarvard Business Schoolbefore joining groupAtosfrom 2009 to 2019 as its CEO.[2]

Thierry Breton
Breton in 2019
European Commissioner for Internal Market
In office
1 December 2019 – 16 September 2024
PresidentUrsula von der Leyen
Preceded byElżbieta Bieńkowska
Succeeded byMargrethe Vestager(caretaker)
CEOofAtos
In office
10 February 2009 – 31 October 2019
Preceded byPhilippe Germond
Succeeded byBertrand Meunier(as President)
Elie Girard(as Director-General)
Minister of the Economy, Finance and Industry
In office
25 February 2005 – 18 May 2007
Prime MinisterDominique de Villepin
Preceded byHervé Gaymard
Succeeded byJean-Louis Borloo
CEOofFrance Télécom S.A.
In office
2 October 2002 – 27 February 2005
Preceded byMichel Bon
Succeeded byDidier Lombard
Personal details
Born(1955-01-15)15 January 1955(age 69)
14th arrondissement of Paris,Paris,France
CitizenshipFrance
Senegal (since 2015)[1]
Political partyIndependent(2015–2019; 2024–present)
Other political
affiliations		RPR(1986–2002)
UMP(2002–2015)
Renew Europe(2019–2024)
Spouse
Nicole-Valerie Baroin
​
​
(m.1981)​
Children3
EducationÉcole alsacienne
Lycée Louis-le-Grand
Alma materSupélec
Institut des hautes études de défense nationale
Breton with Chinese Vice PremierZhang Guoqingin Beijing, China, 10 November 2023

From 2019, Breton served as theEuropean Commissioner for Internal Marketunder the presidency ofUrsula von der Leyen,an appointment that met with controversy, as he was considered by anti-corruption association Anticor to be at serious risk ofconflicts of interestover his previous posts at France Télécom and Atos.[3][4][5]Breton resigned from the position in 2024.[6]

Early life and education

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Breton was born in the14th arrondissement of Paris.His father was a civil servant in the agency responsible for developing nuclear energy.[7]He completed his middle and high school education at theÉcole alsaciennein Paris andUniversity-preparatory schoolclasses for theGrandes écolesatLycée Louis-le-Grand.[8]

Breton received a master's degree inElectrical EngineeringandComputer SciencefromÉcole Supérieure d'Électricité(Supélec, nowCentraleSupélec) in 1979 and later graduated from theInstitut des hautes études de défense nationale(IHEDN).[9]

Career in business

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Breton began his career in 1979 as a teacher of IT and Mathematics at theLycée Français de New York[7]as part of his military service through cooperation. In 1981 he createdForma Systems,a systems-analysis and software-engineering company of which he became CEO until 1986.

In 1986 Breton became adviser to the French Ministry of Education and ResearchRené Monoryand designed open-air science and technology theme parkFuturoscope.From 1990 to 1993, he was managing director ofCGI Group,a global information technology company.

Groupe Bull

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In 1993, the French government hired Breton to help turn around troubled national computer makerGroupe Bull.As second in command, he managed to restructure the stock-market listed company and became in 1996 Vice-President of the board of directors. He is widely credited with pulling Bull from the edge of bankruptcy.[10]

Thomson

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In 1997, the French government named Breton chairman and CEO of Thomson Multimedia, a state-owned consumer-electronics company that was on the verge of collapse. A year before France's prime ministerAlain Juppéunsuccessfully tried to sell the company to South Korea–based Daewoo for a single franc.[11]

Breton made stock offerings to generate cash and diversified the company's businesses,[12]figuring that consumer-electronics products were not high-end enough to consistently earn profits over the long term. Breton involved Thomson in interactive television, electronic publishing, and the Internet, as well as the higher-margin business of digital film-editing services. Thomson began manufacturing televisions with built-in software to run the electronic reference.

Thomson's new ventures instilled investors with renewed confidence in the company and allowed Breton to attract big name companies such asMicrosoft,Alcatel-Lucent,NEC,and theDirecTVdivision of Hughes Electronics.[13]By 1999 Thomson was turning a $230 million profit on sales of $6.5 billion. By the time Breton left in 2002, revenues had increased by more than 80 percent and Thomson was outperformingSony,Matsushita,andPhilips,its major consumer-electronics competitors.[14]

He was named Honorary President of the company in September 2002 following his departure for France Télécom.[9]

France Télécom

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Widely acclaimed as a "turnaround whiz",[15][16]Breton was named by French government as head of multinational telecommunications corporationFrance Télécomon 2 October 2002.

In the previous year, the company's share price had fallen about 70% while debts have ballooned to 60 billion euros ($54bn). A risky acquisition strategy that included mobile phone operatorOrange,data carrierEquantand Internet service provider (ISP)Freeserveas well as several new, third-generation mobile phone licences had left France Telecom with the infamous title of theworld's most indebted listed company.[17]

At the time Breton took over share prices were worth less than 7 euros. Two months after his arrival these share prices had risen by 170%. He launchedAmbition FT 2005and generated a three-tiered plan that called for cutting costs to increase cash flow, refinancing debt, and generating $16 billion from shareholders through a capital increase, all in efforts to save $30 billion over three years.

The operator was simultaneously facing an intensification of the competition in its long time market of France, as well as a demand from theARCEPto unbundleADSL.As a response to these challenges Breton notably endedOrange's venture on the stock market and took back complete control over the subsidiary and its earnings.

In July 2003 he launched the planBroadband internet for allwith the objective of providing broadband to 90% of the French population. To do this he increased spending in the innovation sector by 20% and launched the charterInnovative Departmentsto speed up the development of broadband in rural areas. The following year the company recorded more than 7000 patents filed in France and abroad. In the same year France Télécom reintegrated withWanadooto integrate fixed telephony andservice provideractivities. In July 2004 Breton announced the launch ofLivebox,the operator's firstTriple Playoffer and France Télécom would become the first organisation to implement the concept ofintegrated operator.

In September 2004 the French government finalised the privatisation of France Télécom on which it had been working progressively since 1996. However, in accordance with the law of 31 December 2003 proposed and supported by Breton, the specific status of the employees was maintained.

When he left the company for the Ministry of the Economy in February 2005 the share price was 23 euros. In less than three years the company's debt was reduced to less than 40 billion euros. He was named as Honorary President of France Télécom.[9]

In January 2010 theHarvard Business Reviewfirst published a list of "The 100 Best-Performing CEOs in the World" which was based on an academic study comparing the performances of the heads of industry of the 2,000 biggest global companies, in their relevant fields, from 1995 to 2009. Breton held the 62nd position for his term as CEO of France Télécom.[18]

Atos

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After two years of government service (2005–2007) Breton became in November 2008 the executive chairman and CEO of private-ownedAtosS.A., formerly Atos Origin.[19]On the announcement of his nomination the share price, which was previously valued at 18 euros, rose by 7.84%.

In 2008 Atos generated a sales revenue of 5.5 billion euros with a headcount of 50,000 employees but according to Breton was "managed too compartmentally" and the company's inferior profitability margins compared to those of its competitors required a complete transformation plan.

In July 2011 Breton orchestrated the acquisition of the IT activities of German industry groupSiemenswhich allowed the company to rank number one among the European IT services players and in the Top 5 worldwide, with 75 000 employees in 42 countries. The deal, valued at €850m ($1.1bn), was the biggest Franco-German transaction since an alliance between Germany's premium carmakerDaimlerand France'sRenaultearly that year.[20]The operation was lauded by the financial markets and the Atos share price rose by 11.6%.

With the integration of 28,000 engineers Atos became one of the most important Franco-German industrial collaborations sinceAirbus,illustrated particularly by a financial partnership (Siemens took 15% of Atos’ capital), and a common investment fund of 100 million euros was created as well as a joint response to international tenders. This strategy was awarded the prize for Industrial cooperation by the Franco-German Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

In 2012 Breton adopted theSocietas Europaeafor Atos which gave the company two headquarters, one in France and a second in Munich, Germany. Furthermore, he participated in other European institutional projects in which the Franco-German partnership played a central role such as theEuropean Commission’s European Cloud Partnership (2012–2014) over which he co-presided with Jim Snabe, the co-CEO of the German software companySAP.

In May 2014 Breton launched a friendly takeover on French historic IT industry player Bull, turning Atos into the number one European company and one of the major global players inBig DataandCybersecurity.[21]This acquisition, again commended by the markets (Atos’ share price rose by 6.2% and Bull's by 21.9% the day of the announcement) notably allowed the company to position itself in thesupercomputingsegment and to become the sole European manufacturer.

Six months later Breton announced Atos’ acquisition ofXerox’s IT outsourcing activities as well as a strategic partnership with the American company.[22]This operation, which was viewed favorably by the Stock Market, made Atos one of the five largest digital companies in the world. The company had doubled in size within six years with a headcount of around 100,000 employees. Breton received world attention after an interview with theWall Street Journalin 2011 when he reiterated his intention to ban internal email, dubbed as "the pollution of the information age", at Atos within 18 months (known as the zero-email strategy), replacing internal emails by a set of enterprise social networks, enterprise instant messaging, collaborative tools et cetera, both being developed inhouse and partially aggregated from other vendors.[23]

In May 2015 the company's market capitalization rose to 7.29 billion euros, an increase of more than 5 billion euros compared with November 2008 when Breton took over office. The market share price of Atos grew by 268% in five years.

In 2018 October Atos announced acquisition with Syntel Pvt. Lmt. An Indian company.

Minister of Finance

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Having already been proposed twice to succeedNicolas Sarkozyas Finance Minister, Breton was appointed on 24 February 2005 while at France Telecom, replacingHervé Gaymard.[24]At the time, he was the country's fourth finance minister within just one year.[25]

During his two and a half years at the head of Bercy, Breton centred his economic policy on the need to reformpublic finances,specifically to reduce debt.[26]In June 2005 he declared that Francelives beyond its means,a sentiment echoing the words of the Prime MinisterRaymond Barrein 1976. He stated to the French people that the entirety of their income tax would serve only to finance the interest payments on the national debt. A month later he set up a commission presided over byBNP ParibasCEOMichel Pébereauwhich was given the task ofbreaking the pattern of public debt.

He stipulated the maintenance ofpublic deficitbelow a level of 3% of GDP in 2005 and 2006 as his primary goal. At the end of 2005 France's deficit fell to 2.9% of its GDP after three consecutive years of surpassing the figure of 3%. In 2006 the public deficit was further reduced to 2.5% and public debt was recorded to have dramatically fallen to 63.9% of GDP. For the first time since 1995 the country's budget was in a situation of primary surplus. At the same time France's GDP rose by 2.1% in 2006 compared with 1.7% in 2005.

In October 2005 Breton proposed a law on "the modernization of the economy" which was voted in the same year and looked to prioritize SMEs’ access to financial markets, encourage research and promote giving employees a stake in the company's outcomes. On this occasion he also announced himself in favor of the status of theSocietas Europaeabeing written into French legislation to allow businesses to operate throughout the EU on the basis of a unified set of financial rules.

At the same time he led a reform for fiscal simplification which attempted to reduce the number of tax brackets from seven to four and put in place a pre-filled internet based declaration of revenues.

During this period he unveiled the concept of thetax shield,which he would initiate in 2006 at a level of 60% excepting health insurance and social debt reimbursement. This was taken up again by Sarkozy in 2007 with a lowering of the level to 60% and an inclusion of health insurance and social debt reimbursement.

Breton wanted France to be the first country to move forward in developing its immaterial heritage. Thus in March 2007 he entrusted a report toMaurice LévyandJean-Pierre Jouyeton the economy of the immaterial with the goal of creating an agency for the immaterial heritage of the state which ambition would be to valorize the state's immaterial assets (use of image; brands etc.) This one-of-a-kind agency was put in place on 23 April 2007. This immaterial heritage was recorded as 10 billion euros worth of assets in the state's annual report in 2010.

By February 2007 the unemployment rate was at 8.4%, the lowest recorded score since June 1983.

Breton finished his term on 15 May 2007 at the end of Jacques Chirac's five-year term. The handover of power toJean-Louis Borloo,named as Minister of the Economy by the newly elected French President,Nicolas Sarkozy,took place the following day.

EU Commissioner

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In 2019, Breton was nominated by PresidentEmmanuel Macronto become a member of theEuropean Commissionfor theInternal Market.During his tenure, he promoted a strong line against abuses by major digital platforms and oversaw the production ofCOVID-19vaccines. He was an outspoken critic of European Commission presidentUrsula von der Leyen.Breton had been widely expected to serve a second term in the European Commission. However, he resigned with immediate effect on 16 September 2024 after accusing Von der Leyen of blocking his renomination to his portfolio.[27]Stéphane Séjournéwas nominated by President Macron for the new Commission mandate.

Other activities

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In 2008, Breton was considered for chairing Protectinvest, a private foundation in Belgium set up by billionaireBernard Arnaultto safeguard the integrity of theLVMHgroup until 2023.[28]

International organizations

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Breton speaks before committees of the European Parliament at his confirmation hearing forEuropean Commissioner for the Internal Marketin 2019

Corporate boards

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  • Sonatel,Independent Member of the Board of Directors (2016-2019)[32]
  • Bank of America,Member of the Global Advisory Council (2013–2019)[33][34]
  • SATS Ltd., Member of the Board of Directors (2015–2018)[35]
  • Worldline SA, Chairman of the Board of Directors (2014–2019)
  • Carrefour,Independent Member of the Board of Directors (2008–2019)[36]
  • Rhodia,Member of the Board of Directors (–2005)[37]
  • Groupe Bull,Chairman of the Board of Directors (2004–2005)
  • AXA,Member of the Board of Directors (2001–2005)
  • La Poste,Member of the Board of Directors
  • Dexia,Member of the Board of Directors (2000–2005)[38]
  • Schneider Electric,Member of the Board of Directors (2000–2005)

Non-profit organizations

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Academic career

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After leaving the government, Breton briefly worked as professor atHarvard Business School(2007–2008) where he taught Leadership and Corporate Accountability (LCA).[40]

Author

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He is the author of many books about information technology and economy, and co-author of a novel about cyberspace.

  • 1984:Softwar,The Emergence of Computer Virus as a weapon of mass destruction (La Guerre douce), Thierry Breton – Denis Beneich, éd. Robert Laffont, Paris; (translated in 25 countries).
  • 1985:Vatican III,The emergence of a World made of information based Communities, Thierry Breton, éd. Robert Laffont, Paris
  • 1987:Netwar,The Networks War (La guerre des réseaux), Thierry Breton, éd. Robert Laffont, Paris
  • 1991:La Dimension invisible,The Emergence of Information Society (Le défi du temps et de l'information), Thierry Breton, éd. Odile Jacob, Paris
  • 1992:La Fin des illusions,The end of the Geek Age, Thierry Breton, Plon, Paris.
  • 1993:Le Télétravail en France,An early description of Teleworking in France, Thierry Breton, La Documentation française, Paris.
  • 1994:Le Lièvre et la Tortue,France and The Knowledge Revolution, Thierry Breton – Christian Blanc, éd. Plon, Paris.
  • 1994:Les Téléservices en France,An early description of the internet world, Thierry Breton, La Documentation française, Paris.
  • 2007:Antidette,How to reduce the over spending and major indebtedness of France, Thierry Breton, Plon, Paris.

Recognition

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Breton is an officer of theLégion d'honneurand a commander of theOrdre National du Mérite.He is also a member ofLe Siècle.[41]

On 24 April 2018, Breton was among the guests invited to thestate dinnerhosted byU.S. PresidentDonald Trumpin honor ofPresidentEmmanuel Macronat theWhite House.[42]

Decorations

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Awards

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  • 2015:MontgelasPrize, for outstanding actions in favor of French-German cooperation, Munich, Germany.[43]
  • 2012:Les EchosStrategist of the Year
  • 2002:La TribuneStrategist of the Year[9]and was

Honors

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  • 2001: Honorary Citizen of the City ofFoshan,Guangdong Province, China

Controversies

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In late 2005, French police carried out at least a dozen raids – including on Breton's office – in connection with complaints about accounting irregularities atRhodiabetween 1999 and 2004[44]and in connection with the sale of assets by the pay-television companyCanal Plusto the electronics companyThomson.[45][46][47]

On 1 April 2021, Breton told the media that no vaccines would be exported from the EU unless Astrazeneca fulfills its obligations towards the EU.[48]This prompted outrage from the British Government, who claimed to have invested heavily in a factory in the Netherlands to produce vaccines for the UK. The UK threatened to block exports of the raw ingredients to the EU should their position not change.[49]Breton andUrsula von der Leyenwere described as "vaccine pirates" onsocial media,despite production and export figures in established news sources showing otherwise.[50]In an attempt to resolve theissue,Breton initiated negotiations between all involved parties, i.e. the CEO of AstraZenecaPascal Soriot,and the Dutch,Leiden-based AZ subcontractor vaccine plant,HALIX[nl].[51]During these meetings, it emerged that AstraZeneca had conceded that all but one batch of the plant's vaccines would stay in the EU.[52]

On 12 August 2024, Breton urgedXandElon Muskto censor an interview with former US PresidentDonald Trump.[53]

Personal life

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Breton has been married to journalist Nicole-Valerie Baroin since 1981. They have one son and two daughters, with grandchildren living in Berlin. Breton speaks some German.[54]

In 2015, Senegalese PresidentMacky Sallgranted Breton and his wife Senegalese citizenship (in addition to their French citizenship) in recognition for their commitment to the country over a period of thirty years.[55][56]

In July 2019, two men wearing ski masks and gloves and wielding handguns broke into Breton's Paris home, beat him and locked him up along with his wife and their live-in chauffeur. The thieves made off with a diamond bracelet worth €50,000 and several hundred euros in cash.[57]

In 2023, Breton purchased Gargilesse Castle inGargilesse-Dampierrefrom a local painter, Annick Thévenin, who had bought the castle in 1998 to use as an art gallery. Breton is not planning to live there and intends to keep it as a cultural space.[58]

References

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  1. ^"In 2015 the President of Senegal honoured Thierry Breton and his wife by granting them Senegalese citizenship (in addition to their French citizenship) in recognition for their commitment to the country over a period of thirty years."europarl.europa.eu
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  4. ^Anticor, Rédaction (12 October 2019)."Anticor porte plainte avec constitution de partie civile dans le dossier des radars automatiques".anticor.org(in French).Retrieved29 October2019..
  5. ^AFP(25 October 2019)."Commission européenne: Thierry Breton ciblé par une nouvelle plainte d'Anticor"(in French).Le Parisien.Retrieved8 November2019..
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  7. ^abCaroline Chaumont (3 May 2005),The RescuerArchived26 October 2019 at theWayback MachineEuropean Voice.
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  43. ^"Ehrung für Bildungsminister Dr. Ludwig Spaenle und Frankreichs Finanzminister a.D. Thierry Breton".Bayerischer Landtag(in German). Bavarian State Parliament. 24 September 2015. Archived fromthe originalon 3 March 2016.Retrieved19 October2015.
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  48. ^Fleming, Sam; Peel, Michael; Parker, George (31 March 2021)."EU warns 'zero' jabs shipped to UK until AstraZeneca meets bloc's targets".Financial Times.Archivedfrom the original on 2 April 2021.Retrieved2 April2021.
  49. ^Amaro, Silvia (22 March 2021)."UK and EU vaccine dispute deepens as Brussels considers new export controls".CNBC.Archivedfrom the original on 1 April 2021.Retrieved2 April2021.
  50. ^Daniel Boffey (11 March 2021),Covid vaccine row: EU has exported 34m doses – including 9m to UKArchived17 May 2021 at theWayback MachineThe Guardian
  51. ^"Biologics - viral vectors and proteins".Halix.Retrieved11 October2023.
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  53. ^https://x /ThierryBreton/status/1823033048109367549[bare URL]
  54. ^Laura Kayali (4 December 2019),Thierry Breton: High-speed commissionerArchived6 December 2019 at theWayback MachinePolitico Europe.
  55. ^"European Parliament".European Parliament.Retrieved12 August2024.
  56. ^"Meet the commissioners".POLITICO.9 September 2019.Retrieved12 August2024.
  57. ^"L'ancien ministre Thierry Breton victime d'un violent cambriolage".Le Figaro(in French). AFP. 23 July 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 8 November 2021.Retrieved12 June2021.
  58. ^Nicolas Camut (2 August 2023),Château Breton! French commissioner has bought a castlePolitico Europe.
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Media related toThierry Bretonat Wikimedia Commons

Political offices
Preceded by Minister of the Economy, Finance and Industry
2005–2007 		Succeeded by
Preceded by French European Commissioner
2019– 		Incumbent
Preceded by European Commissioner for Internal Market
2019– 		Incumbent
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