Title

For other uses, seeTitle (disambiguation).

"Customary title" redirects here. For other use, seecustomary land.

Atitleis one or more words used before or after a person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify either generation, an official position, or a professional or academic qualification. In some languages, titles may be inserted between the first and last name (for example,GrafinGerman,CardinalinCatholicusage –Richard Cardinal Cushing– or clerical titles such asArchbishop). Some titles arehereditary.

Types

"Honorary title" redirects here. For the term in academia specifically, seeHonorary title (academic).

Titles include:

• Honorific titlesorstyles of address,a phrase used to convey respect to the recipient of a communication, or to recognize an attribute such as:
  • Imperial, royal and noble ranks
  • Academic degree
  • Social titles,prevalent among certain sections of society due to historic or other reasons.
  • Other accomplishment, as with atitle of honor
• Title of authority, an identifier that specifies the office or position held by anofficial

Titles in English-speaking areas

Common titles

• Mr.– Adult man (regardless of marital status)
• Ms.– Adult woman (regardless of marital status)
• Mrs.– Married Adult woman (includes widows and divorcées)
• Miss– Unmarried Adult Woman or Female child
• Master– Male Child
• Madam(also Madame and Ma'am) – Formal form of address for an adult woman. Also used to denote a position of power or respect, similar to the usage of "Mister" for men, e.g. "Mister/Madam Ambassador".

Controversy around usage of common titles

Some people object to the usage of titles to denote marital status, age or gender. In 2018, a campaign named GoTitleFreewas launched to encourage businesses to stop requesting, storing and using marital status titles in their registration forms, and when speaking with customers, launched on the grounds that titles often lead to assumptions about a woman's age or availability for marriage, and exclude non-binary people. This is in line with established practice advocated by the World Wide Web Consortiumand the Government Digital Servicewhich sets the standard for UK government online services. This in turn means that titles are optional on UK passports and driving licences.

Familial

Family titles in English-speaking countries include:

• Uncle– one's parent's brother (may also include great uncles)
• Auntor Aunty – one's parent's sister (may also include great aunts)
• Granny, Gran, Grandma or Nana – one'sgrandmother(may also include great-grandmothers)
• Pop, Grandpa, Gramps or Grandad – one'sgrandfather(may also include great-grandfathers)

Legislative and executive titles

• Hon. (Honourable) (for younger sons and daughters ofbarons) and. Rt. Hon. (Right Honourable) (forPrivy Councillors), used in theUnited Kingdom

Some job titles of members of the legislature and executive are used as titles.

• MP, for members of the Parliament (usually thelower house)
• MYP, for members of theUK Youth Parliament
• MSYP, for members of the Scottish Youth Parliament
• Representative
• Senator,for members of the American or Australianupper house
• Speaker,for speaker of Parliament
• President(from which comes such titles asDeputy President,Executive Vice President,Lord President of the Council,andVice President)
• Councillor,for member of a council
• Youth Councillor (YC)
• Alderman/Selectman
• Delegate
• Mayorand related terms such asLady MayoressandLord Mayor
• GovernorandLieutenant Governor
• Prefect
• Prelate
• Premier
• Burgess
• Ambassador
• Envoy
• Secretary,Cardinal Secretary of State,Foreign Secretary,General Secretary,Secretary of State,and other titles in the form "Secretary of..." in which Secretary means the same thing as Minister
• Attaché
• Chargé d'affaires
• Provost
• Minister (from which comes such titles as Prime Minister and Health Minister)

Aristocratic titles

See also:Royal and noble ranks

• Prince/Princess– From theLatinprinceps,meaning "first person" or "first citizen". The title was originally used byAugustusat the establishment of theRoman Empireto avoid the political risk of assuming the titleRex( "King" ) in what was technically still a republic. In modern times, the title is often given to the sons and daughters of ruling monarchs. Also a title of certain ruling monarchs under theHoly Roman Empireand its subsidiary territories until 1918 which is still used inLiechtenstein,(Monacostill uses the title Prince to this day, even though it was not a part of the Holy Roman Empire) and inImperial Russiabefore 1917. The German title isFürst( "first" ), a translation of the Latin term;the equivalent Russian term isкнязь (knyaz).
• Archduke/Archduchess– A title derived from theGreekArchon( "ruler; higher" ) and the LatinDux( "leader" ). It was used most notably by theHabsburg Dynastythat ruledAustriaandHungaryuntil 1918.
• Grand Duke/Grand Duchess– "Big; large" + LatinDux(leader). A variant of "Archduke", used particularly in English translationsRomanov DynastyRussian titles. Also used in various Germanic territories untilWorld War I.Still survives inLuxembourg.
• Duke/Duchess– From the LatinDux,a military title used in theRoman Empire,especially in its earlyByzantine periodwhen it designated the military commander for a specific zone.
• MarquisorMarquess/MarquiseorMarchioness– From the Frenchmarchis,literally "ruler of a border area" (from Old Frenchmarchemeaning "border" ); exact English translation is "March Lord", or "Lord of the March".
• Count/Countess- From the Latincomesmeaning "companion". The word was used by the Roman Empire in its Byzantine period as an honorific with a meaning roughly equivalent to modern English "peer". It became the title of those who commanded field armies in the Empire, as opposed to "Dux" which commanded locally based forces.
• Earl(used in theUnited Kingdominstead ofCount,but the feminine equivalent isCountess) – From the Germanicjarl,meaning "chieftain", the title was brought to the British Isles by the Anglo-Saxons and survives in use only there, having been superseded in Scandinavia and on the European continent.
• Viscount/Viscountess- From the Latinvicarius( "Deputy; substitute". Hence "vicar" and prefix "vice-" ) appended to Latincomes.Literally: "Deputy Count".
• Baron/Baroness- From theLate LatinBaro,meaning "man, servant, soldier". The title originally designated the chief feudal tenant of a place, who was in vassalage to a greater lord.

In theUnited Kingdom,"Lord" and "Lady" areused as titlesfor members of the nobility. Unlike titles such as "Mr" and "Mrs", they are not used before first names except in certain circumstances, for example as courtesy titles for younger sons, etc., of peers. InScotland"Lord of Parliament"and" Lady of Parliament "are the equivalents of Baron and Baroness inEngland.

• Lord– From Old Englishhlāford,hlāfweard,meaning, literally, "bread-keeper", from hlāf ( "bread" ) + weard ( "guardian, keeper" ) and by extension "husband, father, or chief". (From which comes modified titles such asFirst Sea LordandLord of the Manor.) The feminine equivalent isLadyfrom the related Old Englishhlǣfdīġemeaning, literally, "bread-kneader", from hlāf ( "bread" ) + dīġe ( "maid" ), and by extension wife, daughter, or mistress of the house. (From which comesFirst Lady,the anachronisticSecond Lady,etc.)
• Emperor/Empress– From the LatinImperator,meaning he/she who holds the authority to command (imperium).
• King/Queen– Derived fromOld Norse/Germanic words. The original meaning of the root of "king" apparently meant "leader of the family" or "descendant of the leader of the family", and the original meaning of "queen", "wife". By the time the words came into English they already meant "ruler".
• Tsar/Tsarina(Tsaritsa) – Slavonic loan-word from Latin.
• Caesar– The name ofJulius Caesartaken by his heirAugustusand thereafter by Augustus' successors asRoman Emperorthrough thefall of Constantinoplein 1453. Loaned into German asKaiser.
• Leader– From Old Englishlædan,meaning "to guide". The head of state ofNorth Koreais titled Great Leader. Thede factohead of state ofIranis titledSupreme Leader.
• Chief– A variation of the English "Prince", used as the short form of the word "Chieftain" (except for inScotland,where "Chieftain" is a title held by a titleholder subordinate to a chief). Generally used to refer to a recognised leader within achieftaincysystem. From this come the variationsparamount chief,clan chiefandvillage chief.The feminine equivalent isChieftess.

Maleversion	Femaleversion	Realm	Adjective	Latin	Examples
Pope	There is no formal feminine of Pope	Papacy	Papal	Papa	Monarch of thePapal Statesand later Sovereign of the State ofVatican City
Emperor	Empress	Empire	Imperial Imperial and Royal(Austria)	Imperator(Imperatrix)	Roman Empire,Byzantine Empire,Ottoman Empire,Holy Roman Empire,Russia,First and Second French Empire,Austria,Mexican Empire,Empire of Brazil,German Empire(none left in Europe after 1918),Empress of India(ceased to be used after 1947 whenIndiawas granted independence from theBritish Empire),Japan(the only remaining enthroned emperor in the world).
King	Queen	Kingdom	Royal	Rex(Regina)	Common in larger sovereign states
Viceroy	Vicereine	Viceroyalty	Viceroyal, Viceregal	Proconsul	Historical:SpanishEmpire (Peru,New Spain,Rio de la Plata,New Granada),Portuguese Empire,(India,Brazil),BritishEmpire
Grand Duke	Grand Duchess	Grand duchy	Grand Ducal	Magnus Dux	Today:Luxembourg;historical:Lithuania,Baden,Finland,Tuscanyet al.
Archduke	Archduchess	Archduchy	Archducal	Arci Dux	Historical: Unique only inAustria,ArchduchyofAustria;title used for member of theHabsburgdynasty
Prince	Princess	Principality,Princely state	Princely	Princeps	Today:Monaco,Liechtenstein,Asturies,Wales;Andorra(Co-Princes). Historical:Albania,Serbia
Duke	Duchess	Duchy	Ducal	Dux	Duke of Buccleuch,Duke of York,Duke of Devonshireet al.
Count	Countess	County	Comital	Comes	Most common in theHoly Roman Empire,translated in German asGraf;historical:Portugal,Barcelona,Brandenburg,Baden,numerous others
Baron	Baroness	Barony	Baronial	Baro	There are normal baronies and sovereign baronies, a sovereign barony can be compared with a principality, however, this is an historical exception; sovereign barons no longer have a sovereign barony, but only the title and style
Chief	Chieftainess	Chiefdom,Chieftaincy	Chiefly	Capitaneus	Theclan chiefsofScotland,the grand chiefs in thePapua New Guinean honours system,thechief of the Cherokee nation,the chiefs of theNigerian chieftaincy system,numerous others

• Popess
  The title of a character found inTarot cardsbased upon thePopeon the Roman Catholic Church. As the Bishop of Rome is an office always forbidden to women there is no formal feminine of Pope, which comes from the Latin wordpapa(an affectionate form of the Latin forfather). The legendaryfemale Pope Joan,is also referred to asPopess.
  Nonetheless some European languages, along with English, have formed a feminine form of the wordpope,such as the Italianpapessa,the Frenchpapesse,the Portuguesepapisa,and the GermanPäpstin.

Titles used by knights, dames, baronets and baronetesses

These do not confer nobility.

• Sir– Used byknightsandbaronets
• Dame– Used by dames andbaronetesses

"Sir" and "Dame" differ from titles such as "Mr" and "Mrs" in that they can only be used before a person's first name, and not immediately before their surname.

• Chevalier (French)
• Cavaliere (Italian)

Judicial titles

• Advocate
• Advocate GeneralAG
• Attorney
• Bailiff
• Barrister
• ChancellorC(of theHigh Court)
• JudgeandAdmiralty Judge
• JusticeJ
  • Chief JusticeorLord Chief JusticeCJ(of thejudiciary)
  • Lord Justice Clerk
  • Lord Justice of AppealLJ(of theCourt of Appeal)
  • Justice of the Peace
• MagistrateandPromagistrate
• Master of the RollsMR(of theCourt of Appeal)
• Member and Chairman, for members of quasi-judicial boards
• MuftiandGrand Mufti
• Notary
• PresidentP(of theQueen's/King's Bench Division) orPresidentP(of the Family Division)
  • Lord President of the Court of Session
• Privy Counsellor(orPrivy Councillor)PC(ofHer Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council)
• Queen's CounselQC(King's CounselKCwhenmonarchis male)
• Solicitor

Historical

• Lictor
• Reeve
• Seneschal
• Tribune

Ecclesiastical titles (Christian)

Titles are used to show somebody'sordinationas a priest or their membership in areligious order.Use of titles differs betweendenominations.

Religious

• Abbess
• Abbot
• Brother– also formonks
• Friar
• Mother,Mother Superior,and Reverend Mother
• Reverend
• Sister – forreligious sistersandnuns

Priests

Christian priests often have their names prefixed with a title similar toThe Reverend.

• Bishop(from which comeArchbishop,Boy Bishop,Lord Archbishop,Metropolitan Bishop,andPrince Bishop)
• Presbyter
• Priest(from which comesHigh Priest.The feminine equivalent isPriestess.)
• Father(Fr.)
• Patriarch
• Pope
• Catholicos
• Vicar
• Chaplain
• Canon
• Pastor
• Prelate
• Primate
• Dom– (fromLatin:Dominus,"Lord" ) Used forBenedictinemonks in solemnreligious vows,but reserved forabbotsamong theTrappists.In Brazil, it is used for bishops.
• Cardinal
• Ter (title)– Used by Armenian priests.

Used for deceased persons only

• Servant of God
• Venerable
• Blessed
• Saint(abbreviated S. or St.)

Other

• Christ– Greek translation of Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (orMessiah), commonly used to refer toJesus of Nazareth
• DeaconandArchdeacon
• Acolyte
• Dean
• Elder
• Minister
• Monsignor
• President(inthe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)
• Reader
• AlmonerandLord High Almoner(Christian)
• Apostle
• Prophet
• Teacher
• Seventy
• Evangelist
• High Priest
• Great (Lord) Father of all churches

Academic titles

Main article:Titles in academia

• Dr. – Short fordoctor,a title used by those with doctoral degrees, such asPhD,DPhil,MD,DO,DDS,EdD,DCN,DBA,DNP,PharmD,DVM,andLLD.Those withJDdegrees, although technically allowed, do not use this as a title by convention.
• Prof. –Professor
• Doc. –Docent
• EUR ING – Short forEuropean Engineer,an international professional qualification and title for highly qualified engineers used in over 32 European countries.

Military titles

Military ranks are used before names.

• Admiral(from which comeGrand Admiral,Fleet Admiral,Lord High Admiral,Rear Admiral,andVice Admiral)
• Brigadier
• Captain(from which comesGroup Captain)
• Colonel(from which comesLieutenant Colonel)
• Commander(from which comeCommander-in-Chief,Lieutenant Commander,andWing Commander)
• Commodore(from which comesAir Commodore)
• Corporal(from which comeLance CorporalandStaff Corporal)
• Generalis usually used as a sort of shorthand for "general military commander". The term's far-reaching connotation has provoked its use in a very broad range of titles, includingAdjutant General,Attorney General,Captain General,Colonel General,Director General,Generalissimo,General of the Army,Governor General,Lieutenant General,Lord Justice General,Major General,Resident General,Secretary General,Solicitor General,Surgeon GeneralandVicar General
• Lieutenant(from which comeFirst Lieutenant,Flight LieutenantandLord Lieutenant)
• Major
• Marshal(from which comesAir Chief Marshal,Air Marshal,Air Vice MarshalandField Marshal)
• Mate,more often titled asChief MateorFirst Mate
• Officer,a generic sort of title whose use has spread in recent years into a wide array of mostly corporate and military titles. These includeAir Officer,Chief Academic Officer,Chief analytics officer,Chief Business Development Officer,Chief Credit Officer,Chief Executive Officer,Chief Financial Officer,Chief Information Officer,Chief Information Security Officer,chief knowledge officer,Chief Marketing Officer,Chief Operating Officer,Chief Petty Officer,Chief Risk Officer,Chief Security Officer,Chief Strategy Officer,Chief Technical Officer,Chief Warrant Officer,Corporate officer,Customs officer,Field officer,First Officer,Flag Officer,Flying Officer,General Officer,Intelligence Officer,Junior Warrant Officer,Master Chief Petty Officer,Master Warrant Officer,Officer of State,Petty Officer,Pilot Officer,Police Officer,Political Officer,Revenue Officer,Senior Officer,Ship's Officer,Staff Officer,andWarrant Officer.
• Private,and many equivalent ranks depending on regiment.
• Sergeant(from which comeSergeant at MaceandSergeant at Arms).

Maritime titles

Main article:Seafarer's professions and ranks

The names of shipboard officers, certain shipping line employees andMaritime Academyfaculty/staff are preceded by their title when acting in performance of their duties.

• Captain– a ship's highest responsible officer acting on behalf of the ship's owner (Master) or a person who is responsible for the maintenance of the vessels of a shipping line, for their docking, the handling of cargo and for the hiring of personnel for deck departments (Port Captain).
• Chief – a licensed mariner in charge of the engineering (Chief Engineer) or deck (Chief Mateor Officer) department
• Mate – licensed member of the deck department of a merchant ship (seeSecond Mate&Third Mate)
• Cadet– unlicensed trainee mate/officer or engineer under training

Law enforcement

The names of police officers may be preceded by a title such as "Officer" or by their rank.

• Constable(from which comeLord High ConstableandSenior Constable)
• Agent
• Sergeant
• Officer
• Chief

Protected professional titles

In North America, several jurisdictions restrict the use of some professional titles to those individuals holding a valid and recognised license to practice. Individuals not authorised to use these reserved titles may be fined or jailed. Protected titles are often reserved to those professions that require abachelor's degreeor higher and a state, provincial, or national license.

• Professional Engineer,Registered Engineer,Engineer (in Quebec)
• Professional Nurse,Registered Nurse, Nurse

Other organizations

Some titles are used to show one's role or position in a society or organization.

• Principal
• Nanny
• Coach
• Wizard, such as theGrand WizardandImperial Wizardof theKu Klux Klan
• Brother or Sister
• Chief Scout (The Scout Association)– the head of The Scout Association
• King's Scout– title conferred upon a scout upon achieving highest attainable award achievable in the Scouting movement
• Queen's Guide– title conferred upon a guide upon highest attainable award for members of the Girl Guiding movement
• Scout,Eagle Scout
• Grandmaster

Some titles are used in English to refer to the position of people in foreign political systems

• Citizen,First Citizen
• Comrade

Non-English speaking areas

Default titles in other languages

	French	German	Dutch	Spanish	Italian	Swedish	Portuguese	Greek	Hindi
Male	Monsieur	Herr	Meneer	Señor	Signor	Herr	Senhor	Κύριος-ε (Kyrios)	Śrīmān/Śrī
Female	Madame	Frau	Mevrouw	Señora	Signora	Fru	Senhora	Κυρία	Śrīmatī
Unmarried female	Mademoiselle	Fräulein	Juffrouw/ Mejuffrouw	Señorita	Signorina	Fröken	Senhorita	Δεσποινίς	Suśrī

Rajput social titles

Titles used inRajasthanand other neighbourhood states of India in honour ofRajputs(only):

• Hukum – used in general to address any Rajput. Also used as suffix after following titles.
• Daata – used for highest male member of a Rajput family.
• Banna – used for Rajput boys.
• Baisa – used for Rajput girls.
• Babosa – used for eldest man of family.
• Bhabha – used for eldest woman of family.

Martial Arts

• Sensei- used for martial arts instructors
• Sempai- used for junior karate instructors and karate instructors in training
• Karate-ka - used for karate students
• Judge - used for the judges and referees at martial arts tournaments
• Master - used for kung-fu instructors or people who have studied the art their entire life

Academic

• Docent
• Doctorandus,abbreviated asdrs.

Religious

• Ayatollah
• Seghatoleslam
• Bodhisattva
• Bhagat
• DruidandArchdruid
• Granthi
• Guru
• Hakham
• Buddha
• Hajji
• Imam
• Jathedar
• Jathedarni
• Kohen
• Lamaand the relatedDalai LamaandPanchen Lama
• Mahatma
• Mahdi
• Mullah
• Mawlana
• Mawlawi
• Nath
• Pastor
• Pujari
• Rabbi
• Rebbe
• Reverend
• Rosh HaYeshiva
• Rishi
• Saoshyant
• Sadhu
• Sadhvi
• Sardar
• Sardarni
• Tirthankar
• Vardapet
• Yogi
• Yogini

Honorary titles

• Mahatma
• Oknha
• Pandit
• Sant
• Sheikh
• Swami
• Ustad

Rulers

See also:Royal and noble ranks

• Chancellor(from which comeLord ChancellorandVice-Chancellor)
• "Dear Leader" and "Supreme Leader" referred toKim Jong-ilas chief of North Korea. The title now refers to his son and successorKim Jong-un.(친애하는 지도자, ch'inaehanŭn jidoja)
• Elder
• Emir/Emira – Arabic Prince/Princess
• Eze
• Maharajah
• Rajah
• Rai
• Babu
• Dato
• Mwami
• Nizam
• Oba
• Obi
• Sultan/Sultana (title)– Arabic for "powerful ruler"
• Chief– origin of Chief of Staff, Chieftain,Clan Chief,Hereditary Chief,andWar Chief.The present head ofSamoais titled aParamount Chief
• VizierandGrand Vizier
• Stadtholder

Historical titles for heads of state

The following are no longer officially in use, though some may be claimed by former regnal dynasties.

Appointed

• Caesar(an honorific family name passed through Roman emperors by adoption)
• Legate
• Satrap
• Tetrarch

Elected or popularly declared

• Archon
• Augustus (title)
• Caudillo
• Consul
• Decemvir
• Doge
• Duce
• Führer
• Imperator
• Lord Protector
• Roman dictator
• Triumvir

Hereditary

• Basileus
• Caliph
• Khagan
• Khan
• King-Emperor(the feminine equivalent is Queen-Empress)
• Malik
• Maharajah
• Rajah
• Rai
• Mikado
• Mirza
• Nawab
• Negus
• Patil
• Pharaoh
• Regina (the masculine form is Rex)
• Saopha
• Sapa Inca
• Shah
• Tsar

When a difference exists below, male titles are placed to the left and female titles are placed to the right of the slash.

• Africa
  • Almamy–Fulanipeople of west Africa
  • Asantehene–Ashanti,title of the King of theAshantiPeople inGhana
  • Eze–Igbo peopleofNigeria
  • Kabaka–Bagandapeople of Buganda in Uganda
  • Mwami– Kings ofRwandaandBurundi
  • Negus–Ethiopia
  • Oba–Yoruba peopleofNigeria
  • Omukama–Bunyoro,title of some Emperors/kings in Uganda
  • Pharaoh– ancient Egypt
• Asia
  • Arasan/Arasi–Tamil Nadu(India),Sri Lanka
  • Arqa/Thagavor –King of Armenia
  • Bayin – The title given to the king of pre colonialBurma
  • Maharajah/Rajah/Rai/ Chakarwarti Raja –IndiaSri Lanka
  • Chogyal— "Divine Ruler" — ruled Sikkim until 1975
  • Datu– pre-colonial Philippines
  • Druk Gyalpo— hereditary title given to the king ofBhutan
  • Engku or Ungku–Malaysia,to denote particular family lineage akin to royalty
    • Hari– Filipino title for king
  • Huángdì– Imperial China (Emperor)
    • Hwangje– Self-styled Korean "emperor"; states that unified Korea
    • Hoang De– Self-styled Vietnamese "emperor"; unified Vietnam
  • Maha raja/feminine form is Maharani – Emperor, EmpressIndia,Sri Lanka
  • Meurah–Acehbefore Islam
  • Mirza,Persian/Iranian, Indian and Afghanistan and Tajikistan King
    • Beg(Begzadaor Begzadi, son-daughter ofBeg),BaigorBeyin UnderMirza& using King or Military title.
  • Patil– meaning "head" or "chief" is an Indian title. The Patil is in effect the ruler of this territory as he was entitled to the revenues collected therefrom.
  • Phrabat Somdej Phrachaoyuhua–King of Thailand(Siam), the title literally means "The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)" (This royal title does not refer directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to traditions.)
    • Racha– Thailand, same meaning as Raja
    • Raja– pre-colonial Philippines
    • Raja–Malaysia,Raja denotes royalty in Perak and certain Selangor royal family lineages, is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess
    • Raja/Rani – Nepal King
    • Rani – Nepali Queen
  • Patabenda– Sub- kingSri Lanka
  • Preah Karuna Preah Bat Sâmdech Preah Bâromneath–King of CambodiaKhmer,the title literally means "The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)" (referring not directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to tradition)
  • Qaghan– Central Asian Tribes
  • Saopha–Shan,king ofShan,today as a part ofMyanmar
  • ShahinshahorPadshahor Badshah-Persian/Iranian"King of Kings" or Persian rulers inHindustan(India)
    • Shah– Persian/Iranian and Afghanistan and Tajikistan King
  • Sheikh– Arabic traditional regional leader, principalities of (Bahrain,Kuwait,Qatar,UAE)
  • Sultan/Sultana– Arabic King (presentOmanand formerOttoman Empire)
    • Aceh,Brunei,Java,Oman,Malaysia,Sultan is the title of seven (Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, and Terengganu) of the nine rulers of the Malay states.
  • Susuhanan– the Indonesian princely state of Surakarta until its abolition
  • Seyed–Islamic World,descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
  • Tennō or Mikado– Japan
    • Shōgun– Japanesemilitary dictator
    • Sumeramikoto,Okimi– Japan, king
  • Tengku–Malaysia,Indonesia,Tengku (also spelled Tunku in Johor), Negeri Sembilan, Kedah and Deli Sultanate of Indonesia is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess
  • Veyndhan,ko/Arasi–Tamil Nadu(India)
  • Wang(King) – pre-Imperial China. InChina,"king" is the usual translation for the termwang,Vương.
    • Wang– States of Korea that did not have control over the entire peninsula.
    • Vuong– States in Vietnam that did not control the entire realm.
  • Yang di-Pertuan Agong– Monarch of Malaysia, elected each five years among the reigning Sultan of each Malaysian state
• Europe
  • Autocrator– Greek term for the Byzantine Emperor
  • Basileus– Greek ruler
  • Despot,aByzantinecourt title, also granted in the states under Byzantine influence, such as theLatin Empire,Bulgaria,Serbia,and theEmpire of Trebizond.
  • Domn(in Romanian)/Gospodar (in Old Slavonian) – Medieval Romania (Moldova,Wallachia)
  • Fejedelem– Ancient/Medieval Hungarian
  • Germanic king
  • Großbürger/Großbürgerin (English: Grand Burgher) – historical German title acquired or inherited by persons and family descendants of theruling classin autonomous German-speaking cities and towns of Central Europe, origin under theHoly Roman Empire,ceased after 1919 along with all titles of German nobility.
  • Kaiser/Kaiserin – Imperial rulers of Germany and of Austria-Hungary
  • Kniaz'/Knyaginya/Knez/Knjeginja (generally translated as "prince" ) – Kievan Rus'/Serbia
  • Kunigaikshtis(Kunigaikštis) –Lithuanian,dukeas inGrand Duchy of Lithuania.
  • Rí,Rí túaithe, Ruiri, Rí ruireach, andArd Rí– King, local king, regional overking, (provincial) king of overkings, andHigh KinginGaelicIreland, also Scotland
  • Tsar/Tsarina – the ruler of Imperial Russia
  • Tsar/Tsaritsa – Bulgaria, pre-imperial Russia, Serbia
  • Vezér – Ancient Hungarian
  • Vojvoda(Serbian)/Vajda(Hungarian) – Serbian/Hungarian/Romanytitle
  • Župan,sometimes Veliki Župan (Grand Župan) – Serbia, Croatia
• Oceania
  • Chieftain– Leader of a tribe or clan.
  • houʻeiki,matai,aliʻi,tūlafale,tavana,ariki– usually translated as "chief" in various Polynesian countries.
  • "Mo'i" – normally translated as King, used by Hawaiian monarchs since unification in 1810. The last person to hold that title was Queen Lili'uokalani.
  • Tuʻiortui– there were/are also kings in Oceania (i.e.Samoa,Tonga,Wallis and Futuna,Nauru)

Aristocratic

See also:Royal and noble ranks

Historical

Russian:

• Boyarin
• Dyak
• Knyaz(andVeliky Knyaz)
• Namestnik
• Okolnichy
• Posadnik
• Voyevoda

German:

• Burggraf
• Graf
• Freigraf
• Landgraf
• Markgraf
• Pfalzgraf
• Reichsgraf

Spanish:

• Don
• Hidalgo

Others:

• Augusta(Feminine equivalent ofAugustus)
• Bitwoded(translates as Beloved)
• Comes
• Concubine(The Chinese imperial system, for instance, had a vastly complex hierarchy of titled concubines and wives to the emperor)
• Dejazmach(translates as Commander of the Gate)
• Fitawrari(translates as Leader of the Vanguard)
• Gentleman(used as a title in such forms asGentleman at Arms,Gentleman of the Bedchamber,andGentleman Usher.The feminine equivalent isGentlewoman,or, in some circumstances,Lady.)
• Gerazmach(translates as Commander of the Left)
• Kenyazmach(translates as Commander of the Right)
• Ras (translates as Head)
• Sahib

Other

• Commissioner(from which comeFirst Church Estates CommissionerandHigh Commissioner)
• Comptroller(from whichComptroller GeneralandComptroller of the Household)
• Courtier
• Curator
• Doyen
• Edohen
• Ekegbian
• Elerunwon
• ForesterorMaster Forester
• Headman
• Intendant(and the related Superintendent)
• Lamido
• MarcherorLady Marcher
• MatriarchorPatriarch
• Prior,Lord Prior
• Pursuivant
• Rangatira
• Ranger
• Registrar(in a variant spelling in the titleLord Clerk Register)
• Seigneur (from which comeMonsignorand the French common polite termMonsieur,equivalent toMister)
• Sharif
• Shehu
• Sheikh
• Sheriff(from which comesHigh Sheriff)
• Subaltern
• Subedar
• Sysselmann
• Timi
• Treasurer,Master TreasurerandSecretary Treasurer
• Verderer
• Warden,Hereditary Warden,Lord Warden
• Woodman
• Bearer, such asHereditary Banner Bearer,Standard Bearer,orSwordbearer
• Sayyid
• Apprentice
• Journeyman
• Adept
• Akhoond
• Arhat
• Bwana
• GoodmanandGoodwife
• Grand Bard
• Mullah
• Sri
• Baba
• Effendi
• GianiorGyani
• Guru
• Siddha
• Pir,Murshid

Historical

• Abuna
• Aedile
• Ali'i
• Aqabe sa'at(translates as Guardian of the Church Hours)
• Balambaras(translates as Fortress Commander)
• Bán
• Baig
• Bey
• Boyar
• Castellan
• Cellarer
• Censor
• Centurion
• Circuitor
• Commissar,often asPeople's Commissar
• Conquistador
• Daimyō
• Dey
• Dux
• Elector
• Gauleiter
• Guardian
• Ichege
• Infirmerer
• InquisitorandGrand Inquisitor
• Jemadar
• Kitchener
• Mage
• Magister Militum
• Majordomo
• Maid– Archaic title denoting an unmarried woman, such as the characterMaid Marian.Should not be confused with the general term for a youngdomestic worker housemaid girl.
• Margrave
• Naib
• Officium
• Pasha
• Palatine(Ancient Rome,theRoman Catholic Church,Hungary(nádor), etc.)
• PontiffandPontifex Maximus
• Praetor
• Prebendary
• Quaestor
• Sacrist
• Samurai
• Shōgun
• Stadtholder
• Steward
• Thakore
• Voivode
• Viceroy(the feminine equivalent isVicereine)

Post-nominal letters

Members of legislatures often havepost-nominal lettersexpressing this:

• Member ofCongressMC
• Member of ParliamentMP
• Member of the European ParliamentMEP
• Member of the Scottish ParliamentMSP
• Member of the Scottish Youth ParliamentMSYP
• Member of the Youth ParliamentMYP
• Member of Provincial ParliamentMPP
• Member of theNational AssemblyMNA
• Member of theHouse of KeysMHK
  • Speaker of the House of KeysSHK
• Member of the Legislative CouncilMLC
• Member of the Legislative AssemblyMLA
• Member of theHouse of RepresentativesRep.
• Member of theHouse of AssemblyMHA

University degrees

• Associate
  • AA– Associate of Arts
  • AAS– Associate of Applied Science
  • AS– Associate of Science
• Bachelor
  • BA– Bachelor of Arts
  • BArch– Bachelor of Architecture
  • BBA– Bachelor of Business Administration
  • BSBA – Bachelor of Science of Business Administration
  • BBiotech– Bachelor of Biotechnology
  • BDS / BChD– Bachelor of Dental Surgery
  • BDentTech – Bachelor of Dental Technology
  • BDes – Bachelor of Design
  • BD / BDiv– Bachelor of Divinity
  • BEd– Bachelor of Education
  • BEng– Bachelor of Engineering
  • BEnvd– Bachelor of Environmental Design
  • BFA– Bachelor of Fine Arts
  • LLB– Bachelor of Laws
  • BMath– Bachelor of Mathematics
  • MB, ChB / MB, BS / BM, BCh / MB, BChir– Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
  • BMus – Bachelor of Music
  • BN – Bachelor of Nursing
  • BPhil– Bachelor of Philosophy
  • STB– Bachelor of Sacred Theology
  • BSc– Bachelor of Science
  • BSN– Bachelor of Science in Nursing
  • BSW– Bachelor of Social Work
  • BTh / ThB– Bachelor of Theology
  • BVSc– Bachelor of Veterinary Science
• Designer [Dz]
• Doctor
  • DA– Doctor of Arts
  • DBA– Doctor of Business Administration
  • D.D.– Doctor of Divinity
  • Ed.D.– Doctor of Education
  • EngD or DEng– Doctor of Engineering
  • DFA– Doctor of Fine Arts
  • DMA– Doctor of Musical Arts
  • D.Min.– Doctor of Ministry
  • D.Mus.– Doctor of Music
  • D.Prof– Doctor of Professional Studies
  • DPA– Doctor of Public Administration
  • D.Sc.– Doctor of Science
  • JD– Doctor of Jurisprudence
  • LL.D.– Doctor of Laws
  • MD– Doctor of Medicine
  • DO– Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
  • Pharm.D.– Doctor of Pharmacy
  • Ph.D./D.Phil.– Doctor of Philosophy
  • PsyD– Doctor of Psychology
  • SJD– Doctor of Juridical Science
  • Th.D.– Doctor of Theology
  • Doctorates within the field of medicine:
    • DC
    • DDS– Doctor of Dental Surgery
    • DMD– Doctor of Dental Medicine
    • O.D.
    • DPT
    • DPM
    • DVM
• Master
  • MArch– Master of Architecture
  • MA– Master of Arts
  • MAL– Master of Liberal Arts
  • MBA– Master of Business Administration
  • MPA– Master of Public Administration
  • MPS– Master of Public Service
  • MPl– Master of Planning
  • MChem– Master in Chemistry
  • MC – Master of Counselling
  • M. Des– Master of Design
  • M.Div.– Master of Divinity
  • MDrama – Master of Drama
  • MDS– Master of Dental Surgery
  • MEd– Master of Education
  • MET– Master of Educational Technology
  • MEng– Master of Engineering
  • MFA– Master of Fine Arts
  • MHA– Master of Healthcare Administration
  • MHist – Master of History
  • MLitt- Master of Letters
  • LL.M.– Master of Law
  • MLA– Master of Landscape Architecture
  • MMath– Master of Mathematics
  • MPhil– Master of Philosophy
  • MRes– Master of Research
  • MSc– Master of Science
  • MScBMC – Master of Biomedical Communications
  • MPhys– Master of Physics
  • MPharm– Master of Pharmacy
  • MPH– Master of Public Health
  • MSBA- Master of Science in Business Analytics
  • MSE– Master of Science in Engineering
  • MSRE– Master of Science in Real Estate
  • MSN – Master of Science in Nursing
  • MSW – Master of Social Work
  • Magister– Magister
  • S.T.M.– Master of Sacred Theology
  • MTh/Th.M.– Master of Theology
  • MURP– Master of Urban and Regional Planning

See also

• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy
• Corporate title
• Ethiopian aristocratic and religious titles
• False titles of nobility
• Hereditary title
• Honorific
• Index of religious honorifics and titles
• List of titles
• Military rank
• Nobility
• Peerage
• Political institutions of Rome
• Post-nominal letters
• Pre-nominal letters
• Royal and noble ranks
• Royal and noble styles
• Suffix (name)
• Style (manner of address)
• Title of honor

Sources

• African KingsbyDaniel Lainé
• Keepers of the KingdombyAlastair Bruce,Julian Calder,andMark Cator
• Master and Commander,film directed byPeter Weir

External links

• Media related toTitlesat Wikimedia Commons
• The dictionary definition oftitleat Wiktionary
• Phillips, Walter Alison(1911)."Titles of Honour".InChisholm, Hugh(ed.).Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1027–1030.