Tooele County(/tuːˈwɪlə/too-WIL-ə) is acountyin theU.S. stateofUtah.As of the2020 United States Census,the population was 72,698.[2]Itscounty seatand largest city isTooele.[3]The county was created in 1850 and organized the following year.[4]
Tooele County | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Location within the U.S. state ofUtah | |
 Utah's location within theU.S. | |
| Coordinates:40°27′N113°11′W/ 40.45°N 113.18°W | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Utah |
| Founded | January 31, 1850 (created) June 10, 1851 (organized) |
| Seat | Tooele |
| Largest city | Tooele |
| Area | |
| • Total | 7,286 sq mi (18,870 km2) |
| • Land | 6,941 sq mi (17,980 km2) |
| • Water | 345 sq mi (890 km2) 4.7% |
| Population | |
| • Total | 72,698 |
| • Estimate (2023) | 82,051 |
| • Density | 10.0/sq mi (3.9/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−7(Mountain) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−6(MDT) |
| Congressional district | 2nd |
| Website | tooeleco |
Tooele County is part of theSalt Lake City,UTMetropolitan Statistical Area.A 2008CNNMoneyarticle identified Tooele as theU.S. countyexperiencing the greatest job growth since 2000.[5]
The western half is mostly covered by theGreat Salt Lake Desertand includes the city ofWendover(the immediate neighbor ofWest Wendover, Nevada) andIbapah.Within the central section lies Skull Valley, between theCedarand theStansbury Mountains.It contains a few small towns as well as theDugway Proving Ground.The population centers are on the eastern edge in the Tooele Valley, between theStansburyandOquirrhMountains. This area contains the cities ofTooele,Grantsville,Erda,andLake Pointas well as the unincorporated community ofStansbury Park.Tooele Army Depotis located on the southern edge of the valley. The Stockton Bar geologic feature separates Tooele Valley and Rush Valley, in which the towns ofStockton,Vernon,Faust,andRush Valleyare located. Additional small towns,OphirandMercur,are located in two canyons on the south western side of the Oquirrh Mountains.
Tooele is home to one of the nine statewide regional campuses ofUtah State University(located in the city of Tooele).
History
editEvidence of several indigenousNative Americangroups has been found in Tooele County, but only the westernShoshone-speakingGoshutetribe claim the desolate lands as their ancestral home. The Goshute's traditional territory includes most of modern Tooele County.
The Great Salt Lake Desert, which comprises much of the northern portion of the county, provided a major stumbling block for the ill-fated Donner-Reed Party in 1846. Its crusty sand slowed the group's wagons to such an extent that the groupspent six days crossing its 80-mile length,severely sapping the group's resources and leading to their eventual disaster.
In 1847,Mormon pioneerssettled in the neighboringSalt Lake Valley.Initially, Tooele Valley was used as a major grazing ground for Mormon cattle owners from Salt Lake and Utah Valleys.[6]: 4 In 1849 the first white settlers established permanent roots in the Tooele Valley. Building asaw mill,the settlement was calledE.T. Cityafter LDS leaderE.T. Benson.The territorial legislature first designated Tooele County—initially called "Tuilla" —on January 31, 1850, with significantly different boundaries.[7]Its government was not organized at that time, and the area was attached to Salt Lake County for judicial and administrative purposes. It is speculated the name derives from aNative Americanchief, but controversy exists about whether such a chief lived. Alternate explanations hypothesize that the name comes from "tu-wanda",the Goshute word for"bear",or from"tule",aSpanishword ofAztecorigins meaning "bulrush".
The Goshutes did not accept Mormon encroachment on their traditional homeland. The Mormons occupied the best camping sites near reliable springs, hunted in Goshute hunting grounds, and overgrazed the meadowland, leaving it unfit for sustaining the animals and plants used by the Goshutes. Mormons believed that Utah was a promised land given to them by God, and did not recognize any Goshute claim to the land.[6]: 5 Goshutes began confiscating Mormon cattle that trespassed onto their property.[8]In response, the Mormons ordered their armies to kill the Goshutes. In 1850, they ambushed a Goshute village, but the Goshutes were able to defend themselves without casualties. Later that year, a contingent of at least 50 men attacked the Goshute camp, killing nine and suffering no casualties. In 1851, GeneralDaniel H. Wellstook 30 people prisoners. After they tried to escape, Wells executed them.[6]: 11–12 Similar attacks occurred throughout the 1850s with Goshutes typically being on the losing side.
By June 10, 1851, the county government was organized. On that date the county attachment to Salt Lake County was terminated. By 1852,Grantsville,Batesville, andPine Canyon(later named Lincoln) were settled.
In 1855 the town of Richville was designatedcounty seat,but it soon became clear thatTooelewas much larger. In 1861 the territorial legislature allowed the county to select a new seat, and Tooele was selected.
In 1859 Robert B. Jarvis, aU.S. Bureau of Indian Affairsrepresentative, convinced some of thenomadicbands to congregate at afarmreservation called Deep Creek. The results looked promising, but Jarvis' resignation in 1860 led support to disappear and the farm to be abandoned. Jarvis' replacement, Benjamin Davies, noted the Goshutes had lost faith in the federal government, and recommended limiting further encroachments on Goshute land, but his suggestions were largely ignored.
Twenty-two overlandstagecoachoutposts were built in Goshute territory, often on the sites of rare natural springs. Goshute attacks on mail outposts escalated in 1860, resulting in dozens of deaths in alternating waves of raids. At the outbreak of theAmerican Civil War,federal troops left the area leaving defense in the hands of theNauvoo Legionuntil GeneralPatrick E. Connorarrived inSalt Lake CityfromCaliforniain 1862.
Connor acted ruthlessly toward the natives. He killed over 300 Shoshone in SouthernIdahoin 1863. Connor's men attacked Native American camps, sometimes indiscriminately, but through 1863 stage coach companies had lost 16 men and over 150horsesto depredations. A peace treaty was signed in 1863 which included anannuityof goods andUS$1000 in compensation of killed game in exchange for an end to the hostilities, and use of routes through the natives' territories. The treaty did not cede Goshute control of land, but a follow-up agreement made in June 1865 did.
General Connor, who wasanti-Mormon,also encouraged his troops to prospect for minerals. Connor believed thatminingwould bring non-Mormons toUtah Territory.After his men discoveredgold,silver,lead,andzincdeposits in Tooele County in 1864 he was proven right. The Rush Valley Mining District was established by soldiers in the westernOquirrh Mountainsand more than 100 claims were staked in the first year. Two new mining towns,OphirandLewistonballooned to over 6000 people each in the 1870s, exceeding the population of Tooele and all the Mormon settlements in the area.
Tooele County as originally defined extended into present-dayNevada.The county's borders were adjusted in 1852, in 1854, in 1856, in 1861, and in 1862. WhenNevada Territorywas created in 1862, the county's borders were impacted, and when the Territory became a state (1864), Tooele County was formally divested of all its Nevada area. Two more boundary adjustments were made in 1870 and 1880, after which it has retained its boundaries to the present.[4]
Republic of Tooele
editFrom 1874 to 1879, non-Mormon politicians from theLiberal Party of Utahgained control of Tooele County, the first time any non-Mormons had success in Utah politics. Whimsically, they called the county the Republic of Tooele.
The 1874 election marked the first success of theanti-MormonLiberal Party, which was organized in 1870. The party viewed the large non-Mormon mining population in the county as a natural environment for electoral success and campaigned fiercely in Tooele's mining districts leading up to the June 1874 election. The non-Mormon appointedgovernor of Utah Territory,George L. Woods,campaigned for the Liberals in Tooele County.
The incumbent MormonPeople's Partyobserved several Tooele polling places on election day and lodged complaints of fraud after the Liberal Party triumphed by about 300 votes out of 2,200. The People's Party alleged Liberal Party supporters had voted more than once, that many had not been residents for the required six months, and they were not taxpayers—according to territorial law, only taxpayers could vote in elections. The People's Party called attention to the 2,200 votes cast in the election although only 1,500 Tooele Countyproperty taxpayerswere on record. Incumbents refused to yield control of the Tooele County recorder's office and the Tooele County Courthouse because of the alleged fraud.
Governor Woods dismissed the complaints and certified the Liberal victory. Third District Court Judge James B. McKean ruled that no evidence showing illegal activity had been presented. McKean construedpoll taxas within the meaning of being a taxpayer. Since no evidence was provided there were over 300carpetbaggersor repeat votes in the election, McKean sustained the tally and authorized deputyU.S. Marshalsto install the Liberal candidates.
The recorder's office was seized when it was momentarily abandoned, but a contingent of People's Party supporters and incumbents held the county courthouse night and day. The marshals and Liberal Party candidates, outnumbered, attempted to negotiate with the armed and barricaded Mormons. Aware that a show of aggression could spark a battle, the parties were nonetheless unable to come to an agreement to hand over power.
Judge McKean issued an even more strongly worded injunction, andBrigham Youngadvised his followers that they had an obligation to obey the federal courts. The county courthouse was abandoned, thus beginning about five years of Liberal Party rule. However, theUtah territoriallegislature, which had the last say on the qualifications of its members, refused to seat the Liberal Party representative from Tooele County.
The Liberals won an unopposed 1876 election.
In 1876, the territorial legislature passed bills requiringvoter registrationand requiringwomen's suffragefor local elections—women had been voting in territorial elections since 1870. The Liberal Party, typically supported by male miners casually interested in politics, opposed both measures. In 1878 the Liberal majority in Tooele County disappeared, and the People's Party regained control in 1879 after more than six months of Liberal procedural delays.
The Republic of Tooele era was characterized by subsequent politicians as one of excessive spending. The county was left with about $16,000 debt, significantly more than it started with.[citation needed]
Modern Tooele
editMining continued to play an important part in Tooele County into the 20th century, but the county benefited from two major military bases located in the western portion of the county.Wendover Air Force Base,now closed, was the training base of theEnola Gaycrew, which dropped the firstatomic weaponin 1945. TheTooele Army Depot,built in 1942, formerly housed the largest store ofchemicalandbiological weapons,45 percent of the nation's, in the United States, at theDeseret Chemical Depot.Starting August 1996, the store was reduced by destruction in a controversial weapons incinerator, at theTooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility;the last such weapon was destroyed in January 2012.[9][10]
Since the 1980s, much of Tooele County's economic prospects have centered around privatehazardous wastedisposal facilities. Between 1988 and 1993, hazardous waste landfills and incinerators have been installed atCliveandAragonite.[11]This, coupled withuranium minetailings fromSalt Lake Countywhich were disposed in Tooele County in the 1980s, the presence of the Deseret Chemical Depot, and a high-polluting magnesium facility inRowley,have contributed to a general perception of Tooele County as a "sacrifice zone"for unwanted wastes.[11]
News coverage for the county is provided by theTooele Transcript-Bulletinnewspaper.
On September 8, 2004, theGenesisspacecraft crashed into the desert floor of theDugway Proving Groundin Tooele County.
The county's western portion is home to theBonneville Salt Flats,traversed byInterstate 80and theWendover Cut-off,the former routing of theVictory Highway.
Geography
editTooele County lies on the west side of Utah. Its west border abuts the east border of the state ofNevada.Its northeast border abuts theGreat Salt Lake.Three significant mountain ranges run north–south through the county. Its east boundary line is delineated by the crestline of theOquirrh Mountains,which separate the Tooele Valley from the Salt Lake Valley. TheStansbury Mountainsparallel the Oquirrhs in the eastern part of the county, and theCedar Mountainsalso run parallel to the other two through the east-central part of the county. There are also isolated prominences across the county, especially at its SW corner. The county terrain is largely arid and unused for agriculture unless irrigation water is available.[12]The county generally slopes to the north. Its highest elevation isDeseret Peakin the Stansburys, at 11,031 ft (3,362 m) ASL. The county has a total area of 7,286 square miles (18,870 km2), of which 6,941 square miles (17,980 km2) is land and 345 square miles (890 km2) (4.7%) is water.[13]
Covering vast amounts of theGreat Salt Lakedesert west ofSalt Lake Valley,Tooele County is the second largest county inUtahand among the driest. TheSkull Valley Indian Reservationlies inSkull Valley,between the Cedar and Stansbury mountain ranges.
Major highways
editAdjacent counties
edit- Box Elder County- north
- Weber County- northeast (across Great Salt Lake)
- Davis County- east (across Great Salt Lake)
- Salt Lake County- east
- Utah County- east
- Juab County- south
- White Pine County, Nevada-southwest
- Elko County, Nevada- west
Protected areas
edit- Salt Springs Waterfowl Management Area
- Timpie Springs Waterfowl Management Area
- Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest (part)
- Wasatch National Forest(part)
- Deseret Peak Wilderness Area
Lakes
edit- Atherley Reservoir
- Big Spring (nearCallao)
- Big Spring (Skull Valley)
- Big Spring (near Timpie Springs)
- Black Spring
- Blue Lake (Salt Springs Waterfowl Management Area)
- Blue Lakes (in and nearGrantsville)
- Chadman Spring
- Cold Spring
- Deep Creek Reservoir
- Dry Lake (Dugway Proving Ground)
- Dry Lake (East Tintic Mountains)
- Grantsville Reservoir
- Greasewood Pond
- Great Salt Lake(partially)
- Horseshoe Springs
- Jacobs Hole
- JB Reservoir
- Jenning Springs
- Kanaka Lake
- Last Chance Lakes
- Mill Pond
- Muskrat Spring
- North Table Mountain Reservoir
- North Willow Lake
- Oswald Reservoir
- Redden Springs
- Rock Bottom Pond
- Rocky Spring
- Rush Lake
- Salt Springs
- Scribner Spring
- Settlement Canyon Reservoir
- Simpson Springs
- South Willow Lake
- Staley Reservoir
- Stansbury Lake
- SunTen Lake I
- SunTen Lake II
- Swimming Hole
- Timpie Springs
- Valley Reservoir
- Vernon Reservoir
- Warm Spring (nearRush Valley)
- Warm Springs (nearGrantsville)
- Willow Patch Springs
- Wilson Health Springs
Demographics
edit| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 1,008 | — | |
| 1870 | 2,177 | 116.0% | |
| 1880 | 4,497 | 106.6% | |
| 1890 | 3,700 | −17.7% | |
| 1900 | 7,361 | 98.9% | |
| 1910 | 7,924 | 7.6% | |
| 1920 | 7,965 | 0.5% | |
| 1930 | 9,413 | 18.2% | |
| 1940 | 9,133 | −3.0% | |
| 1950 | 14,636 | 60.3% | |
| 1960 | 17,868 | 22.1% | |
| 1970 | 21,545 | 20.6% | |
| 1980 | 26,033 | 20.8% | |
| 1990 | 26,601 | 2.2% | |
| 2000 | 40,735 | 53.1% | |
| 2010 | 58,218 | 42.9% | |
| 2020 | 72,698 | 24.9% | |
| 2023 (est.) | 82,051 | [1] | 12.9% |
| US Decennial Census[14] 1790–1960[15]1900–1990[16] 1990–2000[17]2010[18]2020[19] | |||
2020 census
editAccording to the2020 United States census[20]and2020 American Community Survey[21],there were 72,698 people in Tooele County with apopulation densityof 10.3 people per square mile (4.0/km2). Among non-Hispanic or Latinopeople, the racial makeup was 58,199 (80.1%)White,436 (0.6%)African American,445 (0.6%)Native American,511 (0.7%)Asian,637 (0.9%)Pacific Islander,282 (0.4%) fromother races,and 2,666 (3.7%) fromtwo or more races.9,522 (13.1%) people were Hispanic or Latino.
There were 36,687 (50.46%) males and 36,011 (49.54%) females, and the population distribution by age was 23,959 (33.0%) under the age of 18, 41,869 (57.6%) from 18 to 64, and 6,870 (9.5%) who were at least 65 years old. The median age was 31.4 years.
There were 22,087 households in Tooele County with an average size of 3.29 of which 17,531 (79.4%) were families and 4,556 (20.6%) were non-families. Among all families, 13,990 (63.3%) weremarried couples,1,398 (6.3%) were male householders with no spouse, and 2,143 (9.7%) were female householders with no spouse. Among all non-families, 3,572 (16.2%) were a single person living alone and 984 (4.5%) were two or more people living together. 10,566 (47.8%) of all households had children under the age of 18. 17,970 (81.4%) of households wereowner-occupiedwhile 4,117 (18.6%) wererenter-occupied.
The median income for a Tooele County household was $76,737 and the median family income was $83,730, with aper-capita incomeof $27,702. The median income for males that werefull-time employeeswas $57,579 and for females $40,845. 5.9% of the population and 4.7% of families were below thepoverty line.
In terms of education attainment, out of the 40,623 people in Tooele County 25 years or older, 3,224 (7.9%) hadnot completed high school,12,971 (31.9%) had ahigh school diplomaor equivalency, 15,055 (37.1%) had some college orassociate degree,6,091 (15.0%) had abachelor's degree,and 3,282 (8.1%) had agraduateorprofessional degree.
Environmental concerns
editHeavy industry and the resulting pollution of the air, soil, and groundwater has affected the region in several ways. The US Environmental Protection Agency has reported that Tooele-basedUS Magnesiumdischarges dangerous toxins and cancerous byproducts. In 2008, the US Government considered listing the area as aSuperfundsite. Tooele County was listed in 1989 as having the worst air in Utah, according to Federal agencies and environmental groups.[22]The Tooele County Health Department notes that the chemical output of the heavy industry can be particularly dangerous in the winter, because the region's climate and setting create winter inversions, suspending the toxins in the air, and posing "serious health concerns".[23]
Due to the history of toxic waste disposal in the area, Tooele County and Utah residents have opposed plans to dispose of nuclear waste in the county boundaries. A high level nuclear waste site proposed to be built at the Goshute Tribe Reservation in Skull Valley faced opposition until the plan slowly fizzled out.[24]Projects to dispose of depleted uranium at Energy Solution's Clive facility continue to cause controversy.[25]
Politics and government
editFrom1932through1968,Tooele County tended Democratic, selecting the Democratic nominee in every election save1956(but being blue enough to vote forStevensonin1952). From1972on, however, it has become powerfully Republican, voting Democratic only once in this period thus far, forBill Clintonin1996(with a low plurality and by a narrow margin).
| Position | District | Name | Affiliation | First elected | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senate | 12 | Daniel Thatcher | Republican | 2010[26] | |
| Senate | 17 | Scott Sandall | Republican | 2018[27] | |
| House of Representatives | 21 | Douglas Sagers | Republican | 2010[28] | |
| House of Representatives | 68 | Merrill Nelson | Republican | 2012[29] | |
| Board of Education | 3 | Matt Hymas | Republican | 2020[30] | |
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 21,014 | 66.67% | 8,943 | 28.37% | 1,561 | 4.95% |
| 2016 | 11,169 | 50.79% | 4,573 | 20.79% | 6,250 | 28.42% |
| 2012 | 14,268 | 73.77% | 4,524 | 23.39% | 550 | 2.84% |
| 2008 | 10,998 | 62.98% | 5,830 | 33.38% | 635 | 3.64% |
| 2004 | 12,181 | 73.10% | 4,130 | 24.78% | 353 | 2.12% |
| 2000 | 7,807 | 62.56% | 4,001 | 32.06% | 672 | 5.38% |
| 1996 | 3,881 | 41.68% | 3,992 | 42.87% | 1,439 | 15.45% |
| 1992 | 3,676 | 35.79% | 3,270 | 31.84% | 3,325 | 32.37% |
| 1988 | 5,539 | 56.50% | 4,166 | 42.49% | 99 | 1.01% |
| 1984 | 6,478 | 63.95% | 3,584 | 35.38% | 68 | 0.67% |
| 1980 | 6,024 | 62.03% | 3,132 | 32.25% | 556 | 5.72% |
| 1976 | 4,657 | 50.34% | 4,371 | 47.25% | 223 | 2.41% |
| 1972 | 5,641 | 66.02% | 2,621 | 30.67% | 283 | 3.31% |
| 1968 | 3,422 | 41.39% | 4,250 | 51.41% | 595 | 7.20% |
| 1964 | 2,511 | 32.40% | 5,239 | 67.60% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 3,016 | 45.10% | 3,665 | 54.80% | 7 | 0.10% |
| 1956 | 3,390 | 55.82% | 2,683 | 44.18% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 3,209 | 47.68% | 3,521 | 52.32% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 2,036 | 41.69% | 2,798 | 57.29% | 50 | 1.02% |
| 1944 | 1,753 | 38.45% | 2,802 | 61.46% | 4 | 0.09% |
| 1940 | 1,476 | 35.93% | 2,625 | 63.90% | 7 | 0.17% |
| 1936 | 1,029 | 30.27% | 2,361 | 69.46% | 9 | 0.26% |
| 1932 | 1,407 | 42.34% | 1,865 | 56.12% | 51 | 1.53% |
| 1928 | 1,707 | 54.22% | 1,421 | 45.14% | 20 | 0.64% |
| 1924 | 1,295 | 52.47% | 674 | 27.31% | 499 | 20.22% |
| 1920 | 1,387 | 56.15% | 916 | 37.09% | 167 | 6.76% |
| 1916 | 1,124 | 40.61% | 1,528 | 55.20% | 116 | 4.19% |
| 1912 | 950 | 44.21% | 646 | 30.06% | 553 | 25.73% |
| 1908 | 1,106 | 56.03% | 808 | 40.93% | 60 | 3.04% |
| 1904 | 1,289 | 63.44% | 639 | 31.45% | 104 | 5.12% |
| 1900 | 1,259 | 52.70% | 1,114 | 46.63% | 16 | 0.67% |
| 1896 | 274 | 13.99% | 1,684 | 86.01% | 0 | 0.00% |
Education
editAll parts of Tooele County are in theTooele School District.[32]
Tooele is home to one of the nine statewide regional campuses of Utah State University.
Communities
edit
Cities
edit- Erda
- Grantsville
- Lake Point
- Tooele(county seat)
- Wendover
Towns
editCensus-designated places
editTownships
editUnincorporated communities
editGhost towns
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ab"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedMarch 26,2024.
- ^"Tooele County, Utah".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedJuly 1,2023.
- ^"Find a County".National Association of Counties.RetrievedJune 7,2011.
- ^ab"Utah: Individual County Chronologies".Utah Atlas of Historical County Boundaries.The Newberry Library.2008. Archived fromthe originalon March 6, 2016.RetrievedJune 26,2015.
- ^Best for job growth - Tooele County, UTMoney
- ^abcTodd M. Compton.Becoming a "Messenger of Peace": Jacob Hamblin in Tooele(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on October 28, 2017.RetrievedOctober 27,2017.
- ^Blanthorn, Ouida (1998).A History of Tooele County.Salt Lake City: Utah State Historical Society. p. 69.ISBN0-913738-44-1.
- ^"Dennis R. Defa.Goshute IndiansUtah History Encyclopedia, p. 228, (Allan Kent Powell ed., 1994) ".Archived fromthe originalon December 12, 2017.RetrievedOctober 27,2017.
- ^Christensen, Lisa."Deseret Chemical Depot finally destroys last chemical weapons".Tooele Transcript-Bulletin.RetrievedNovember 5,2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^The U.S. Army Chemical Materials Agency (CMA) - Tooele, UTArchivedApril 8, 2014, at theWayback Machine
- ^abJ. Matthew Shumway and Richard H. Jackson, "Place Making, Hazardous Waste, and the Development of Tooele County, Utah".The Geographical Review,98 (2008), pp. 433-455.
- ^abcTooele County UTGoogle Maps
- ^"2010 Census Gazetteer Files".US Census Bureau. August 22, 2012.RetrievedJune 26,2015.
- ^"US Decennial Census".United States Census Bureau. Archived fromthe originalon May 7, 2015.RetrievedJune 26,2015.
- ^"Historical Census Browser".University of Virginia Library. Archived fromthe originalon August 11, 2012.RetrievedJune 26,2015.
- ^Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995)."Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990".US Census Bureau.RetrievedJune 26,2015.
- ^"Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000"(PDF).US Census Bureau. April 2, 2001.RetrievedJune 26,2015.
- ^"State & County QuickFacts".United States Census Bureau.Archived fromthe originalon February 25, 2016.RetrievedDecember 30,2013.
- ^2020 Population and Housing State Data | Utah
- ^United States Census Bureau."2020 Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics File (DHC)".RetrievedNovember 3,2024.
- ^United States Census Bureau."American Community Survey 5-Year Data (2009-2022)".RetrievedNovember 3,2024.
- ^"Tooele County led US in amount of Toxic Air Pollution Emitted in '89".DeseretNews.July 24, 1991. Archived fromthe originalon January 26, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 18,2016.
- ^"Winter Inversions. Tooele County Health Department".tooelehealth.org.Archived fromthe originalon January 31, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 18,2016.
- ^"Utan N-Waste site backers call it quits".
- ^"Energy Solutions Depleted Uranium".Archived fromthe originalon March 23, 2016.RetrievedApril 9,2016.
- ^"Senator Thatcher Utah Senate".senate.utah.gov.RetrievedNovember 16,2021.
- ^"Senator Sandall Utah Senate".senate.utah.gov.RetrievedNovember 16,2021.
- ^"Rep. Sagers, Douglas V."Utah House of Representatives.Archived fromthe originalon November 17, 2021.RetrievedNovember 17,2021.
- ^"Rep. Nelson, Merrill F."Utah House of Representatives.Archived fromthe originalon November 15, 2021.RetrievedNovember 15,2021.
- ^"Matt Hymas".schools.utah.gov.Archived fromthe originalon November 17, 2021.RetrievedNovember 16,2021.
- ^Leip, David."Atlas of US Presidential Elections".uselectionatlas.org.RetrievedMarch 31,2018.
- ^"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Tooele County, UT"(PDF).U.S. Census Bureau.RetrievedJanuary 16,2023.-Text list
Further reading
edit- (1994)"Tooele County"article in theUtah History Encyclopedia.The article was written by Miriam B. Murphy and the Encyclopedia was published by the University of Utah Press. ISBN 9780874804256. Archived fromthe originalon November 3, 2022, and retrieved on March 27, 2024.
External links
edit