Wikipedia

Toyota M engine

For the M15 and M20 engines produced since 2018, seeToyota Dynamic Force engine.

Toyota Motor Corporation'sM familyof engines were alongitudinallymountedstraight-6engine design. They were used from the 1960s through the 1990s. All M family engines wereOHCdesigns. While the M family was born with a chain-driven singlecamshaftit evolved into a belt-drivenDOHCsystem after 1980. All M family engines used acast-ironblock with analuminumcylinder head,and were built at theToyota Kamigo plantinToyota City,Japan.

Toyota M engine
Overview
ManufacturerToyota
Production1965–1993
Layout
ConfigurationStraight-6
Cylinder blockmaterialCast iron
Cylinder headmaterialAluminum
Combustion
Cooling systemWater-cooled
Chronology
SuccessorToyota JZ engine,Toyota G engine

TheM-Evariant, available only in theJapanese domestic market,was the first Toyota engine to be equipped withfuel injection(around the same time as the 4-cylinder18R-E). The4M-Ewas the first Toyota engine to be equipped withfuel injectionfor non-Japanese markets. The M family were Toyota's most prestigious engines (apart from the uncommonV familyV8) for over 30 years. They were commonly found on the largeToyota Crown,Mark II,andSupramodels.

M

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The firstMwas a 2.0 L (1,988 cc) version produced from 1965 through 1988. It was a 2-valveSOHCengine. Cylinder bore and stroke was square at 75 mm (2.95 in). Output was 110–115 PS (108–113 bhp; 81–85 kW) at 5,200 to 5600 rpm, depending on specifications and model year. Typical torque is 157 N⋅m (116 lb⋅ft; 16 kg⋅m) at 3,800 rpm.

The "M-C" engine, for commercial vehicles such as the Crown Van produces 105 PS (104 bhp; 77 kW).[1]

Twin sidedraftSU Carburettorspushed output for theM-BandM-Dto 125 PS (123 bhp; 92 kW) at 5,800 rpm.[2]

Anti emissions versions, theM-UandM-EU,replaced theMandM-Eon the Japanese market in mid 1976. The emissions system was called TTC (Toyota Total Clean), with a "-C" to denote the installation of a catalytic converter. For commercial vehicles, the emissions controlled carburetted version was called the M-J.

Applications (calendar years):

M-P

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AnLPGversion, theM-PandM-PUwas produced from 1966 through 1989. The earliest models were simply called theM-LPG,with the emissions scrubbed M-PU replacing it in mid-1976.

M-E

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1973 Toyota M-E engine.

TheM-Efuel injected induction system appeared in the 1973–1976Toyota Mark II (X10)"LG" sedan and hardtop as sold in Japan. It was not sold outside Japan.

The M-E was redesignated as theM-EUfor the Japanese market in December 1976 when it received the TTC-C (Toyota Total Clean), catalytic converter to meet anti-emissions laws.

Applications (calendar years):

M-TEU

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TheturbochargedM-TEUappeared in 1980 with 145 bhp (147 PS; 108 kW) at 5,600 rpm and 211 N⋅m (156 lb⋅ft; 21.5 kg⋅m) at 3,000 rpm. It used aGarretT-03 turbo.

In 1983, Toyota added an air/waterintercoolerto the M-TEU. Output was bumped to 160 bhp (162 PS; 119 kW) at 5,600 rpm and 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft; 23.5 kg⋅m) at 3,000 rpm.

Applications (calendar years):

2M

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The 2-valveSOHC2Mwas stroked to 85 mm (3.35 in) for 2.3 L (2,253 cc). It was produced from November 1966 to September 1974.[3][4]Output was 81–86 kW (109–115 bhp) at 5,200 rpm and 159–172 N⋅m (117–127 lb⋅ft; 16.2–17.5 kg⋅m) at 3,600 rpm.[5]

Applications (calendar years):

3M

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3M 2.0 Liter inline six

Another 1,988 cc (2.0 L; 121.3 cu in)naturally aspiratedinline 6,with both squaredboreandstrokeof 75 mm (2.95 in) and equipped with 3Mikuni-Solex40 PHHcarburetors,the 2 valves percylinderDOHC3M,was produced from 1966 through 1971. This special engine shared the original M's block but featured an aluminum sump, a specialYamaha-designed aluminum head with wide 79° valves and a hemispherical shape. It powered the Yamaha/Toyota MF102000GT,which 'Import Tuner' magazine has described as "the first true original Japanese supercar".[6]Output was 150 PS (148 hp; 110 kW) at 6,600 rpm and 175 N⋅m (129 lb⋅ft; 17.8 kg⋅m) at 5,000 rpm and aCompression ratioof 8.4:1.[7][8][9]

Applications (calendar years):

4M

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Toyota 4M engine.

The engine was bored out to 80 mm (3.15 in) to create the 2.6 L (2,563 cc) 2-valveSOHC4M.Produced from 1972 through 1980, output was 108–123 bhp (109–125 PS; 81–92 kW) at 5,600 rpm and 181–191 N⋅m (134–141 lb⋅ft; 18.5–19.5 kg⋅m) at 3,600 rpm.

Thefuel-injected4M-Ewas produced from 1978 through 1980. It was also a 2-valve SOHC engine. Output was 110 bhp (112 PS; 82 kW) at 4,800 rpm and 184 N⋅m (136 lb⋅ft; 18.8 kg⋅m) at 2,400 rpm.

Applications (calendar years):

5M

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The bore was up again to 83.1 mm (3.27 in) in the 2.8 L (2,759 cc)5M,produced from 1979 through 1988. Although 2-valveSOHCandcarburetedversions were made, it is thefuel-injectedDOHC5M-GEthat is the most common.

The original federalized version of theSOHCengine produced just 116 hp (118 PS; 87 kW) at 4,800 rpm and 196 N⋅m (145 lb⋅ft; 20 kg⋅m) at 3,600 rpm.

In Australia the 5M-E (in 1985) had 103 kW (140 PS; 138 bhp) at 4,800 rpm and 226 N⋅m (166 lb⋅ft; 23 kg⋅m) at 3,600 rpm due to the particular emissions standards at the time. This engine was used in the Supra in Australia as well as Sweden and Switzerland, while Swiss buyers were also offered this engine in the Cressida and the Crown.

In Europe (aside from Sweden and Switzerland, who received the same spec engine as Australia) the 5M-E produced 145 PS (143 bhp; 107 kW) in the Crown MS112 and the Celica Supra MA61.

Applications (calendar years):

5M-GE

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The 12-valve (2 valves per cylinder)DOHC5M-GEis familiar as the engine of theToyota SupraandToyota Cressidaof the 1980s. It was quite different from any previous member of the M family, withBoschL-Jetronic-derivedelectronic fuel-injection(using an AFM intake measuring scheme), wide-angle valves, and belt-driven dualcamshafts.It usedhydraulic valve lifters,a first for Toyota. The use of rocker arms and valve lash adjusters eliminated the need for valve clearance maintenance, a world first for any twin cam engine.[11]This version of the M made its US debut in 1982'sToyota Celica Supra MK2.The 1982 version had a vacuum-advance distributor, whereas the 1983–1988 versions found in the Celica Supra and Cressida had full electronic control of the ignition system and distributor. The newer engine control system found in these later cars was named TCCS, orToyotaComputerControlSystem and, together with different intake runners, increased max power by 5 PS (5 bhp; 4 kW) from August 1983.[12]

Output ranged from 145 to 175 bhp (108 to 130 kW), depending on exhaust system, emissions controls, compression ratio, intake runner shape (earlier models had round intake runners and later models had D-shaped intake runners), and ECU tuning.

There were aftermarket crank and piston kits offered for the 5M-GE that took the displacement up to 2.9 L for 230 bhp (172 kW) and 3.1 L for 250 bhp (186 kW). Outfitted with kits like the Kuwahara 3100, these engines were often used quite successfully in powerboat racing in the mid 1980s.

Specifications:

  • Valvetrain:DOHC2 valves per cylinder
  • Forced Induction: None
  • Displacement: 2,759 cc (2.8 L; 168.4 cu in)
  • Bore x stroke: 83 mm × 85 mm (3.27 in × 3.35 in)
  • Compression Ratio: 8.1:1 to 9.2:1
  • Power: 145–175 hp (108–130 kW)
  • Torque: 190–230 N⋅m (140–170 lb⋅ft; 19.4–23.5 kg⋅m)
  • Production: 1982–1988

Applications (calendar years):

Differences between years on US model of the Celica Supra:

  • 1982 Supra 5M-GE had vacuum-advance distributors and 9-to-0 volt output AFMs.
  • 1982–1983 Supra 5M-GE had dual V-belt accessory drive, 65 amp alternator, square-tooth camshaft belts, 8.8:1 compression ratio, shallower oil pan, and round intake runners.
  • 1983–1985.5 Supra 5M-GE had 0- to 5-volt output AFM's and TCCS.
  • 1984–1985.5 Supra 5M-GE had 7-rib serpentine accessory drive belts, 60 amp alternator, round-tooth camshaft belts, 9.2:1 compression ratio, knock sensor, deeper oil pan, and D-shaped intake runners.

6M-GE

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Toyota increased the 5M-GE's stroke to 91 mm (3.58 in) to create the 3.0 L (2,954 cc)6M-GE.This necessitated the fitment of larger diameter intake runners 37 mm (1.46 in) versus 35 mm (1.38 in).[12]Only produced in 12-valve (2 valves per cylinder)DOHC/fuel-injectedversions, it was available as the6M-GEand Japan-spec6M-GEUfrom 1984 through 1987. The 6M engine used the same crank, machined to accept a differenttorsional damper,as the 1986–1989 7M-GE and 7M-GTE engines; this fact is witnessed by the designation "6M" stamped on the counterweight of the crank on the earlier 1986–1988 7M engines.

Output was 170–190 bhp (172–193 PS; 127–142 kW) at 5,600 rpm and 230–260 N⋅m (170–192 lb⋅ft; 23.5–26.5 kg⋅m) at 4,400 rpm. The 6M-GEU is usually the lower powered variant of 6M engines, due to more restrictive exhaust and increased emissions-control hardware. Even though it was never offered in US-market vehicles, it is sometimes imported from countries where it was available and transplanted into US-market Celica Supras and MX63 and MX73 Cressidas, since it is externally identical to the 5M-GE.

Applications (calendar years):

7M-GE

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TheToyota 7M-GEintroduced in the early months of 1986 is a 2,954 cc (3.0 L) 24-valve (4 valves per cylinder)DOHC/fuel-injectedengine. The valves are spaced at a performance-oriented 50° angle. Cylinder bore and stroke is 83 mm × 91 mm (3.27 in × 3.58 in).

The7M-GEwas produced from 1986 through 1992. Output was 190–204 bhp (193–207 PS; 142–152 kW) at 6,000 rpm and 250–265 N⋅m (184–195 lb⋅ft; 25.5–27 kg⋅m) at 3,600 rpm.[13]

Specifications:

  • Displacement: 2,954 cc (3.0 L; 180.3 cu in)
  • Bore x stroke: 83 mm × 91 mm (3.27 in × 3.58 in)
  • Compression Ratio: 9.1:1
  • Weight: 199 kg (439 lb)

Applications (calendar years):

  • Cylinder head from front
  • Inlet side of cylinder head
  • Partially built 7MGE
  • Partially built 7MGE
  • Modified 7MGE engine

7M-GTE

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Theturbocharged7M-GTEwas produced from 1986 to 1992. Output was 232 hp (173 kW; 235 PS) at 5,600 rpm and 344 N⋅m (254 lb⋅ft; 35.1 kg⋅m) at 3,200 rpm[13]for most 5 psi (0.34 bar) versions. It was Toyota's top performance engine until it was replaced by theJZ-series engines.

Toyota produced a variant of the existing Japanese-market7M-GTEUwhich featured a modified CT26 high-flow turbocharger and large volume intercooler, pushed output to 267 hp (199 kW) at 5,600 rpm and 358 N⋅m (264 lb⋅ft; 36.5 kg⋅m) at 4,400 rpm. This was used only in the racing homologationToyota Supra Turbo Aroad and race cars. TheTurbo Amodels also measured air based on manifold pressure rather than using an air flow meter, had a larger intercooler, larger throttle body, optimized CT-26 turbo, and various other differences. It was one of the fastest Japanese cars at the time. The homologation was for the Group A series. The Group A Supra with a 7M-GTE and CT26 turbo produced 433 kW (580 bhp).

Specifications:

  • Displacement: 2,954 cc (3.0 L; 180.3 cu in)
  • Bore x stroke: 83 mm × 91 mm (3.27 in × 3.58 in)
  • Compression Ratio: 8.4:1
  • Weight: 210 kg (463 lb)

Applications (calendar years):

  • left side view
  • View of bottom end, with crankshaft and oil pump pickup
  • oil pump and internals
  • front part, upside down
  • piston with rod on top of engine
  • engine mounted and running
  • engine in bay, refurbished partially
  • CT 26 standard turbocharger

See also

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References

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  1. ^Toyota Commercial Cars(Catalog),Toyota, 1969, p. 2
  2. ^Braunschweig, Robert; et al., eds. (March 11, 1971). "Automobil Revue '71".66.Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag SA: 509–510.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
  3. ^abToyota Crown MS45, MS45-B, MS45-C Parts Catalog.Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. Export-Sales Division. 1966. Pub. No. 93398-66.
  4. ^abcToyota Genuine Parts Master Catalog, Crown (Sep. 1967-).Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. Export-Sales Division. June 1974.
  5. ^Toyota 2M & M Engine Repair Manual.Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. Export-Technical Division. September 1966. pp. 0–3. Pub. No. 96110.
  6. ^"Four One One - 1967 Toyota 2000 GT - Import Tuner Magazine".Archived fromthe originalon September 30, 2008.
  7. ^"1967 Japanese brochure".RetrievedJanuary 9,2010.
  8. ^"1968 Toyota 2000 GT MF10".carfolio.RetrievedJune 10,2018.
  9. ^"1967 -1970 Toyota 2000 GT specifications".ultimatecarpage.RetrievedJune 10,2018.
  10. ^"Spare parts for Toyota Cressida, MX73L".Online Car Parts Catalogue.Amayama Trading Co., Ltd.
  11. ^All About the Toyota Twin Cam, 2nd ed.,Tokyo, Japan: Toyota Motor Company, 1984, p. 8
  12. ^abcdeToyota Twin Cam,p. 9
  13. ^ab"Supra Statistics".Cygnus X1.RetrievedMay 28,2021.
  14. ^Toyota Supra parts catalog USA & Canada, MA70 (1988.08-1993.05), No. 49422-93, Nov 1993,
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