Wikipedia

Trafford

This article is about the district of Greater Manchester, England. For other uses, seeTrafford (disambiguation).

Traffordis ametropolitan boroughofGreater Manchester,England,with an estimated population of 236,301 in 2022.[3]It covers 106 square kilometres (41 sq mi)[5]and includes the area ofOld Traffordand the towns ofAltrincham,Stretford,Urmston,PartingtonandSale.The borough was formed in 1974 as a merger of six former districts and part of a seventh. TheRiver Merseyflows through the borough, separating North Trafford from South Trafford, and thehistoric countiesofLancashireandCheshire.Trafford is the seventh-most populous district in Greater Manchester.[3]

Borough of Trafford
Metropolitan borough
Trafford Town Hall
Trafford Town Hall
Coat of arms of Borough of Trafford
Coat of arms
Motto:
Hold fast that which is good
Trafford shown within Greater Manchester
Trafford shown withinGreater Manchester
Coordinates:53°26′46″N2°18′29″W/ 53.44611°N 2.30806°W/53.44611; -2.30806
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
CountryEngland
RegionNorth West
Ceremonial countyandcity regionGreater Manchester
Incorporated1 April 1974
Administrative HQTrafford Town Hall
Government
[1]
• TypeMetropolitanborough
• BodyTrafford Council
•ExecutiveLeader and cabinet
•ControlLabour
•LeaderTom Ross(L)
•MayorDolores O'Sullivan
•MPs
3 MPs
Area
[2]
• Total
41 sq mi (106 km2)
• Rank192nd
Population
(2022)[3]
• Total
236,301
• Rank78th
• Density5,770/sq mi (2,228/km2)
Ethnicity(2021)
[4]
•Ethnic groups
List
Religion(2021)
[4]
•Religion
List
Time zoneUTC+0(GMT)
• Summer (DST)UTC+1(BST)
Postcode area
Dialling code0161
ISO 3166 codeGB-TRF
GSS codeE08000009
Websitetrafford.gov.uk
The boundary of thehistoric countiesofLancashireandCheshireis marked along theRiver Merseyin Trafford.

There is evidence ofNeolithic,Bronze Age,andRomanactivity in the area, two castles – one of them aScheduled Ancient Monument– and over 200listed buildings.In the late 19th century, the population rapidly expanded with the arrival of the railway. Trafford is the home ofManchester United F.C.andLancashire County Cricket Club,as well asAltrincham F.C.andTrafford F.C..TheImperial War Museum North,opened in 2002, is located in the borough.

Trafford has a strong economy with low levels of unemployment and contains bothTrafford Parkindustrial estate and theTrafford Centre,a large out-of-town shopping centre. Apart from theCity of Manchester,Trafford is the only borough in Greater Manchester to be above the national average for weekly income. Socially, the area includes bothworking classandmiddle classareas likeBowdonandHale.InParliament,Trafford is represented by threeconstituencies:Stretford and Urmston;Altrincham and Sale West;andWythenshawe and Sale East,which mainly covers neighbouring Manchester.

History

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The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 under theLocal Government Act 1972,covering the area of six former districts which were abolished at the same time, as well as fourcivil parishesfrom a seventh abolished district:

‡ Parishes fromBucklow Rural District

Stretford and Urmston had been in theadministrative countyofLancashireprior to the 1974 reforms, whilst all the others had been in the administrative county ofCheshire.[6]The new district was awardedborough statusfrom its creation, allowing the chairman of the council to take the title of mayor.[7]

The choice of the name Trafford for the borough was a "compromise between Altrincham, Stretford and Sale", and "seemed to have wide support".[8]A Liberal councillor for theMunicipal Borough of Salesuggested "Crossford... whilst" Watlingford "was suggested by councillors in Hale, after the supposed name of an ancientRoman roadin the district.[8]Those names were rejected in favour of Trafford, because of the district's "famous sports venue, a major employer as well as historic associations", referring toOld Trafford(cricketandfootball),Trafford Parkand thede Trafford baronetsrespectively.[8][9]

As a place name, Trafford is anAnglo-Frenchversion of Stratford, deriving from theOld Englishwordsstræt(a street, more specifically a Roman road) andford (crossing).The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford has existed since 1974, but the area it covers has a long history.Neolithicarrowheads have been discovered inAltrinchamandSale,[10]and there is evidence ofBronze Agehabitation inTimperley.[11]Fragments ofRomanpottery have been found inUrmston,and Roman coins have been found in Sale. The Roman road between thelegionaryfortressesatChester(Deva Victrix) andYork(Eboracum) crosses Trafford, passing through Stretford, Sale, and Altrincham.[12]The settlements in Trafford have been based largely around agriculture, although Altrincham was founded as a market town in the mid 13th century.[13]Although theIndustrial Revolutionaffected Trafford, the area did not experience the same rate of growth as the rest ofGreater Manchester.[14]A 100% increase in population in the Trafford area between 1841 and 1861 was a direct result of an influx due to the construction of theManchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway,which allowed residents to commute more easily from Trafford into Manchester.[14]The area developed its own centres of industry inBroadheath(founded in 1885) andTrafford Park(founded in 1897).[15]They have since declined, although Trafford Park still employs 40–50,000 people.[16][17]Today, Trafford is mostly a commuter area. The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by theLocal Government Act 1972as one of the ten metropolitan districts of Greater Manchester.[18]

Geography

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The metropolitan boroughs of theCity of Salfordand theCity of Manchesterborder Trafford to the north and east respectively; theCheshire Eastarea ofCheshirelies to the south. The geology of South Trafford isKeuper marlwith some Keuper waterstone and sandstone, whilst the geology of North Trafford isBunter sandstone.[19]TheRiver Merseyruns east to west through the area, separating North Trafford from South Trafford; other rivers in Trafford include theBollin,theRiver Irwell,Sinderland Brook, and Crofts Bank Brook. TheBridgewater Canal,opened in 1761 and completed in 1776, follows a course through Trafford roughly north to south and passes through Stretford, Sale, and Altrincham.[19]TheManchester Ship Canal,opened in 1894, forms part of Trafford's northern and western boundaries withSalford.[20]

Trafford is generally flat, with most of the land lying between 66 feet (20 m) and 98 feet (30 m) above sea level, apart from Bowdon Hill in South Trafford which rises 200 feet (60 m) above sea level.[19]The lowest point in Trafford, nearWarburton,is 36 feet (11 m) above sea level.[21]There are areas ofmosslandin low-lying areas: Warburton Moss, Dunham Moss, and Hale Moss.[19]Greenspaceaccounts for 51.8% of Trafford's total area, domestic buildings and gardens comprise 25.6%, the rest is made up of roads and non-domestic buildings.[22]

Localities within the boundaries of Trafford include:

North Trafford:Cornbrook,Davyhulme,Firswood,Flixton,Gorse Hill,Lostock,Old Trafford,Stretford,Trafford ParkandUrmston.

South Trafford:Altrincham,Ashton-Upon-Mersey,Bowdon,Broadheath,Brooklands,Carrington,Dunham Massey,Hale,Hale Barns,Oldfield Brow,Partington,Sale,Sale Moor,Timperley,WarburtonandWest Timperley.

Governance

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Representation

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The residents of Trafford Metropolitan Borough are represented in theBritish ParliamentbyMembers of Parliament(MPs) for three separate parliamentary constituencies.Altrincham and Sale Westis represented byConnor RandMP (Labour).Stretford and Urmstonis represented byAndrew WesternMP (Labour).Wythenshawe and Sale East,which also covers parts of theCity of Manchester,is represented byMike KaneMP (Labour).[23]

Council

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Main article:Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council

In 1974, Trafford Council was created to administer the newly formed Trafford Metropolitan Borough and is headquartered atTrafford Town Hall,which was previously named Stretford Town Hall.[24]On its formation in 1974, the council was controlled by theConservative Party;the Conservatives have been in control 1973–85, 1988–94, and 2004–2018. The only time theLabour Partywas in control was 1996–2002, and 2019 to the present. The rest of the time were periods of no overall control.[25]The council meets to decide policy and allocate budget. Its duties include setting levels ofcouncil tax,monitoring the health service in Trafford, providing social care, and funding schools.[26][27]CllrAndrew Westernis the leader of the council as of 2021, and Cllr Laurence Walsh is the current mayor.[28]

In 2007 theAudit Commissionjudged Trafford Council to be "improving strongly" in providing services for local people. Overall the council was awarded "three star" status meaning it was "performing well" and "consistently above minimum requirements", similar to 46% of all local authorities.[29]In 2008–09, Trafford council had a budget of £150.5 million. This was collected fromcouncil tax(57%) and government grants (43%). The council spent £31.8 million on children and young people's services (21%); £60.1 million on community services and social care (40%); £34.4 million on "prosperity, planning, and development" (23%); and £33.8 million on customer and corporate services (22%).[27]

Civil parishesform the bottom tier of local government; the parish councils are involved in planning, management of town and parish centres, and promoting tourism.[30]In 2001, 8,484 people (4.0% of the borough's population) lived in Trafford's four civil parishes:[31]Carrington, Dunham Massey, Partington, and Warburton. They were all previously part ofBucklow Rural District.A rural district was a type of local government district for the administration of predominantly rural areas. The rest of Trafford isunparished.The unparished areas are: Altrincham (Municipal Borough), Bowdon (Urban District), Hale (Urban District), Sale (Municipal Borough), Stretford (Municipal Borough), and Urmston (Urban District). The status of each area prior to 1974 is shown in brackets. An urban district was a type of local government district which covered an urbanised area.

Following the 2018 local elections, the council, which was previously Conservative-held, came under Labour control in the form of a minority administration supported by the Liberal Democrats in aconfidence and supplyadministration. There were a few shock results, such as inAltrincham (ward),where theGreen Partygained seats from the incumbent Conservative councillors. After gaining seats in the 2019 local elections, the Labour Party was in a position to form a majority-controlling administration.

Party political make-up of Trafford Council
Party Seats
2015[32] 2016[33] 2017[34][35] 2018[36] 2019[37] 2021[38] 2022[39] 2023[40] 2024[41]
Labour 26 25 26 30 36 40 41 41 43
Conservative 34 35 33 29 20 17 13 10 8
Liberal Democrats 3 3 3 2 4 3 5 6 6
Green 0 0 0 2 3 3 4 6 6

Electoral wards

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There are 21 electoral wards in Trafford, each with 3 councillors, giving a total of 63 councillors with one-third elected three years out of four.[26]In the following table, which lists the wards before the boundary changes of 2023, the populations for each ward are based on 2013 population estimates from theOffice for National Statistics.

Ward name Localities covered (approximate) Population Ref.
Altrincham Altrincham, Broadheath, and Oldfield Brow 11,873 [42]
Ashton upon Mersey Ashton upon Mersey and Sale 9,726 [42]
Bowdon Altrincham, Bowdon,Dunham Massey,andWarburton 9,284 [42]
Broadheath Altrincham, Broadheath, Sale, Timperley, and West Timperley 13,069 [42]
Brooklands Brooklands and Sale 10,572 [42]
Bucklow-St. Martins Ashton upon Mersey,Carrington,andPartington 10,540 [42]
Clifford Old Trafford 12,003 [42]
Davyhulme East Davyhulme,The Trafford Centre and Urmston 9,680 [42]
Davyhulme West Davyhulme and Flixton 10,006 [42]
Flixton Flixton 10,828 [42]
Gorse Hill Gorse Hill, Stretford and Trafford Park 12,171 [42]
Hale Barns Hale,Hale Barns and Timperley 9,812 [42]
Hale Central Altrincham and Hale 10,543 [42]
Longford Firswood,Old Trafford, and Stretford 12,163 [42]
Priory Sale 10,917 [42]
Sale Moor Sale and Sale Moor 10,508 [42]
St. Mary's Ashton upon Mersey and Sale 11,795 [42]
Stretford Stretford 11,318 [42]
Timperley Brooklands and Timperley 11,201 [42]
Urmston Flixton and Urmston 11,271 [42]
Village Brooklands and Timperley 10,899 [42]
See also:Healthcare in Greater Manchester

Coat of arms

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The coat of arms of Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council

The coat of arms of Trafford Council depicts agriffinon a shield flanked by twounicorns.The line bisecting the shield horizontally symbolises theRiver Merseyrunning through Trafford from east to west and the canals in the borough.[43]The white legs of a lion on a red background represent the parts of Trafford previously controlled by the De Massey family, while the red body and head of an eagle on a white background represents the areas of Trafford previously controlled by the De Traffords. Both elements were taken from the coats of arms of the respective families.[43]The fist holding bolts of lightning represents Stretford and the electrical industry; the cog on the arm represents Altrincham's engineering industry.[43]The unicorns stand for Sale and Altrincham.[43]The oak branches represent Urmston and the rural areas of Trafford.[43]

Demography

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See also:Demographics of Greater Manchester
Ethnic groups in Trafford
Ethnic Group Year
2021[44]
Number %
White:Total 182,761 77.8
White:British 169,550 72.1
White:Irish 4,884 2.1
White:Roma 134 0.1
White:Gypsy or Irish Traveller 46 <0.1
White:Other 8,147 3.5
Asian or Asian British:Total 29,588 12.5
Asian or Asian British:Indian 10,208 4.3
Asian or Asian British:Pakistani 11,479 4.9
Asian or Asian British:Bangladeshi 634 0.3
Asian or Asian British:Chinese 4,813 2.0
Asian or Asian British: Other Asian 2,454 1.0
Black or Black British: Total 8,086 3.4
Black or Black British: African 3,636 1.5
Black or Black British:Caribbean 3,442 1.5
Other Black 1,008 0.4
Mixed or British Mixed: Total 8,834 3.7
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean 3,091 1.3
Mixed: White and Black African 1,068 0.5
Mixed: White and Asian 2,443 1.0
Mixed: Other Mixed 2,232 0.9
Other: Total 5,784 2.4
Other:Arab 2,457 1.0
Other: Any other ethnic group 3,327 1.4
Total 235,052 100%
Religion affiliation in Trafford
Religion 2021[45]
Number %
Christian 113,712 48.4
Muslim 20,549 8.7
Jewish 2,408 1.0
Hindu 4,656 2.0
Sikh 1,984 0.8
Buddhism 955 0.4
Other religion 920 0.4
No religion 77,864 33.1
Religion not stated 12,007 5.1
Total 235,052 100.0

At the2001 UK census,the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford had a total population of 210,145.[46] Of the 89,313 households in the borough, 36.5% were married couples living together, 31.6% were one-person households, 7.8% wereco-habitingcouples and 9.7% were lone parents, following a similar trend to the rest of England.[47]

The population density was 1,982/km2(5,130/sq mi)[48]and for every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. Of those aged 16–74 in Trafford, 24.7% had noacademic qualifications,significantly lower than the 28.9% in all of England.[46]8.2% of Trafford's residents were born outside the United Kingdom, lower than the English average of 9.2%.[49]The largest minority group was Asian, at 4.0% of the population.[50]

In 1841, 12% of Trafford's population wasmiddle classcompared to 14% in England and Wales; this increased to 21% in 1931 (15% nationally) and 55% in 2001 (48% nationally). From 1841 to 1951, theworking classpopulation of Trafford and across the country was in decline, falling steadily from 43% to 18% (36% to 29% nationally). It has since increased slightly, up to 27% (26% nationwide). The rest of the population was made up of clerical workers and skilled manual workers.[51]In the 2008–2009 financial year, the crime rates in Trafford for violence against a person and sexual offences were below the national averages. However, the rate of robberies and burglaries were above the national average.[52]

Population change

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The table below details the population change since 1801. Although Trafford was formed as a Metropolitan Borough in 1974, figures have been generated by combining data from the towns, villages, andcivil parishesthat would later be constituent parts of Trafford. The greatest percentage change in the population occurred between 1851 and 1871, and was a result of the construction of theManchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railwayin 1849.[14]The decrease in Trafford's population between 1971 and 2001 mirrors the trend forGreater Manchester,although on a smaller scale; this has been accounted for by the decline of Greater Manchester's industries, particularly those inManchesterandSalfordbut including those in Trafford, and residents leaving to seek new jobs.[53]

Population in Trafford since 1801
Year 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1881 1891 1911 1921 1931 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population 10,337 11,798 13,409 14,562 16,629 19,286 23,506 64,363 77,535 116,538 125,891 153,731 201,784 224,938 225,939 222,124 214,618 210,134 226,578
Source:A Vision of Britain through Time

Economy

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Aerial view of theTrafford Centre

Historically, the economy of the Trafford dominated by agriculture. This continued to some extent even during theIndustrial Revolution,as the textile industry in Trafford did not develop as quickly or to the same extent as it did in the rest ofGreater Manchester.[54]There are only two known 18th-century mill sites in Trafford, compared with 69 known inTamesideand 51 inManchester.[54]After reaching a high of 43% in 1812, employment in the textile industry in Trafford declined to 12% according to the 1851 census.[54]The textile industry in Trafford could not compete with that in places such asManchester,Oldham,andAshton-under-Lyne,partly because of a reluctance to invest in industry on the part of the two main land owners in the area: theStamfordsand thede Traffords.[54]

Trafford Parkwas founded in 1897, and at its peak in 1945 employed 75,000 people.[55]As well as being the world's first plannedindustrial estate,[56]it is Europe's largest business park. More than 1,400 companies are within the park, employing between 40,000 and 50,000 people.[16][17][56]TheTrafford Centre,which opened on 10 September 1998,[57]isNorth West England's largest indoor shopping complex. The centre has over 30 million visitors annually,[58]and contains 235 stores, 55 restaurants, and the largestOdeoncinema in the UK.[59]

Trafford compared
2001 UK Census Trafford[60] Greater Manchester[61] England
Population of working age 151,445 1,805,315 35,532,091
Full-time employment 43.4% 40.3% 40.8%
Part-time employment 11.9% 11.3% 11.8%
Self-employed 8.0% 6.7% 8.3%
Unemployed 2.7% 3.5% 3.3%
Retired 13.9% 13.0% 13.5%

Trafford is a prosperous area, with an average weekly income of £394, and apart from Manchester it is the only borough inGreater Manchesterto be above the national average for weekly income and is on average the highest in the county. Media, advertising and public relations have been identified as growth industries in Greater Manchester and are concentrated inManchesterand Trafford.[62]Average house prices in Trafford are the highest out of all the metropolitan boroughs in Greater Manchester, 45% higher than the average for the county.[63]

At the 2001 UK census, Trafford had 151,445 residents aged 16 to 74. 2.5% of these people were students with jobs, 5.7% looking after home or family, 5.4% permanently sick or disabled and 2.8% economically inactive for other reasons. Trafford has a low rate of unemployment (2.7%) compared with Greater Manchester (3.6%) and England as a whole (3.3%).[60]Trafford has the lowest number of unemployment benefit claimants compared to all the other boroughs in Greater Manchester (3.7%).[64]

In 2001, of 99,146 residents of Trafford in employment, the industry of employment was 17.1% property and business services, 16.5% retail and wholesale, 12.3% manufacturing, 11.9% health and social work, 8.2% education, 8.0% transport and communications, 5.9% construction, 5.5% finance, 4.5% public administration and defence, 4.0% hotels and restaurants, 0.8% energy and water supply, 0.6% agriculture, and 4.6% other. This was roughly in line with national figures, except for the proportion of jobs in agriculture which is less than half the national average, reflecting Trafford's suburban nature and its proximity to the centre of Manchester.[65]

A study commissioned byExperianrated Trafford as the strongest and most resilient borough inNorth West Englandto dealing with sudden changes in the economy. Trafford's low reliance on vulnerable businesses in the current recession and its high proportion of multinational companies were two factors which give the borough its high ranking.[66]

Culture

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Landmarks

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See also:List of Scheduled Monuments in Greater Manchester,Grade I listed buildings in Greater Manchester,Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester,andList of public art in Greater Manchester
TheChurch of All Saints,Urmston,is a Grade I listed building.

As of March 2007, Trafford has 6 Grade I, 11 Grade II*, and 228 Grade II listed buildings. Trafford has the equal second highest number of Grade I listed buildings out of the districts ofGreater ManchesterbehindManchester.[67][68]Most of Trafford's Grade I listed buildings are in the south of the borough: the oldChurch of St. Werburghin Warburton;Dunham Massey Hallitself, and the stables and carriage house belonging to the hall;Royd Housein Hale; and theChurch of All Saintsin Urmston in the north of the borough.[68]Trafford has three of Greater Manchester's 21Sites of Special Scientific Interest.Brookheys Covertis a semi-natural wood consisting mainly of ash, birch, and rowan, with a wetland habitat covering 5.8 acres (2.3 ha) inDunham Massey.[69]Cotteril Cloughis an area of woodland that is among the most diverse in Greater Manchester.[70]Dunham Parkis an area of "pasture-woodland or park-woodland" and has been since the Middle Ages, including many oak trees that date back to the 17th century, and covers 192.7 acres (78.0 ha).[71]Also in Trafford are many parks and open spaces; there are 21.2 square miles (55 km2) ofgreenspace,51.8% of the total area covered by the borough.[22]Tourist attractions in Trafford includeOld Trafford football groundandOld Trafford Cricket Ground.

Chill Factoreis anindoor ski slopein Trafford Park. It features the UK's longest and widest real snow indoor slope,100 metres (110 yd)wide and180 metres (200 yd)long.[72]

TheImperial War Museum NorthinTrafford Park

Dunham Massey Hall and Parkis an 18th-century hall[73]with a 250-acre (1.0 km2) deer park, both now owned by theNational Trustand previously owned by theEarls of Stamford.The hall is earlyGeorgianin style. The hall and grounds are open to the public and are a popular tourist attraction, with nearly 200,000 visitors in 2010.[74][75]

Imperial War Museum Northis a war museum in Trafford Park and was opened in 2002. The museum won the 2003British Construction Industry Building Award,and the title of Large Visitor Attraction of the Year at the 2006 Manchester Tourism Awards.[76]

Sale Water Parkis a 152-acre (62 ha) area of countryside and parkland including a 52-acre (21 ha) artificial lake created when theM60 motorwaywas built.[77]The water park is the site of theBroad Ees Dolewildlife refuge, aLocal Nature Reservethat provides a home for migratory birds.[78]

Timperley Old Hallis a medieval moated site in Timperley near Altrincham Municipal Golf Course. Excavation on the site over a period of 18 years has shown Timperley to be inhabited since theBronze Age.A grant from theHeritage Lottery Fundhas been made to develop the site into a community project.[11]

Trafford has two medieval castles.Dunham Castleis an early medieval castle in Dunham Massey. It belonged to Hamon de Massey, and was probably still standing in the early 14th century. Thebaileywas landscaped into the grounds of Dunham Massey Hall and its moat turned into an ornamental pond.[79]Watch Hill Castleis an early medievalmotte-and-baileycastle on the border of Dunham Massey and Bowdon. It is listed as aScheduled Ancient Monument.The motte and surrounding ditch still survives, although it had fallen out of use by the 13th century.[80]

Sport

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The East Stand ofOld Trafford football ground

Trafford is the home of several major sports teams, includingManchester United Football ClubandLancashire County Cricket Club(LCCC). Manchester United began as Newton Heath L&YR F.C. in 1878.[81]The team plays atOld Traffordfootball ground, which is sometimes used as a stadium for major football matches like the2003 UEFA Champions League final.Manchester United have won theFA Cup13 times and been thePremier Leaguechampions 13 times (since the league was formed 31 seasons ago) and wereFootball Leaguechampions seven times in the years prior to that. The club last won the Premier League in2013.[82]LCCC started as theManchester Cricket Club,[83]and represents thehistoric countyofLancashire.The club contested the original 1890County Championship.[84]Old Trafford Cricket Ground– Lancashire's home ground – stages international matches, includingTest matchesandOne Day Internationals.[85]The team has won the county championship eight times outright (with one shared) and were the county championsin 2011– the county's first outright triumph since 1934, but were then relegated to the second divisionin 2012.

From 2006 until 2015, the borough was home to theManchester Phoenix,who played their home games at theAltrincham Ice Dome,and were active in both theElite Ice Hockey Leagueand theEnglish Premier Ice Hockey League.The club was formed in 2003 as the successor toManchester Storm,and folded in early 2017 after playing home fixtures during 2015–2016 in Deeside[86]and Blackpool.[87]They were one of the founder members of theElite Ice Hockey League.[88][89]In2008–09they finished sixth in theElite Ice Hockey League.TheTrafford Metroswere the Phoenix's junior side and are also based at the Altrincham Ice Dome.[90]The Phoenix were replaced by a new team bearing theManchester Stormname, who took a spot in theElite Ice Hockey Leaguefor the 2015–2016 season[91]

Rugby UnionsideSale Sharkswere formerly based in Trafford. They now play at theSalford Community StadiuminSalford,although their former home ground atHeywood Roadin Sale is still used for training.[92]Sale Sharks won theGuinness Premiershipin 2006; in2008–09they finished fifth.

As well as being home to several clubs in the top echelon of their sports, Trafford plays host to smaller clubs, includingAltrincham F.C.,Flixton F.C.,andTrafford F.C.Both Flixton F.C. and Trafford F.C. play in theNorth West Counties Football League Division One.Flixton F.C. was formed in 1960 and earned promotion to NWCFL Division One at the end of the 2006–07 season. Trafford F.C. was formed in 1990 and finished fifth in the 2006–07 season.[93]Altrincham F.C. was founded in 1903 and plays in theFootball Conference.

Within Trafford their two clubs that enter teams in both theMen'sandWomen's England Hockey Leagues–Brooklands,based inSale[94]andBowdon.[95]

In 2017,Trafford Pétanquebecame Trafford's first ever officially registeredPétanqueclub. Trafford Pétanque currently plays within the Northern Region ofPétanque England.

Education

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See also:List of schools in Trafford

There are 73 primary schools in Trafford, 17 secondary andgrammar schools,and 6 special schools.[96]Trafford maintains a selective education system, with grammar schools, assessed by the11-plusexam.Trafford College,a £29M "super college" in Stretford, is the only college of further education in Trafford. It was officially opened in 2008, following a merger between South Trafford College and North Trafford College.[97]Overall, Trafford was ranked 2nd out of all of thelocal education authoritiesinNational Curriculum assessmentperformance in 2014. Indeed, in 2014 Trafford was the first in the United Kingdom for Key Stage 2 results, with 87% of Year 6 pupils achieving the expected standard of Level 4 or above in Reading, Writing and Arithmetic. Also in 2014 2nd for both GCSE and A-Level results, with 72.2% of Year 11 pupils achieving the expected standard or above of 5 GCSEs including English and Maths. For A-Level results 25% of students gained 3 A-Levels at grades A*-A, which is twice the national average, whilst 33% gained 3 A-levels at grades A*-B.

Trafford has 7 Grammar schools and all 7 are in the top 10 best performing state schools in Greater Manchester.

Religion

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See also:List of churches in Greater Manchester
Religion in Trafford
2001 UK Census[46] Trafford North West England England
Population 210,145 6,729,764 49,138,831
Christian 75.8% 78.0% 71.7%
Muslim 3.3% 3.0% 3.1%
Jewish 1.1% 0.4% 0.5%
No religion 12.0% 10.5% 14.6%

At the 2001 UK census, 75.8% of Trafford's residents reported themselves as being Christian, 3.3% Muslim, 1.1% Jewish, 0.6% Hindu, 0.2% Buddhist and 0.5% Sikh. The census recorded 12.0% as having no religion, 0.2% had an alternative religion and 6.4% did not state their religion.[46]Trafford is covered by the Catholic Dioceses ofShrewsburyandSalford,[98][99]and the Church of England Dioceses ofManchesterandChester.[100][101]

There are two Grade Ilistedchurches in Trafford:St. Werburgh's Church,in Warburton, is atimber framedchurch and dates back to at least the 14th century;[102]All Saints' Church,in Urmston, was constructed in 1868 byE. W. Pugin,and is considered to be one of his best works.[103]Of the 11 Grade II* listed buildings in Trafford, seven are churches: Hale Chapel in Hale; the Church of St John the Divine in Sale;Church of St Mary the Virginin Bowdon; St. Martin's Church in Sale; St. Michael's Church in Flixton; St. Margaret's Church in Altrincham; St. George's Church in Carrington.[68]

In 2007, theChurch of Scientologybought the Old Trafford Essence Distillery on Chester Road for a reported £3.6M. The Church stated that it had plans to turn the 51,000-square-foot (4,700 m2)Victorianbuilding into a place of worship and religious instruction. The original plans were rejected by Trafford Council, but the Church stated its intention to revise the proposals and resubmit.[104]

Transport

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Sale tram stop

Manchester Metrolinkruns north–south through Trafford, with its southern terminus in Altrincham. Trams run on two routes: Altrincham to Piccadilly and Altrincham to Bury. It servesCornbrook,Trafford Bar,Old Trafford,Stretford,Dane Road,Sale,Brooklands,Timperley,Navigation RoadandAltrincham.The line opened in 1992 and replaced theManchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway.[105]

The other railway in Trafford is the Liverpool – Manchester via Warrington Central line, built by theCheshire Lines Committee.The20-acre (8 ha)Trafford Park Euroterminal rail freight terminal was opened in 1993. It cost £11 million and has the capacity to deal with 100,000 containers a year.[106]

The council is responsible for the maintenance of Trafford's public roads and pavements.[107][108]Part of theM60orbital motorway passes through Trafford, from junctions 6–10 inclusive.

A range of bus services provide connections between various towns in the borough and links to the city centre, and other urban areas of Greater Manchester and Cheshire. Operators includeStagecoach Manchester,Arriva North West,First Greater Manchesterand some smaller operators, who generally run services under contract toTransport for Greater Manchester.Trafford Cycle Forum was established to promote cycling in Trafford;[109]the group actively campaigns to raise money for cycling in the borough.[110]

Freedom of the Borough

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Sir Alex Fergusonand207 (Manchester) Field Hospital,2nd Medical Brigade,Royal Army Medical Corps(Army Reserve) received theFreedom of the Boroughof Trafford on 14 October 2013[111]and 21 June 2011,[112]respectively.[113]

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