Troup County(pronounced/truːp/TROOP) is acountyin theWest Centralregion of theU.S. stateofGeorgia.As of the2020 census,the population was 69,426.[1][2]Thecounty seatisLaGrange.[3]Troup County comprises the LaGrangemicropolitan statistical areaalong withChambers County, AL.It is included in theAtlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs combined statistical area.
Troup County | |
|---|---|
 Troup County Courthouse and Government Center in LaGrange, April 2012. | |
 Seal  Logo | |
 Location within the U.S. state ofGeorgia | |
 Georgia's location within theU.S. | |
| Coordinates:33°02′N85°02′W/ 33.03°N 85.03°W | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Georgia |
| Founded | June 9, 1826 |
| Named for | George Troup |
| Seat | LaGrange |
| Largest city | LaGrange |
| Area | |
• Total | 446 sq mi (1,160 km2) |
| • Land | 414 sq mi (1,070 km2) |
| • Water | 32 sq mi (80 km2) 7.2% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 69,426 |
• Estimate (2023) | 70,742 |
| • Density | 160/sq mi (60/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5(Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4(EDT) |
| Congressional district | 3rd |
| Website | troupcountyga.org |
| [1] | |
History
editFor thousands of years, this area of what is now defined as west central Georgia was occupied by cultures of indigenous peoples. In the historic period, it was part of a large area controlled by theMuscogee,also known as theCreek people.
The land forLee,Muscogee,Troup,Coweta,andCarrollcounties wascededby the Creek to the United States in the 1825Treaty of Indian Springs.The counties' boundaries were created by theGeorgia General Assemblyon June 9, 1826, but the counties themselves were not named until December 14, 1826.
The county is named forGeorge Troup,[4]thirty-fourthgovernor of Georgia,U.S. representative,andsenator.
As with much of the Piedmont, this area was developed in the antebellum era for cotton cultivation after short-staple cotton was made profitable by invention of the cotton gin. By 1860 Troup County was the fourth-wealthiest in Georgia and fifth-largest slaveholding county in the state.[5]
According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Troup County population included 6,223 whites, 37 "free colored" and 10,002 slaves. By the 1870 census, the white population had increased about 3% to 6,408, while the "colored" population had increased about 12% to 11,224.[6]
During the post-Reconstruction period, violence and the number oflynchingsof blacks increased in the late 19th century, as whites exercised terrorism to re-establish and maintainwhite supremacy.Whiteslynchedthree African Americans in Troup County in this period, most were killed around the turn of the 20th century. Such deaths occurred through the post-World War II period.[7]A fourth man from Troup County was lynched in neighboring Harris County.[8]
In the late 19th century, entrepreneurs in LaGrange built the first cotton mill, and others were rapidly established in this area. Initially they employed only white workers.
20th century to present
editDuring the first half of the 20th century, thousands of blacks left Georgia and other southern states in what is known as theGreat Migration.They were seeking work as mechanization reduced the number of farm jobs, and they were seeking more opportunities than in theJim CrowSouth, where they weredisenfranchisedand socially oppressed.
On September 8, 1940, 16-year-old Austin Callaway, a black youth, was arrested in LaGrange as a suspect in an attack on a white woman. The next night a small, armed group of white men took him from the county jail, driving him out to the nearby countryside, where theylynchedhim: shooting him several times and leaving him for dead. In 2017 a man who was a child at the time revealed that his white family found and took Callaway to the hospital, where he died the next day. They had kept their role secret out of fear of theKKK.[9]Callaway was noted by the local paper as dying from gunshot wounds; theNew York Timesat the time described it as a lynching.[10]As was typical in these cases, no one was prosecuted for the murder. In response, that fall African Americans organized the firstNAACPchapter in Troup County at Warren Temple Methodist Church in LaGrange. It has worked on a variety of civil rights issues, including voting rights, equal justice, access, and human services.[8]
In 1947, prosperous farmer Henry "Peg" Gilbert, a married African-American father who owned and farmed 100 acres in the county, was arrested and charged with harboring a fugitive by officials from neighboringHarris County, Georgia,in the case of Gus Davidson. Also African American, the latter man was charged in the shooting death of a white farmer. Four days later Gilbert was dead, shot while held in jail by the Harris County Sheriff, in what he said was self-defense. In 2016 theCivil Rights and Restorative Justice ProjectofNortheastern Universityreported on thisdeath in custody.They found that Gilbert had been beaten severely before his death, and shot five times. They asserted he had been detained and killed because of his success as a farmer.[11][12]
By 1960, the county was recorded in the US Census as having 31,418 whites and 15,760 "Negroes" (now classified as black or African Americans). Following passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965,blacks gradually regained the ability to vote and take part in the political process.
Textile manufacturing was a major part of the economy until the late 20th century, when textile manufacturing moved offshore to areas with cheaper labor. The county has acquired other industry, notably auto parts manufacturers who support the nearbyKia Motorsplant. Also in the area areWest Point LakeandCallaway Gardens,which attract tourists and visitors as top recreation destinations in the state.[9]
As of 2015, the official historian of Troup County is writer Forrest Clark Johnson, III, who has published several books on the county and region's history. He is a retired teacher in the county's school system.
On January 25, 2017, Mayor Jim Thornton and Police Chief Louis M. Dekmar, of the county seat of LaGrange, publicly apologized to more than 200 people gathered for a reconciliation service at Warren Temple United Methodist Church for the police's failure decades before to protect Callaway, saying:
"I sincerely regret and denounce the role our Police Department played in Austin's lynching, both through our action and our inaction," Chief Dekmar told a crowd at a traditionally African-American church. "And for that, I'm profoundly sorry. It should never have happened."[10]
Residents organized Troup Together, a grassroots group to acknowledge lynchings, commemorate the victims, and work on racial reconciliation. On March 18, 2017, black and white residents of the county gathered to dedicate a historic marker at Warren Temple Church "memorializing Callaway's lynching and three others documented in the area: Willis Hodnett in 1884; Samuel Owensby in 1913 and Henry Gilbert, a Troup County resident who was lynched in neighboringHarris Countyin 1947. "[9]Another ceremony was held at Southview Cemetery in LaGrange, where these names were read.[8]
On April 7, 2017, Troup County's computer systems were the victim of a ransomware attack; it caused all county computer systems to be inaccessible. This included the sheriff's office and district attorney's office.[13]After 5 days, the county was still working to get 400 computer systems back online.[14]
Geography
edit
According to theU.S. Census Bureau,the county has a total area of 446 square miles (1,160 km2), of which 414 square miles (1,070 km2) is land and 32 square miles (83 km2) (7.2%) is water.[15]The county is located in thePiedmontregion of the state.
The entirety of Troup County is located in the MiddleChattahoochee River-Lake Hardingsub-basin of theACF River Basin(Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin).[16]
Major highways
edit
Interstate 85
Interstate 185
U.S. Route 27
U.S. Route 29
State Route 1
State Route 14
State Route 14 Connector
State Route 14 Spur
State Route 18
State Route 54
State Route 100
State Route 103
State Route 109
State Route 219
State Route 403(unsigned designation for I-85)
State Route 411(unsigned designation for I-185)
Adjacent counties
edit- Coweta County(northeast)
- Meriwether County(east)
- Harris County(south)
- Chambers County,Alabama(southwest/CST Border except forLanettandValleyas they are part of the Columbus Metropolitan Area)
- Randolph County,Alabama(northwest/CST Border)
- Heard County(north)
Communities
editCities
edit- Hogansville
- LaGrange(county seat)
- West Point
Unincorporated communities
edit- Abbottsford
- Harrisonville
- Long Cane
- Mountville
Demographics
edit| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1830 | 5,799 | — | |
| 1840 | 15,733 | 171.3% | |
| 1850 | 16,879 | 7.3% | |
| 1860 | 16,262 | −3.7% | |
| 1870 | 17,632 | 8.4% | |
| 1880 | 20,565 | 16.6% | |
| 1890 | 20,723 | 0.8% | |
| 1900 | 24,002 | 15.8% | |
| 1910 | 26,228 | 9.3% | |
| 1920 | 36,097 | 37.6% | |
| 1930 | 36,752 | 1.8% | |
| 1940 | 43,879 | 19.4% | |
| 1950 | 49,841 | 13.6% | |
| 1960 | 47,189 | −5.3% | |
| 1970 | 44,466 | −5.8% | |
| 1980 | 50,003 | 12.5% | |
| 1990 | 55,536 | 11.1% | |
| 2000 | 58,779 | 5.8% | |
| 2010 | 67,044 | 14.1% | |
| 2020 | 69,426 | 3.6% | |
| 2023 (est.) | 70,742 | [17] | 1.9% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[18] 1790-1880[19]1890-1910[20] 1920-1930[21]1930-1940[22] 1940-1950[23]1960-1980[24] 1980-2000[25]2010[2][1] | |||
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
|---|---|---|
| White(non-Hispanic) | 38,099 | 54.88% |
| Black or African American(non-Hispanic) | 24,157 | 34.8% |
| Native American | 127 | 0.18% |
| Asian | 1,608 | 2.32% |
| Pacific Islander | 36 | 0.05% |
| Other/Mixed | 2,443 | 3.52% |
| HispanicorLatino | 2,956 | 4.26% |
As of the2020 United States census,there were 69,426 people, 24,436 households, and 15,354 families residing in the county.
Government
editThe government of Troup County is based on an elected county commission, or council. The chairman is elected county-wide, orat-large,and four commissioners are each elected fromsingle-member districts.[27]District 5 includes much of the territory of LaGrange, the county seat and most densely settled community in the county.
Politics
edit| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2024 | 19,392 | 61.95% | 11,757 | 37.56% | 155 | 0.50% |
| 2020 | 18,142 | 60.36% | 11,577 | 38.52% | 338 | 1.12% |
| 2016 | 15,750 | 60.32% | 9,713 | 37.20% | 648 | 2.48% |
| 2012 | 15,179 | 58.30% | 10,547 | 40.51% | 309 | 1.19% |
| 2008 | 15,391 | 59.04% | 10,455 | 40.11% | 222 | 0.85% |
| 2004 | 14,183 | 64.65% | 7,630 | 34.78% | 126 | 0.57% |
| 2000 | 11,198 | 62.90% | 6,379 | 35.83% | 227 | 1.27% |
| 1996 | 8,716 | 55.06% | 5,940 | 37.52% | 1,175 | 7.42% |
| 1992 | 8,118 | 47.64% | 6,412 | 37.63% | 2,509 | 14.73% |
| 1988 | 9,484 | 67.31% | 4,562 | 32.38% | 43 | 0.31% |
| 1984 | 9,340 | 63.92% | 5,272 | 36.08% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1980 | 5,398 | 40.20% | 7,716 | 57.46% | 315 | 2.35% |
| 1976 | 4,422 | 36.48% | 7,699 | 63.52% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1972 | 8,350 | 80.24% | 2,056 | 19.76% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1968 | 3,239 | 26.19% | 2,896 | 23.42% | 6,232 | 50.39% |
| 1964 | 5,277 | 46.66% | 6,032 | 53.34% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 2,808 | 32.83% | 5,745 | 67.17% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 2,214 | 26.43% | 6,162 | 73.57% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 1,887 | 20.93% | 7,130 | 79.07% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 536 | 10.37% | 3,896 | 75.37% | 737 | 14.26% |
| 1944 | 342 | 9.57% | 3,233 | 90.43% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 288 | 8.28% | 3,176 | 91.34% | 13 | 0.37% |
| 1936 | 167 | 5.76% | 2,728 | 94.13% | 3 | 0.10% |
| 1932 | 81 | 3.30% | 2,371 | 96.62% | 2 | 0.08% |
| 1928 | 967 | 38.31% | 1,557 | 61.69% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 165 | 9.80% | 1,422 | 84.44% | 97 | 5.76% |
| 1920 | 342 | 19.07% | 1,451 | 80.93% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1916 | 38 | 2.52% | 1,227 | 81.53% | 240 | 15.95% |
| 1912 | 25 | 1.63% | 1,434 | 93.30% | 78 | 5.07% |
See also
edit
References
edit- ^abcUS Census Bureau, 2020 Report, Troup County, Georgia
- ^ab"State & County QuickFacts".United States Census Bureau. Archived fromthe originalon February 20, 2016.RetrievedJune 26,2014.
- ^"Find a County".National Association of Counties.RetrievedJune 7,2011.
- ^"TROUP, George Michael - Biographical Information".bioguide.congress.gov.RetrievedMarch 22,2018.
- ^Johnson, Forrest Clark."La Grange".New Georgia Encyclopedia.Georgia Humanities Council and University of Georgia Press.RetrievedJuly 6,2016.
- ^Tom Blake, "TROUP COUNTY, GEORGIA: LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES and SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS"ArchivedJuly 24, 2017, at theWayback Machine,transcribed 2002, rootsweb
- ^Lynching in America/ Supplement: Lynchings by County[permanent dead link],3rd Edition, 2015, p. 4
- ^abc"What Happened at Warren Temple?",Troup Together blog and website; accessed March 26, 2018
- ^abcBrad Schrade, "Family reveals 76-year-old secret in Georgia lynching",Atlanta Journal-Constitution,March 16, 2017; accessed March 26, 2018
- ^ab"Nearly 8 Decades Later, an Apology for a Lynching in Georgia",New York Times,27 January 2017; accessed 27 January 2017
- ^CRRJ Provides First Full Account of Notorious 1947 Georgia Jailhouse Killing,Civil Rights Restorative Justice Project, August 22, 2016,retrievedAugust 25,2016
- ^Dunn, Tara; Kong, Ariel Goeun Lee (2016).Henry Gilbert.Northeastern University School of Law(Report). Boston, MA: Civil Rights Restorative Justice Project. Archived fromthe originalon August 26, 2016.RetrievedAugust 25,2016.
- ^"County computer system allegedly hacked | LaGrange Daily News".lagrangenews.RetrievedMarch 22,2018.
- ^Singleton, Mikhaela (April 12, 2017)."Troup County says hackers demanded ransom in server breach".WRBL.RetrievedMarch 22,2018.
- ^"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990".United States Census Bureau.February 12, 2011.RetrievedApril 23,2011.
- ^"Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Interactive Mapping Experience".Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission.RetrievedNovember 20,2015.
- ^"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023".United States Census Bureau.RetrievedMarch 31,2024.
- ^"Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades".United States Census Bureau.
- ^"1880 Census Population by Counties 1790-1800"(PDF).United States Census Bureau. 1880.
- ^"1910 Census of Population - Georgia"(PDF).United States Census Bureau. 1910.
- ^"1930 Census of Population - Georgia"(PDF).United States Census Bureau. 1930.
- ^"1940 Census of Population - Georgia"(PDF).United States Census Bureau. 1940.
- ^"1950 Census of Population - Georgia -"(PDF).United States Census Bureau. 1950.
- ^"1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Georgia"(PDF).United States Census Bureau. 1980.
- ^"2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - Georgia"(PDF).United States Census Bureau. 2000.
- ^"Explore Census Data".data.census.gov.RetrievedDecember 14,2021.
- ^"Board of Commissioners"ArchivedFebruary 2, 2017, at theWayback Machine,Troop County, GA government
- ^Leip, David."Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".uselectionatlas.org.RetrievedMarch 22,2018.