The2012 UEFA European Football Championship,commonly referred to asUEFA Euro 2012or simplyEuro 2012,was the 14thEuropean Championshipformen's national football teamsorganised byUEFA.The final tournament, held between 8 June and 1 July 2012, was co-hosted byPolandandUkraine(both first time hosts), and was won bySpain,who beatItalyin the finalat theOlympic Stadium,Kyiv,Ukraine.[1]
| Mistrzostwa Europy w Piłce Nożnej 2012 (in Polish) Чемпіонат Європи з футболу 2012 (in Ukrainian) | |
|---|---|
 Wspólne Tworzenie Historii Творимо історію разом (Creating History Together) | |
| Tournament details | |
| Host countries | Poland Ukraine |
| Dates | 8 June – 1 July |
| Teams | 16 |
| Venue(s) | 8 (in 8 host cities) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions |  Spain(3rd title) |
| Runners-up |  Italy |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 31 |
| Goals scored | 76 (2.45 per match) |
| Attendance | 1,440,896 (46,481 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) |  Mario Mandžukić Mario GómezMario Balotelli Cristiano Ronaldo Alan DzagoevFernando Torres(3 goals each) |
| Best player(s) | Andrés Iniesta |
←2008 2016→ | |
Poland and Ukraine's bid was chosen by the UEFA Executive Committee on 18 April 2007.[2]The two host teams qualified automatically while the remaining 14 finalists were decided through aqualifying competition,featuring 51 teams, from August 2010 to November 2011. This was the last European Championship to employ the 16-team finals format in use since1996;fromEuro 2016onward, it was expanded to 24 finalists.
Euro 2012 was played at eight venues, four in each host country. Five new stadiums were built for the tournament, and the hosts invested heavily in improving infrastructure such as railways and roads at UEFA's request. Euro 2012 set attendance records for the 16-team format, for the highest aggregate attendance (1,440,896) and average per game (46,481).
Spain became the first and to date only team to win two consecutive European Championships, and also three straight major tournaments (Euro 2008,2010 World Cupand Euro 2012).[3]Spain had already gained entry to the2013 Confederations Cupby winning the World Cup, so runners-upItalyqualified instead. As atEuro 2008in Austria and Switzerland, both 2012 host nations were eliminated in the group stage.
There were several players ending on a total of 3 goals but becauseFernando Torresmade an assist and played the fewest minutes of the players who scored three goals, he was named as the Golden Boot winner for the tournament.
Bid process
editThe hosting of the event was initially contested by five bids representing seven countries: Croatia–Hungary, Greece, Italy, Poland–Ukraine, and Turkey.[4]In November 2005, after an initial consideration of the bid data by UEFA, both the Greek and Turkish bids were eliminated from the process, to leave three candidates.[5]
In May 2006, this was followed by a second round of the selection process, which included visits by UEFA to all candidates.[6]The final decision was due to be announced on 8 December 2006 inNyon,but this was postponed to "give bidding associations more time for the fine-tuning of their bids".[7]On 18 April 2007, the Poland–Ukraine bid was chosen by a vote of the UEFA Executive Committee, at a meeting inCardiff.[2]It was the first time UEFA awarded the tournament organization to the formerEastern BlocsinceYugoslaviain1976.[8]
Poland–Ukraine became the third successful joint bid for the European Championship, after those of Belgium–Netherlands (2000) and Austria–Switzerland (2008). Their bid received anabsolute majorityof votes, and was therefore announced the winner, without requiring a second round. Italy, which received the remaining votes,[2]had been considered favourites to win the hosting, but incidents of fan violence anda match-fi xing scandalwere widely cited as factors behind their failure.[9][10][11]
There were some later alterations from the initial bid plan, regarding the venues, before UEFA confirmed the eight host cities in 2009.[12][13]During the preparation process in Poland and Ukraine,UEFA repeatedly expressed concern about their preparation to host the event,with different candidates reported as being alternative hosts if they did not improve;[14][15]however, in the end, UEFA affirmed their selection.[16]
Qualification
editThe draw for the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying competition took place in Warsaw on 7 February 2010.[17]Fifty-one teams entered to compete for the fourteen remaining places in the finals, alongside co-hostsPolandandUkraine.The teams were divided into nine groups, with the draw using thenew UEFA national team coefficientfor the first time in order to determine the seedings. As defending champions,Spainwas automatically top-seeded. The qualifying process began in August 2010 and concluded in November 2011. At the conclusion of the qualifying group stage in October 2011, the nine group winners qualified automatically, along with the highest ranked second placed team. The remaining eight second-placed teams contested two-legged play-offs, and the four winners qualified for the finals.[18]
Twelve of the sixteen finalists participated atthe previous tournament in 2008.EnglandandDenmarkmade their return to the Euro after missing out on 2008, whileRepublic of Irelandreturned after a twenty-four-year absence to make their second appearance at a European Championship. One of the co-hosts,Ukraine,made their debut as an independent nation (before 1992 Ukraine participated as part of theSoviet Union). With the exception ofSerbia– according to UEFA's ranking at the end of the qualifying stage – Europe's sixteen highest-ranked teams all qualified for the tournament.
RomaniaandTurkeywere the only teams failing to qualify for the final tournament after qualifying toUEFA Euro 2008.(AustriaandSwitzerlandalso failed to qualify, but, as hosts of theprevious tournament,they did not need to take part inqualifying.)
As of2024,this was the last time Greece qualified for the European Championship finals, and the last time Austria, Belgium, Hungary, Slovakia, Switzerland and Turkey failed to qualify.
Qualified teams
editThe following sixteen teams qualified for the finals:[19]
- ^Boldindicates champion for that year.Italicindicates host for that year.
- ^From 1972 to 1988,Germanycompeted asWest Germany.
- ^From 1960 to 1988,Russiacompeted as theSoviet Union,and in 1992 asCIS.
- ^From 1960 to 1980, theCzech Republiccompeted asCzechoslovakia.
Final draw
editThe draw for the final tournament took place on 2 December 2011 at theUkraine Palace of ArtsinKyiv,Ukraine.[20][21]The hour-long ceremony was hosted byOlha Freimutand Piotr Sobczyński, television presenters from the two host countries.
As was the case for the 2000, 2004 and 2008 finals, the sixteen finalists were divided into four seeding pots, using theUEFA national team coefficientranking.[22]The pot allocations were based on the UEFA national team coefficient rankings of the sixteen finalists at the end of the qualifying competition in November 2011.[23]Each nation's coefficient was generated by calculating:
- 40% of the average ranking points per game earned in theUEFA Euro 2012 qualifying stage.
- 40% of the average ranking points per game earned in the2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying stageandfinal tournament.
- 20% of the average ranking points per game earned in theUEFA Euro 2008 qualifying stageandfinal tournament.
Aside from the coefficient, three teams were automatically placed in Pot 1.UkraineandPolandwere both assigned to Pot 1 as the two host nations, despite the fact that their rankings were the two lowest in the tournament; this also occurred in2008when the co-hostsSwitzerlandandAustriawere also ranked below all other qualified teams. As defending champions,Spainwere also automatically assigned to Pot 1, though their UEFA ranking at the time of the draw was coincidentally also the best.
In the draw procedure, one team from each pot was drawn into each of the four groups. The draw also determined which place in the group teams in pots 2–4 would take (e.g. A2, A3 or A4) to create the match schedule. With Poland automatically assigned in advance to A1, and Ukraine to D1, Pot 1 only had two teams as Spain and the Netherlands were to be drawn into position one in either group B or C.[22][24]The balls were drawn by four former players who had each been part of European Championship winning teams:Horst Hrubesch,Marco van Basten,Peter SchmeichelandZinedine Zidane.[25]
|
|
|
|
- ^Co-hosts Poland (coefficient 23,806; rank 28th) and Ukraine (coefficient 28,029; rank 15th) belonged to Pot 1 irrespective of their ranking position. Ahead of the draw, they were removed as drawing options from Pot 1, and instead automatically assigned to Group position A1 and D1 respectively.
- ^Defending champions Spain (coefficient 43,116; rank 1st) were automatically assigned to Pot 1, and could be drawn into either Group position B1 or C1.
Teams were drawn consecutively into Group A to D. First, the Pot 1 teams were assigned to the first positions of their groups, while next the positions of all other teams were drawn separately from Pot 4 to 2 (for the purposes of determining the match schedules in each group).
The draw resulted in the following groups:
|
|
|
|
Venues
edit
Eight cities were selected by UEFA as host venues. In a return to the format used atEuro 1992,Euro 1996andEuro 2008,each of the four groups' matches were played in two stadiums. Host citiesWarsaw,Gdańsk,Wrocław,Poznań,Kyiv,andLvivare all popular tourist destinations, unlikeDonetskandKharkiv,the latter of which replacedDnipropetrovskas a host city in 2009.[26]
In order to meet UEFA's requirement for football infrastructure improvements, five new stadiums were built and opened in advance of the tournament. The remaining three stadiums (in Kyiv, Poznań and Kharkiv) underwent major renovations in order to meet UEFA's infrastructure standards.[27][28]Three of the stadiums are categorised asUEFA's highest category stadiums.The transport infrastructure inPolandandUkrainewas also extensively modified on the request of UEFA to cope with the large influx of football fans.[29]
UEFA organised fan zones in the eight host cities. They were located in the centre of each city, with all 31 matches shown live on a total of 24 giant screens. The zones enabled supporters to come together in a secure and controlled environment. The Warsaw Fan Zone occupied 120,000 square meters and accommodated 100,000 visitors. In all, the fans zones had a 20% increase in capacity compared to Euro 2008.[30]
A total of 31 matches were played during Euro 2012, with Ukraine hosting 16 of them and Poland 15.
 Poland
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Warsaw | Wrocław | Gdańsk | Poznań |
| National Stadium | Wrocław Stadium | Gdańsk Stadium | Poznań Stadium |
| Capacity:58,580 | Capacity:45,105 | Capacity:43,615 | Capacity:43,269 |
|
|
|
|
Location of Poland's host cities at UEFA Euro 2012. |
Location of Ukraine's host cities at UEFA Euro 2012. | ||
 Ukraine
| |||
| Kyiv | Donetsk | Kharkiv | Lviv |
| Olympic Stadium | Donbas Arena | Metalist Stadium | Arena Lviv |
| Capacity:70,050 | Capacity:51,504 | Capacity:40,003 | Capacity:34,915 |
|
|
|
|
Ticketing
editTickets for the venues were sold directly by UEFA via its website, or distributed by the football associations of the 16 finalists. Applications had to be made during March 2011 for the 1.4 million tickets available for the 31 tournament matches.[31]Over 20,000 were forecast to cross the Poland–Ukraine border each day during the tournament.[32]Over 12 million applications were received, which represented a 17% increase on the 2008 finals, and an all-time record for the UEFA European Championship.[33]Owing to this over-subscription for the matches, lotteries were carried out to allocate tickets. Prices varied from €30 (£25) (for a seat behind the goals at a group match) to €600 (£513) (for a seat in the main stand at the final). In addition to individual match tickets, fans could buy packages to see either all matches played by one team, or all matches at one specific venue.[34]
Team base camps
editEach team had a "team base camp" for its stay between the matches. From an initial list of thirty-eight potential locations (twenty-one in Poland, seventeen in Ukraine),[35]the national associations chose their locations in 2011. The teams trained and resided in these locations throughout the tournament, travelling to games staged away from their bases.[36]Thirteen teams stayed in Poland and three in Ukraine.[36]
| Team | Base camp |
|---|---|
| Croatia | Warka |
| Czech Republic | Wrocław |
| Denmark | Kołobrzeg |
| England | Kraków |
| France | Donetsk |
| Germany | Gdańsk |
| Greece | Jachranka |
| Italy | Kraków |
| Netherlands | Kraków |
| Poland | Warsaw |
| Portugal | Opalenica |
| Republic of Ireland | Sopot |
| Russia | Warsaw |
| Spain | Gniewino |
| Sweden | Kyiv |
| Ukraine | Kyiv |
Match ball
edit
The Adidas Tango 12 was the official match ball of UEFA Euro 2012.[37]The ball is named after the originalAdidas Tangofamily of footballs; however, the Tango 12 and its variations have a completely new design. Variations of the ball have been used in other contemporary competitions including theAfrica Cup of Nationsand theSummer Olympics.It is designed to be easier to dribble and control than the reportedly unpredictableAdidas Jabulaniused at the2010 FIFA World Cup.[38]
Squads
editEach national team had to submit a squad of 23 players, three of whom must be goalkeepers, at least ten days before the opening match of the tournament. If a player became injured or ill severely enough to prevent his participation in the tournament before his team's first match, he would be replaced by another player.[39]
Match officials
editOn 20 December 2011, UEFA named twelverefereesand fourfourth officialsfor Euro 2012.[40]On 27 March 2012, UEFA issued the full list of 80 referees to be used in Euro 2012, including the assistant referees, the additional assistant referees, and the four reserve assistant referees.[41]Each refereeing team consisted of five match officials from the same country: one main referee, twoassistant referees,and twoadditional assistant referees.All of the main referees, additional assistant referees, and fourth officials were FIFA referees, and the assistant referees (including the four reserve assistant referees) were FIFA assistant referees.[42][43]For each refereeing team, a third assistant referee from each country was named to remain on standby until the start of the tournament to take the place of a colleague if required.[43]In two cases, for the French and Slovenian refereeing teams, the standby assistant referees took the place of one of the assistant referees before the start of the tournament. Continuing the experiments carried out in theUEFA Champions LeagueandUEFA Europa League,the two additional assistant referees were used on the goal line for the first time in European Championship history with approval from theInternational Football Association Board.[40]
Four match officials, who served only as fourth officials, and four reserve assistant referees were also named:[40][41]
|
|
Group stage
edit
Winner Runner-up | Semi-finals Quarter-finals | Group stage |
UEFA announced the schedule for the 31 matches of the final tournament in October 2010,[44]with the final confirmation of kick-offs times being affirmed following the tournament draw in December 2011.[45]
The teams finishing in the top two positions in each of the four groups progressed to the quarter-finals, while the bottom two teams were eliminated from the tournament.
Tiebreakers
editIf two or more teams were equal on points on completion of the group matches, the following tie-breaking criteria were applied:[39][46]
- Higher number of points obtained in the matches played between the teams in question;
- Superior goal difference resulting from the matches played between the teams in question;
- Higher number of goals scored in the matches played between the teams in question;
- If, after having applied criteria 1 to 3, teams still had an equal ranking (e.g. if criteria 1 to 3 were applied to three teams that were level on points initially and these criteria separated one team from the other two who still have an equal ranking), criteria 1 to 3 would be reapplied exclusively to the matches between the teams who were still level to determine their final rankings. If this procedure did not lead to a decision, criteria 5 to 9 would apply;
- Superior goal difference in all group matches;
- Higher number of goals scored in all group matches;
- If two teams tie alone (according to 1–5) after having met in the last round of the group stage their ranking is determined bypenalty shoot-out.
- Position in theUEFA national team coefficientranking system;
- Fair play conduct of the teams (final tournament);
- Drawing of lots.
Group A
edit
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Czech Republic
|
3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | −1 | 6 | Advance toknockout stage |
| 2 |  Greece
|
3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 4[a] | |
| 3 | Russia
|
3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | +2 | 4[a] | |
| 4 | Poland(H)
|
3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | −1 | 2 |
| Russia | 4–1 | Czech Republic |
|---|---|---|
|
Report |
|
Group B
edit
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany
|
3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 | +3 | 9 | Advance toknockout stage |
| 2 | Portugal
|
3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 4 | +1 | 6 | |
| 3 |  Denmark
|
3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 5 | −1 | 3 | |
| 4 |  Netherlands
|
3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 | −3 | 0 |
| Netherlands | 1–2 | Germany |
|---|---|---|
|
Report |
|
| Portugal | 2–1 | Netherlands |
|---|---|---|
|
Report |
Group C
edit
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spain
|
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1 | +5 | 7 | Advance toknockout stage |
| 2 | Italy
|
3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | +2 | 5 | |
| 3 | Croatia
|
3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | +1 | 4 | |
| 4 |  Republic of Ireland
|
3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 9 | −8 | 0 |
Group D
edit
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  England
|
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 3 | +2 | 7 | Advance toknockout stage |
| 2 |  France
|
3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 4 | |
| 3 | Ukraine(H)
|
3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | −2 | 3[a] | |
| 4 |  Sweden
|
3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 3[a] |
| Ukraine | 2–1 | Sweden |
|---|---|---|
|
Report |
|
Knockout stage
edit
In the knockout stage,extra timeand apenalty shoot-outwere used to decide the winner if necessary.
As with every tournament sinceUEFA Euro 1984,there was nothird place play-off.
Bracket
edit| Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Final | ||||||||
| 21 June –Warsaw | ||||||||||
| Czech Republic | 0 | |||||||||
| 27 June –Donetsk | ||||||||||
| Portugal | 1 | |||||||||
| Portugal | 0 (2) | |||||||||
| 23 June –Donetsk | ||||||||||
| Spain(p) | 0 (4) | |||||||||
| Spain | 2 | |||||||||
| 1 July –Kyiv | ||||||||||
| France | 0 | |||||||||
| Spain | 4 | |||||||||
| 22 June –Gdańsk | ||||||||||
| Italy | 0 | |||||||||
| Germany | 4 | |||||||||
| 28 June –Warsaw | ||||||||||
| Greece | 2 | |||||||||
| Germany | 1 | |||||||||
| 24 June –Kyiv | ||||||||||
| Italy | 2 | |||||||||
| England | 0 (2) | |||||||||
| Italy(p) | 0 (4) | |||||||||
Quarter-finals
edit
Semi-finals
editFinal
editStatistics
editGoalscorers
editThere were 76 goals scored in 31 matches, for an average of 2.45 goals per match.
3 goals
2 goals
1 goal
- Nikica Jelavić
- Andy Carroll
- Joleon Lescott
- Wayne Rooney
- Theo Walcott
- Danny Welbeck
Yohan Cabaye- Jérémy Ménez
- Samir Nasri
- Lars Bender
- Sami Khedira
- Miroslav Klose
- Philipp Lahm
- Mesut Özil
- Lukas Podolski
- Marco Reus
- Theofanis Gekas
- Giorgos Karagounis
- Georgios Samaras
- Antonio Cassano
- Antonio Di Natale
- Andrea Pirlo
- Rafael van der Vaart
- Robin van Persie
- Jakub Błaszczykowski
- Robert Lewandowski
- Pepe
- Hélder Postiga
- Silvestre Varela
- Sean St Ledger
- Roman Pavlyuchenko
- Roman Shirokov
- Jordi Alba
- Juan Mata
- Jesús Navas
- Sebastian Larsson
- Olof Mellberg
1 own goal
- Glen Johnson(against Sweden)
Source: UEFA[79]
Awards
edit- UEFA Team of the Tournament
The UEFA Technical Team was charged with naming a squad composed of the 23 best players over the course of the tournament.[80]The group of eleven analysts watched every game at the tournament before making their decision after the final. Ten players from the winning Spanish team were selected in the team of the tournament, whileZlatan Ibrahimovićwas the only player to be included whose team was knocked out in the group stage.[80][81]
- Golden Boot
Fernando Torres tied with five other players on goals and withMario Gómezon goals and assists; however, he played 92 fewer minutes than Gómez did, thus earning the title. Torres also became the first player to score in two finals.[3]
- Fernando Torres(3 goals)[82]
- UEFA Player of the Tournament
Prize money
editA total of€196 million was given to the 16 teams competing in this tournament, an increase from the €184 million in theprevious tournament.Each team received an initial €8 million and then received additional money, based on their performances.[84]Spain, the winners of Euro 2012, were awarded a total prize of €23 million for their performance.[85]The maximum prize achievable (for winning all group matches and winning the final) was €23.5 million.
| Rank (unoff.) | Team | Million € |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spain |
23.0 |
| 2 | Italy |
19.5 |
| 3 | Germany |
16.0 |
| 4 | Portugal |
15.0 |
| 5 | England |
12.5 |
| 6 | Czech Republic |
12.0 |
| 7 | France,Greece |
11.5 |
| 9 | Croatia,Russia |
10.5 |
| 11 | Denmark,Ukraine |
10.0 |
| 13 | Poland,Sweden |
9.0 |
| 15 | Netherlands,Republic of Ireland |
8.0 |
Complete list:
- Prize for participating: €8 million
Extra payment based on teams performances:
- Champions: €7.5 million
- Runner-up: €4.5 million
- Reaching the semi-finals: €3 million
- Reaching the quarter-finals: €2 million
- Finishing in third place in a group: €1 million
- Winning a group match: €1 million
- Drawing a group match: €500,000
Besides money, commemorative plaques were given to all participants together with special plaques for semi-final losers and finalists. Gold and silver medals were awarded to the winners and runners-up, respectively, whereas both semi-final losers were awarded bronze medals. The trophy given to the winners remains in the ownership of UEFA; however, the winning nation, Spain, received a full-size replica.[39]
Discipline
editIn the final tournament, a player was suspended for the subsequent match in the competition for either getting red card or accumulating two yellow cards in two different matches. UEFA's Control and Disciplinary body has the ability to increase the automatic one match ban for a red card (e.g. for violent conduct). Single yellow card cautions were erased at the conclusion of the quarter-finals, and were not carried over to the semi-finals (so that a player could only be suspended for the final by getting a red card in the semi-final). Single yellow cards and suspensions for yellow card accumulations do not carry over to the2014 FIFA World Cup qualificationtournament matches.[39]The following players were suspended during the final tournament – for one or more games – as a result of red cards or yellow card accumulations:
| Player | Offences | Suspensions |
|---|---|---|
| Wayne Rooney
|
 inqualificationvMontenegro
|
Group D vFrance Group D vSweden |
| Sokratis Papastathopoulos
|
  in Group A vPoland
|
Group A vCzech Republic |
| Wojciech Szczęsny
|
in Group A vGreece
|
Group A vRussia |
| Jérôme Boateng
|
in Group B vPortugalin Group B vNetherlands
|
Group B vDenmark |
| Giorgos Karagounis
|
in Group A vPolandin Group A vRussia
|
Quarter-final vGermany |
| José Holebas
|
in Group A vPolandin Group A vRussia
| |
| Keith Andrews
|
in Group C vItaly
|
World Cup qualifying vKazakhstan |
| Philippe Mexès
|
in Group D vUkrainein Group D vSweden
|
Quarter-final vSpain |
| Christian Maggio
|
in Group C vSpainin Quarter-final vEngland
|
Semi-final vGermany |
Apart from discipline measures for yellow and red cards, UEFA fined the football associations ofCroatia,[86][87]England,[88]Germany,[89]Portugal,Russia,[90][91][92]andSpaina total of €417,000 for spectators incidents.[93][94][95]Furthermore, the Portuguese association was fined €5,000 for delaying the start of the second half of the game against Germany.[94]In addition to these, Danish strikerNicklas Bendtnerwas fined €100,000 and given a one match ban (to be applied in the2014 FIFA World Cup qualificationtournament) for revealing hissponsored underpants,violating UEFA regulations, during the celebration of his second goal in the match against Portugal.[96]His fine was later paid by his sponsor.[97]
Marketing
editTrophy tour
editTheHenri Delaunay Trophybegan a journey through the host cities seven weeks before the start of the tournament. A hundred days before the first match a 35.5-metre-high (116 ft) hot air balloon in the shape of the trophy was flown inNyon,Switzerlandand visited 14 cities throughout the host countries, reminding spectators of the impending tournament. On 20 April 2012, the trophy tour started and visited the Polish cities of Warsaw, Wrocław, Gdańsk, Poznań, Kraków, Katowice and Łódź. After the Polish cities, the trophy visited seven Ukrainian cities: Kyiv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv, and Odesa.[98][99]
Logo, slogan and theme songs
editThe competition slogan,Creating History Together(Polish:Razem tworzymy przyszłość,literally, "Together we are creating the future",Ukrainian:Творимо історію разом,Tvorymo istoriyu razom), was announced along with the logo. The official logo for the tournament was unveiled at a special event at Mykhailivska Square, Kyiv, on 14 December 2009 and was designed by Portuguese group Brandia Central.[100]It took its visual identity fromWycinanki or Vytynanky,a traditional form of paper cutting practised in rural areas of Poland and Ukraine. The art form symbolises the nature of the rural areas of both countries.[101][102]As part of the event, landmark buildings in the eight host cities were illuminated with the tournament logo.[103]
The official Euro 2012 song was "Endless Summer"by the German singerOceana.In addition, UEFA retained the melody that was composed byRollo ArmstrongofFaithlesson its behalf for the 2008 tournament.[104][105]The Republic of Ireland also produced an official song: "The Rocky Road to Poland",recorded by a collaboration of Irish performers, quickly reachednumber 1 in Irelandand stayed there for three weeks.[106]In Spain, the broadcasting companyMediaset Españacommissioned the song "No hay 2 sin 3", performed byDavid BisbalandCali & El Dandeeand produced byRedOne.[107]
The tournament was also associated with the song "Heart of Courage"byTwo Steps from Hell,which was played in the stadiums during the entrance of the players (before the national anthems);[108][109]and also "Seven Nation Army"byThe White Stripes,in this case after everygoal.[110]
Merchandise and mascots
edit
UEFA signed a worldwide licensing agreement withWarner BrothersConsumer Products to help promote the tournament.[111]The agreement involved licensing to third parties for a variety of other merchandising items.
Also designed by Warner Bros. were the official tournamentmascots,"Slavek and Slavko", twins that wore thenational coloursof the two host nations. The mascots were unveiled in December 2010,[112]and named following an online poll.[113]
Video game
editTheUEFA Euro 2012 video gamewas released byEA Sportsas a downloadableexpansion packforFIFA 12.[114]
Sponsorship
editUEFA announced ten global sponsors and, for both Poland and Ukraine, three national sponsors as shown below.[115]These sponsorships together with the broadcasting revenues were estimated to earn UEFA at least US$1.6 billion.[116]
| Global sponsors | Event sponsors | |
|---|---|---|
| Ukraine | Poland | |
Broadcasting
editAccording to UEFA requirements, TP ensured approximately 2х70 Gbit/s data communication speed from Polish stadiums and 2х140 Gbit/s between Poland and Ukraine. This was required due to the fact that the matches were broadcast inHDquality.[127]The multilateral production utilised 31camerasto cover the action on and around the pitch at every match, with additional cameras following activities around the game, such as team arrivals at the stadiums, interviews, and media conferences.[128]The official Euro 2012 broadcasting centre was located at the Expo XXI International Centre inWarsaw.[127]The tournament was broadcast live byaround 100 TV channelscovering the whole world.[129]150,000,000 people were expected to watch the matches each day.[130]
Concerns and controversies
edit
After Poland and Ukraine were chosen by a vote of the UEFA Executive Committee as host countries for Euro 2012, several issues arose, which jeopardised the Polish/Ukrainian host status.
In Ukraine there were financial difficulties related to stadium and infrastructure renovation related to theeconomic crisis.[131]In Poland, issues arose related to corruption within thePolish Football Association.[132]In April 2009 however, the president of UEFA,Michel Platiniannounced that all was on track and that he saw no major problems. After a UEFA delegation visited Ukraine in September 2011, he stated the country was "virtually ready for Euro 2012".[133]
In the UK, there were allegations of racism in football in both host countries. The main cause of discussion was theBBCcurrent affairsprogrammePanorama,entitledEuro 2012: Stadiums of Hate,which included recent footage of supporters chanting various antisemitic slogans and displays ofwhite powersymbols and banners in Poland, plus Nazi salutes and the beating of South Asians in Ukraine.[134]The documentary was first echoed in much of the British press, but was then attacked for being one-sided and unethical: critics included other British media outlets; anti-racism campaigners, black and Jewish community leaders in Poland; Polish and Ukrainian politicians and journalists; England fans visiting the host nations andGary Lineker,a British football star.[135][136][137][138]
In response toYulia Tymoshenko's hunger strike and her mistreatment in a Ukrainian prison some European politicians and governments announced that they would boycott the matches in Ukraine.[139][140]
Ukraine came under criticism from animal welfare organisations for killing stray cats and dogs in order to prepare for Euro 2012.[141]Ukrainian Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources and Minister of the Environment promised to take action to prevent killing animals but it still remains unclear how these measures were enforced.[142]The ministry's comments also suggested this would only be a temporary measure, drawing further criticism.[143][144][145]
Bomb explosionstook place inDnipropetrovsk,Ukraine, on 27 April 2012 and were described as a terrorist attack that may jeopardise the organisation of the tournament in Ukraine.[146]
Other important issues were associated withFEMEN's group protests againstprostitutionandsex tourism in Ukraine,and enormous increases in hotel prices by many hoteliers in the country.[147][148]
In total, four nations were fined by UEFA for racist activities by their fans (none of them were hosts): Germany, Spain, Croatia and Russia.[149]
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^"Spain overpower Italy to win UEFA EURO 2012".July 2012.Retrieved3 May2016.
- ^abc"Euro joy for Poland and Ukraine".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 18 April 2007. Archived fromthe originalon 21 May 2007.Retrieved31 October2010.
- ^ab"Torres, Casillas & Xavi amongst record-breakers for Spain".Goal. 1 July 2012.Retrieved2 July2012.
- ^"Bidding for the Final Tournament 2012"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 7 November 2005.Archived(PDF)from the original on 4 November 2005.
- ^"Uefa reveals Euro 2012 shortlist".BBC Sport.British Broadcasting Corporation. 8 November 2005.
- ^"Euro bidders state cases".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 31 May 2006. Archived fromthe originalon 22 April 2007.Retrieved31 October2010.
- ^"EURO 2012 dossiers delivered".UEFA.15 February 2007. Archived fromthe originalon 21 April 2007.Retrieved31 October2010.
- ^Harris, Rob(19 April 2007)."Poland and Ukraine to co-host Euro 2012".The Independent.Associated Press.Retrieved11 December2022.
- ^"Poland and Ukraine host Euro 2012".BBC Sport.British Broadcasting Corporation. 18 April 2007.
- ^Cresswell, Peterjon (12 April 2007)."Why Euro 2012 could go east".The Guardian.London.
- ^"Poland and Ukraine to host Euro 2012".ESPN Soccernet.18 April 2007. Archived fromthe originalon 20 November 2007.
- ^"Selection of host cities for UEFA Euro 2012".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 14 May 2009.
- ^"Four Ukraine host cities confirmed".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 12 December 2009.
- ^"Scots eye Euro 2012 rescue plan".BBC Sport.British Broadcasting Corporation. 5 June 2008.
- ^"Germany and Hungary could replace Ukraine as Euro 2012 host".Sport Business.11 May 2010.
- ^"Platini: Ukraine nearly ready for Euro 2012".Kyiv Post.27 September 2011.
- ^Chaplin, Mark (30 January 2009)."UEFA lays out priorities for 2009".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations.
- ^"Draw details and dates".UEFA. 7 February 2012.Retrieved16 June2012.
- ^"UEFA Euro 2012 teams".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations.Retrieved21 June2012.
- ^"December date for Euro finals draw in Kyiv".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 3 October 2011.
- ^"Euro draw throws up fascinating group tests".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 2 December 2011.
- ^ab"Euro finals draw seedings unveiled".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 16 November 2011.
- ^abcde"National Team Coefficients Overview 2011"(PDF).UEFA. 16 November 2011.Archived(PDF)from the original on 8 June 2022.Retrieved8 June2022.
- ^"Fixture plan brings Euro dream closer".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 4 October 2010.
- ^"UEFA Euro 2012 final draw press kit part"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 2 December 2011.Archived(PDF)from the original on 15 December 2011.
- ^"Surkis says Odesa mayor promised much, did little with respect to Euro 2012".Kyiv Post.15 December 2009.
- ^"Municipal Stadium Poznan launched in style".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 21 September 2010.
- ^"Metalist Stadium lights up Kharkov".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 5 December 2009.
- ^"Vice Prime Minister: Ukraine fulfilling UEFA requirements".ukraine2012.gov. 23 May 2012.
- ^"Alive-Creating History Together"(PDF).pp.37–39.Archived(PDF)from the original on 9 July 2012.Retrieved22 June2012.
- ^"Apply now for UEFA Euro 2012 ticket sales".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 1 March 2011.
- ^"Over 20,000 people per day to cross Ukraine–Poland border during Euro 2012".Kyiv Post.23 May 2012.
- ^"Massive demand for UEFA Euro 2012 tickets".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 1 April 2011.
- ^"Ticket prices for UEFA Euro 2012 announced".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 15 February 2011.
- ^"UEFA Euro 2012 Team base camp presentation"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 1 October 2010.Archived(PDF)from the original on 3 September 2011.
- ^ab"Alive No. 6"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. February 2012.Archived(PDF)from the original on 9 July 2012.
- ^Ashby, Kevin; Adams, Sam (2 December 2011)."adidas Tango 12 unveiled as official ball".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations.Retrieved6 December2011.
- ^Liew, Jonathan (2 December 2011)."Adidas's new Tango 12 ball moves on from the World Cup Jabulani".The Daily Telegraph.London. Archived fromthe originalon 21 April 2012.Retrieved3 April2012.
- ^abcd"Regulations of the UEFA European Football Championship 2010–12"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 26 October 2011.Retrieved19 June2012.
- ^abc"UEFA Euro 2012 referees named".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 20 December 2011.Retrieved20 December2011.
- ^ab"UEFA Euro 2012 match officials"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations.Archived(PDF)from the original on 16 April 2012.Retrieved27 March2012.
- ^"Men's Referees List".FIFA. Archived fromthe originalon 25 June 2011.Retrieved24 June2012.
- ^ab"UEFA issues full list of Euro match officials".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 27 March 2012.Retrieved24 June2012.
- ^"Match Schedule"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 4 October 2010.Archived(PDF)from the original on 9 December 2011.
- ^"Euro finals schedule confirmed".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 2 December 2011.
- ^"Key Euro regulation changes approved".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 22 May 2012.
- ^"Full-time report Poland-Greece"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 8 June 2012.Retrieved8 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Russia-Czech Republic"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 8 June 2012.Retrieved8 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Greece-Czech Republic"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 12 June 2012.Retrieved12 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Poland-Russia"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 12 June 2012.Retrieved12 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Czech Republic-Poland"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 16 June 2012.Retrieved16 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Greece-Russia"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 16 June 2012.Retrieved16 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Netherlands-Denmark"(PDF).UEFA. 9 June 2012.
- ^"Full-time report Germany-Portugal"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.9 June 2012.Retrieved9 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Denmark-Portugal"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.13 June 2012.Retrieved13 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Netherlands-Germany"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.13 June 2012.Retrieved13 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Portugal-Netherlands"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.17 June 2012.Retrieved17 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Denmark-Germany"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 17 June 2012.Retrieved17 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Spain-Italy"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.10 June 2012.Retrieved10 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Republic of Ireland-Croatia"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.10 June 2012.Retrieved10 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Italy-Croatia"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.14 June 2012.Retrieved14 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Spain-Republic of Ireland"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.14 June 2012.Retrieved14 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Croatia-Spain"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 18 June 2012.Retrieved18 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Italy-Republic of Ireland"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 18 June 2012.Retrieved18 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report France-England"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.11 June 2012.Retrieved11 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Ukraine-Sweden"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.11 June 2012.Retrieved11 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Ukraine-France"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.15 June 2012.Retrieved15 June2012.
- ^Dawkes, Phil (15 June 2012)."Euro 2012: Sweden v England".BBC Sport.British Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^"Full-time report Sweden-England"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.15 June 2012.Retrieved15 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report England-Ukraine"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.19 June 2012.Retrieved19 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Sweden-France"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.19 June 2012.Retrieved19 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Czech Republic-Portugal"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 21 June 2012.Retrieved21 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Germany-Greece"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 22 June 2012.Retrieved22 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Spain-France"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.23 June 2012.Retrieved23 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report England-Italy"(PDF).Union of European Football Associations.24 June 2012.Retrieved24 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Portugal-Spain"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 27 June 2012.Retrieved27 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Germany-Italy"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 28 June 2012.Retrieved28 June2012.
- ^"Full-time report Spain–Italy"(PDF).UEFA.1 July 2012.Archived(PDF)from the original on 27 November 2012.Retrieved1 July2012.
- ^"History".Union of European Football Associations(UEFA ).Retrieved15 May2020.
- ^abc"UEFA Euro 2012 Team of the Tournament".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 2 July 2012.Retrieved2 July2012.
- ^"Ten Spain players in Team of the Tournament".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 2 July 2012.Retrieved2 July2012.
- ^"Late surge earns Torres adidas Golden Boot".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 1 July 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 4 August 2012.Retrieved2 July2012.
- ^"Iniesta named Best Player of the Tournament".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 2 July 2012.Retrieved2 July2012.
- ^"Euro-2012 prize money to equal 196 million Euros".Archived fromthe originalon 2 July 2012.
- ^"Euro 2012 Prize Money List".Winnipeg Free Press.1 July 2012.Retrieved2 July2012.
- ^"€25,000 fine for Croatian Football Federation".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 15 June 2012.Retrieved19 June2012.
- ^"Euro 2012: Croatia fined for Mario Balotelli racial abuse".BBC Sport.British Broadcasting Corporation. 19 June 2012.Retrieved24 June2012.
- ^"Euro 2012: FA hit with Uefa fine over attempted pitch invasion".BBC Sport.British Broadcasting Corporation. 20 June 2012.Retrieved24 June2012.
- ^Pilcher, Tom (25 June 2012)."UEFA dish out another punishment to Germany".Reuters.Retrieved1 July2012.
- ^"Euro 2012: UEFA hits Russia with suspended six-point deduction and fine".The Guardian.London. 13 June 2012.Retrieved24 June2012.
- ^"Russia fined once more by UEFA".Fox Sports.23 June 2012.Retrieved24 June2012.
- ^"€30,000 fine for RFS".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 17 June 2012.Retrieved19 June2012.
- ^"Croatia, Portugal fined by UEFA".Fox Sports.26 June 2012.Retrieved3 July2012.
- ^ab"Fines for DFB, FPF".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 14 June 2012.Retrieved19 June2012.
- ^"Euro 2012: Uefa fines Russian and Spanish authorities for fans' racism".The Guardian.London. 29 June 2012.Retrieved3 July2012.
- ^"Ban and fine for Bendtner".UEFA. 18 June 2012.Retrieved19 June2012.
- ^Mirror, 19 Jun 2012: Pants-gate latest: Bookies agree to pay Bendtner's €100k UEFA fine for dropping his shorts.Retrieved 20 August 2012
- ^""Trophy Tour" page ".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations.Retrieved27 April2012.
- ^"Follow the Trophy tour under way in Warsaw".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations.Retrieved27 April2012.
- ^"UEFA Euro 2012 Logo – Revamped and Revealed!! | Logo Design By".Logoguru.co.uk. 19 January 2010.Retrieved14 June2012.
- ^"Logo/brand".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 14 December 2009.
- ^"Co-hosts in bloom for Euro 2012".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 14 December 2009.
- ^"Branding lights up host cities".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 14 December 2009.
- ^"The official UEFA Euro 2008 music"(PDF).UEFA. 28 February 2008. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 3 October 2008.
- ^"Poland select 18 old ladies to perform their official Euro 2012 song".Yahoo!. 4 May 2012.
- ^McGreevy, Ronan (24 February 2012)."A song for Poland: Irish supergroup record official Euro 2012 team tune".The Irish Times.
- ^"David Bisbal y Cali & el Dandee interpretan 'No hay 2 sin 3', nuestro himno de la Eurocopa".Telecinco.es. 10 May 2012.
- ^Upmanyu, Suryansh (3 February 2022)."Thomas Bergersen: The" Epic Music "Creator Behind Interstellar, Harry Potter And The Dark Knight".ED Times.Retrieved31 May2022.
- ^Abnos, Alexander (30 June 2012)."The Music of the Euro 2012 final | The Official Soundtrack".newsounds.Retrieved15 June2022.
- ^Dean, Will (19 June 2012)."Trending: The Euro 2012 chant that a Seven Nation Army couldn't hold back".The Independent.London.
- ^"UEFA appoints worldwide licensing representative".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 8 June 2010.
- ^"UEFA Euro 2012 mascots unveiled in Warsaw".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 16 November 2010.
- ^"Euro 2012 mascots named Slavek and Slavko".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 4 December 2010.
- ^"FIFA 12: UEFA Euro 2012 Review - IGN".24 April 2012.
- ^"Sponsor contacts: UEFA Euro 2012 Public Screening Licensing Programme"(PDF).UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 2010.Archived(PDF)from the original on 9 July 2012.Retrieved1 July2012.
- ^"Euro 2012 too local, too late for Chinese sponsors".Want China Times. 12 June 2012.Retrieved4 July2012.
- ^"Canon becomes UEFA Euro 2012 global sponsor".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 15 July 2011.Retrieved27 July2011.
- ^"Coca-Cola signs for Euro 2012, 2016".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 22 February 2010.Retrieved27 July2011.
- ^"Continental to sponsor Euro 2012 and 2016".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 20 October 2011.Retrieved23 October2011.
- ^"Sharp signs Eurotop agreement with UEFA".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 2 September 2010.Retrieved27 July2011.
- ^"Orange signs up as official Euro sponsor".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 19 January 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 22 January 2011.
- ^"Hyundai-Kia joins as official sponsor for UEFA Euro 2012™ and UEFA Euro 2016™".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 2 March 2010.Retrieved4 July2012.
- ^"Carlsberg on board for Euro 2012".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 21 May 2010.Retrieved27 July2011.
- ^"McDonald's sign up as official Euro sponsor".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 26 May 2010.Retrieved26 May2010.
- ^"Ukrsotsbank PJSC becomes national sponsor".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 20 July 2011.Retrieved27 July2011.
- ^"Sweet moment for Poland's first Euro sponsor".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 29 March 2011.Retrieved27 July2011.
- ^ab"Euro to be broadcast to billion fans".Ukraine2012.gov. 13 April 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 1 December 2012.Retrieved17 June2012.
- ^"UEFA Euro 2012 TV production fact sheet"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 11 June 2012.Retrieved17 June2012.
- ^"TV Channels broadcasting UEFA Euro 2012 live".Totalsportsmadness. 8 June 2012.Retrieved13 July2013.
- ^"Alive-Creating History Together"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on 9 July 2012.Retrieved13 July2013.
- ^"Financial crisis threatens Ukraine as Euro 2012 host".The Canadian Press.31 October 2008.
- ^"FIFA warns Poland on World Cup suspension".Reuters.1 October 2008. Archived fromthe originalon 30 October 2020.
- ^"Platini: Ukraine nearly ready for Euro 2012".Kyiv Post.27 September 2011.
- ^"Sol Campbell warns fans to stay away from Euro 2012".BBC News.British Broadcasting Corporation. 28 May 2012.Retrieved29 May2012.
- ^"Euro 2012 is overshadowed by accusations of racism and anti-Semitism".The Economist.6 June 2012.
- ^"Stitch up unstitched—updated (again)".The Economist.13 June 2012.
- ^"'Unfair' say organisers ".Hindustan Times.29 May 2012. Archived fromthe originalon 1 December 2012.Retrieved14 June2012.
- ^"Matt Law's Euro 2012 diary: My highs and lows of the tournament in Poland and Ukraine – Matt Law – Mirror Online".Mirror.co.uk. 30 June 2012.Retrieved13 July2013.
- ^Kravets, Andriy (30 April 2012)."Tymoshenko case: Europe pressure on Ukraine intensifies".BBC News.British Broadcasting Corporation.Retrieved30 April2012.
- ^"Europeans 'to boycott' Ukraine's Euro 2012".FOCUS Information Agency. 4 May 2012.Retrieved25 May2012.
- ^Osborn, Andrew (3 December 2011). "Ukraine accused of culling dogs in clean-up for Euro 2012".The Daily Telegraph.London. p. 23.
- ^"Naturewatch thanks UEFA for help on stray dogs".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 7 December 2011.Retrieved31 May2012.
- ^"UEFA welcomes Ukraine decision on stray dogs".UEFA.Union of European Football Associations. 22 November 2011.Retrieved31 May2012.
- ^"Ukraine to stop killing stray dogs before Euro 2012 football championship".The Guardian.London. 17 November 2011.
- ^"Ukraine calls for dog killing ban".London: Independent. 17 November 2011.Retrieved30 May2012.
- ^Elder, Miriam (27 April 2012)."Ukraine bomb blasts injure dozens ahead of Euro 2012".The Guardian.London.
- ^"Ukraine women go topless against UEFA, prostitution".3 November 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 2 April 2012.
- ^"UEFA complains about high Ukraine hotel prices".12 April 2012.
- ^Katya Gorchinskaya (12 June 1997)."Small business bearing the brunt of corruption".Kyivpost.Retrieved13 July2013.
External links
edit
- Official websiteat theWayback Machine(archived 2012-07-31)
- UEFA Euro 2012at UEFA
- Official Technical Report