This article needs to beupdated.(January 2019) |
TheCommittee on Energy and Commerceis one of the oldeststanding committeesof theUnited States House of Representatives.Established in 1795, it has operated continuously—with various name changes and jurisdictional changes—for more than 200 years. The two other House standing committees with such continuous operation are theHouse Ways and Means Committeeand theHouse Rules Committee.The committee has served as the principal guide for the House in matters relating to the promotion of commerce and to the public's health and marketplace interests, with the relatively recent addition of energy considerations among them. Due to its broad jurisdiction, it is considered one of the most powerful committees in the House.[1]
| Standing committee | |
|---|---|
Active United States House of Representatives 118th Congress | |
 U.S. House Committee on Energy and Commerce official Seal | |
| History | |
| Formed | December 14, 1795 |
| Leadership | |
| Chair | Cathy McMorris Rodgers(R) Since January 3, 2023 |
| Ranking member | Frank Pallone(D) Since January 3, 2023 |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 52 |
| Political parties | Majority(29)
|
| Website | |
| energycommerce.house.gov | |
Role of the committee
editThe House Committee on Energy and Commerce has developed what is arguably the broadest (non-tax-oriented) jurisdiction of any congressional committee. The committee maintains principal responsibility for legislative oversight relating to telecommunications,consumer protection,food and drug safety, public health, air quality and environmental health, the supply and delivery of energy, and interstate and foreign commerce.[2]This jurisdiction extends over five Cabinet-level departments and seven independent agencies—from the Department of Energy, Health and Human Services, the Transportation Department to the Federal Trade Commission, Food and Drug Administration, andFederal Communications Commission—and sundry quasi-governmental organizations.
Jurisdiction
editThe Energy and Commerce Committee has the broadest jurisdiction of any authorizing committee in Congress. It legislates on a wide variety of issues, including:[3]
- health care, including mental health and substance abuse
- health insurance, including Medicare and Medicaid
- biomedical research and development
- food, drug, device and cosmetic safety
- environmental protection
- clean air and climate change
- safe drinking water
- toxic chemicals and hazardous waste
- national energy policy
- renewable energy and conservation
- nuclear facilities
- electronic communications and the internet
- broadcast and cable television
- privacy, cybersecurity and data security
- consumer protection and product safety
- motor vehicle safety
- travel, tourism and sports
- interstate and foreign commerce
Members, 118th Congress
editResolutions electing members:H.Res. 14(Chair),H.Res. 15(Ranking Member),H.Res. 56(R),H.Res. 57(D),H.Res. 1133(R)
Subcommittees
editTo manage the wide variety of issues it encounters, the committee relies on the front-line work of six subcommittees, one more than during the111th Congress.During the 111th Congress, Chairman Henry Waxman combined the traditionally separate energy and environment subcommittees into a single subcommittee.[4]New Chairman Fred Upton restored them as separate subcommittees at the start of the 112th Congress, and they have been retained to this day.
| Subcommittee | Chair[5] | Ranking Member[6] |
|---|---|---|
| Communications and Technology | Bob Latta(R-OH) | Doris Matsui(D-CA) |
| Energy, Climate and Grid Security | Jeff Duncan(R-SC) | Diana DeGette(D-CO) |
| Environment, Manufacturing and Critical Minerals | Bill Johnson(R-OH) | Paul Tonko(D-NY) |
| Health | Brett Guthrie(R-KY) | Anna G. Eshoo(D-CA) |
| Innovation, Data and Commerce | Gus Bilirakis(R-FL) | Jan Schakowsky(D-IL) |
| Oversight and Investigations | Morgan Griffith(R-VA) | Kathy Castor(D-FL) |
Historical membership rosters
edit117th Congress
editResolutions electing members:H.Res. 9(Chair),H.Res. 10(Ranking Member),H.Res. 62(D),H.Res. 63(R)
- Subcommittees
| Subcommittee[8][9] | Chair | Ranking Member |
|---|---|---|
| Communications and Technology | Mike Doyle(D-PA) | Bob Latta(R-OH) |
| Consumer Protection and Commerce | Jan Schakowsky(D-IL) | Gus Bilirakis(R-FL) |
| Energy | Bobby Rush(D-IL) | Fred Upton(R-MI) |
| Environment and Climate Change | Paul Tonko(D-NY) | David McKinley(R-WV) |
| Health | Anna G. Eshoo(D-CA) | Brett Guthrie(R-KY) |
| Oversight and Investigations | Diana DeGette(D-CO) | Morgan Griffith(R-VA) |
116th Congress
editSources:H.Res. 7(Chair),H.Res. 8(Ranking Member),H.Res. 42(D),H.Res. 68(R)
- Subcommittees
| Subcommittee[10][11] | Chair | Ranking Member |
|---|---|---|
| Communications and Technology | Mike Doyle(D-PA) | Bob Latta(R-OH) |
| Consumer Protection and Commerce | Jan Schakowsky(D-IL) | Gus Bilirakis(R-FL) |
| Energy | Bobby Rush(D-IL) | Fred Upton(R-MI) |
| Environment and Climate Change | Paul Tonko(D-NY) | David McKinley(R-WV) |
| Health | Anna Eshoo(D-CA) | Brett Guthrie(R-KY) |
| Oversight and Investigations | Diana DeGette(D-CO) | Morgan Griffith(R-VA) |
115th Congress
editSources:H.Res. 6(Chair),H.Res. 7(Ranking Member),H.Res. 29(R) andH.Res. 45(D).
114th Congress
editHistory
editThe committee was originally formed as theCommittee on Commerce and Manufactureson December 14, 1795. Prior to this, legislation was drafted in the Committee of the Whole or in special ad hoc committees, appointed for specific limited purposes. However the growing demands of the new nation required that Congress establish a permanent committee to manage its constitutional authority under theCommerce Clauseto "regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States."
From this time forward, as the nation grew and Congress dealt with new public policy concerns and created new committees, the Energy and Commerce Committee has maintained its central position as Congress's monitor of commercial progress—a focus reflected in its changing jurisdiction, both in name and practice.
In 1819, the committee's name was changed to theCommittee on Commerce,reflecting the creation of a separate Manufacturers Committee and also the increasing scope of and complexity of American commercial activity, which was expanding the committee's jurisdiction from navigational aids and the nascent general health service to foreign trade andtariffs.Thomas J. Bliley,who chaired the committee from 1995 to 2000, chose to use this traditional name, which underscores the committee's role for Congress on this front.
In 1891, in emphasis of the committee's evolving activities, the name was again changed to theCommittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce—a title it maintained until 1981, when, under incoming ChairmanJohn Dingell,the committee first assumed what is now its present name to emphasize its lead role in guiding the energy policy of the United States. Dingell regained chairmanship of the committee in 2007 after having served asranking membersince 1995. In late 2008,Henry Waxmaninitiated a successful challenge to unseat Dingell as chairman. His challenge was unusual as the party caucus traditionally elects chairmen based on committee seniority. Waxman formally became chairman at the start of the111th Congress.[12]
Previous chairs
editCommittee on Commerce and Manufactures
edit| Chairman | Party | State | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Benjamin Goodhue | Federalist | Massachusetts | 1795–1796 |
| John Swanwick | Democratic-Republican | Pennsylvania | 1796–1797 |
| Edward Livingston | Democratic-Republican | New York | 1797–1798 |
| Samuel Smith | Democratic-Republican | Maryland | 1798–1803 |
| Samuel L. Mitchill | Democratic-Republican | New York | 1803–1805 |
| Jacob Crowninshield | Democratic-Republican | Massachusetts | 1805–1806 |
| Gurdon S. Mumford | Democratic-Republican | New York | 1806–1807 |
| Thomas Newton Jr. | Democratic-Republican | Virginia | 1807–1819 |
Committee on Commerce
editCommittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce
edit| Chairman | Party | State | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Roger Q. Mills | Democratic | Texas | 1891–1892 |
| George D. Wise | Democratic | Virginia | 1892–1895 |
| William Peters Hepburn | Republican | Iowa | 1895–1909 |
| James Robert Mann | Republican | Illinois | 1909–1911 |
| William C. Adamson | Democratic | Georgia | 1911–1917 |
| Thetus W. Sims | Democratic | Tennessee | 1917–1919 |
| John J. Esch | Republican | Wisconsin | 1919–1921 |
| Samuel Winslow | Republican | Massachusetts | 1921–1925 |
| James S. Parker | Republican | New York | 1925–1931 |
| Sam Rayburn | Democratic | Texas | 1931–1937 |
| Clarence F. Lea | Democratic | California | 1937–1947 |
| Charles A. Wolverton | Republican | New Jersey | 1947–1949 |
| Robert Crosser | Democratic | Ohio | 1949–1953 |
| Charles A. Wolverton | Republican | New Jersey | 1953–1955 |
| Percy Priest | Democratic | Tennessee | 1955–1956 |
| Oren Harris | Democratic | Arkansas | 1957–1966 |
| Harley Orrin Staggers | Democratic | West Virginia | 1966–1981 |
Committee on Energy and Commerce
edit| Chairman | Party | State | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| John Dingell | Democratic | Michigan | 1981–1995 |
| Thomas Bliley | Republican | Virginia | 1995–2001 |
| Billy Tauzin | Republican | Louisiana | 2001–2004 |
| Joe Barton | Republican | Texas | 2004–2007 |
| John Dingell | Democratic | Michigan | 2007–2009 |
| Henry Waxman | Democratic | California | 2009–2011 |
| Fred Upton | Republican | Michigan | 2011–2017 |
| Greg Walden | Republican | Oregon | 2017–2019 |
| Frank Pallone | Democratic | New Jersey | 2019–2023 |
| Cathy McMorris Rodgers | Republican | Washington | 2023– |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^"AOC, Rice face off for powerful committee post".Politico.8 December 2020.
- ^"About E&C".Democrats, Energy and Commerce Committee.December 19, 2013.
- ^"Jurisdiction".Democrats, Energy and Commerce Committee.2014-01-06.Retrieved2021-03-02.
- ^"House Energy and Commerce Committee announces Subcommittee Chairs and Membership".Energy and Commerce Committee Press Release. January 8, 2009.RetrievedJanuary 8,2009.
- ^"Chair Rodgers Announces Energy and Commerce Committee Leadership, Subcommittee Membership for the 118th Congress".House Committee on Energy and Commerce.Retrieved2023-01-27.
- ^"Pallone Announces Energy & Commerce Subcommittee Ranking Members and Democratic Roster".Democrats, Energy and Commerce Committee.2023-01-27.Retrieved2023-01-28.
- ^"Pallone Announces Energy & Commerce Subcommittee Chairs and Democratic Roster".15 January 2021.
- ^"Rodgers Announces Energy and Commerce Republican Subcommittee Leaders and Republican Roster".21 January 2021.
- ^"Pallone Announces Energy & Commerce Subcommittee Chairs and Democratic Roster".15 January 2021.
- ^"Rodgers Announces Energy and Commerce Republican Subcommittee Leaders and Republican Roster".21 January 2021.
- ^"Pallone Announces Energy & Commerce Subcommittee Chairs and Democratic Roster".15 January 2021.
- ^H.Res. 8
External links
edit
- Official website(Archive)
- House Energy and Commerce Committee.Legislation activity and reports, Congress.gov.
- House Energy and Commerce Committee Hearings and Meetings Video.Congress.gov