Thedural venous sinuses(also calleddural sinuses,cerebral sinuses,orcranial sinuses) arevenoussinuses(channels) found between theperiostealandmeningeallayers ofdura materin thebrain.[1][2]They receivebloodfrom thecerebral veins,andcerebrospinal fluid(CSF) from thesubarachnoid spaceviaarachnoid granulations.They mainly empty into theinternal jugular vein.[2] Cranialvenous sinusescommunicate with veins outside the skull throughemissary veins.These communications help to keep the pressure of blood in the sinuses constant.
| Dural venous sinuses | |
|---|---|
 Illustration of the dural venous sinuses | |
 Dural venous sinuses | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | sinus durae matris |
| MeSH | D003392 |
| TA98 | A12.3.05.101 |
| TA2 | 4846 |
| FMA | 76590 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
The major dural venous sinuses included the superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, straight sinus, sigmoid sinus and cavernous sinus. These sinuses play a crucial role in cerebral venous drainage. A dural venous sinus, in human anatomy, is any of the channels of a branching complex sinus network that lies between layers of the dura mater, the outermost covering of the brain, and functions to collect oxygen-depleted blood. Unlike veins, these sinuses possess no muscular coat.
Venous sinuses
edit| Name | Drains to |
|---|---|
| Anterior | |
| Sphenoparietal sinuses | Cavernous sinuses |
| Cavernous sinus | Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses |
| Midline | |
| Superior sagittal sinus | Typically becomes right transverse sinus or confluence of sinuses |
| Inferior sagittal sinus | Straight sinus |
| Straight sinus | Typically becomes left transverse sinus or confluence of sinuses |
| Posterior | |
| Occipital sinus | Confluence of sinuses |
| Confluence of sinuses | Right and left transverse sinuses |
| Lateral | |
| Superior petrosal sinus | Transverse sinuses |
| Transverse sinuses | Sigmoid sinus |
| Inferior petrosal sinus | Internal jugular vein |
| Sigmoid sinuses | Internal jugular vein |
Paired venous sinus[3]
Structure
editThe walls of the dural venous sinuses are composed ofdura materlined withendothelium,a specialized layer offlattened cellsfound inbloodandlymph vessels.They differ from other blood vessels in that they lack a full set of vessel layers (e.g.tunica media) characteristic ofarteriesandveins.They also lack valves (in veins; with exception of materno-fetal blood circulation i.e. placental artery and pulmonary arteries both of which carry deoxygenated blood).[citation needed]
Clinical relevance
editThe sinuses can be injured by trauma in which damage to thedura mater,may result inblood clotformation (thrombosis) within the dural sinuses. Other common causes ofdural sinus thrombosisinclude tracking of infection through theophthalmic veininorbital cellulitis.While rare, dural sinus thrombosis may lead tohemorrhagicinfarctionorcerebral edemawith serious consequences includingepilepsy,neurological deficits, or death.[4]
Additional images
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Dural veins -
Sagittal section of the skull, showing the sinuses of the dura. -
Dura mater and its processes exposed by removing part of the right half of the skull, and the brain. -
The sinuses at the base of the skull. -
Major sinuses and their tributaries
References
edit- ^Kiernan, John A. (2005).Barr's The Human Nervous System: An Anatomical Viewpoint.Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp.428–230.ISBN0-7817-5154-3.Archived fromthe originalon 2011-05-14.Retrieved2006-01-27.
- ^abGaillard, Frank."Dural venous sinuses | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org".Radiopaedia.
- ^Human Anatomy, B D Chaurasia's (2023).Anatomy(9th ed.). CBS publisher and Distuributer Pvt Ltd. p. 213.ISBN978-93-5466-477-9.
- ^de Bruijn SF, Stam J (1999)."Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of anticoagulant treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin for cerebral sinus thrombosis".Stroke.30(3):484–8.doi:10.1161/01.str.30.3.484.PMID10066840.
External links
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