Wikipedia

Vijayawada

Vijayawada(/ˈvɪdʒəjəˈwɑːdə/ⓘVijay-uh-waw-duh), also known by its colonial nameBezawada,is the second largest city and commercial hub in theIndian stateofAndhra Pradesh.[5]The city is part of theAndhra Pradesh Capital Regionand is located on the banks of theKrishna Riversurrounded by the hills of theEastern Ghats,known as the Indrakeeladri Hills.[6]The city is home to the important Hindu shrine ofKanaka Durga Temple.[7]It geographically lies on thecenter spotof Andhra Pradesh. The city has been described as thecommercial,political,culturalandeducationalcapital of Andhra Pradesh.[8]It is the administrative headquarters ofNTR district.[9]ThePrakasam Barrageacross the Krishna River connects the NTR and Guntur districts.[10]

Vijayawada
Bezawada
Metropolis
Clockwise from top:Prakasam Barrage,Statue of Social Justice,Kondapalli Fort,Undavalli Caves,Kanaka Durga Temple,Gandhi Smaraka Stupam,andBapu Museum
Etymology: The Place of Victory
Nickname:
City of Victory
Map
Interactive map
A map showing location of Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh, India.
A map showing location of Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Vijayawada
Location in Andhra Pradesh
A map showing location of Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh, India.
A map showing location of Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Vijayawada
Location in India
A map showing location of Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh, India.
A map showing location of Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Vijayawada
Location in Asia
A map showing location of Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh, India.
A map showing location of Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Vijayawada
Location in Earth
Coordinates:16°31′09″N80°37′50″E/ 16.5193°N 80.6305°E/16.5193; 80.6305
CountryIndia
StateAndhra Pradesh
RegionCoastal Andhra
District
Incorporated (Municipality)1 April 1888
Incorporated (Corporation)6 June 1981
Government
• TypeMunicipal Corporation
• Body
•MayorRayana Bhagya Lakshmi(YSRCP)
•Municipal CommissionerSwapnil Dinakar Pundkar (IAS)
•Member of ParliamentKesineni Chinni(TDP)
•Member of the Legislative Assembly
Bonda Umamaheswara Rao(TDP)Vijayawada Central,
Area
• Urban
[1]
283.58 km2(109.49 sq mi)
• Metro
[2]
8,603.32 km2(3,321.76 sq mi)
• City61.88 km2(23.89 sq mi)
Elevation
11 m (36 ft)
Population
• Rank2nd (in Andhra Pradesh) 27th In India
•Urban
[1]
1,476,931
• Urban density5,200/km2(13,000/sq mi)
•Metro
5,873,588
• City
1,048,240
• City density17,000/km2(44,000/sq mi)
Literacy
• Literates789,038
• Literacy rate82.59%
Languages
• OfficialTelugu
Time zoneUTC+05:30(IST)
PIN
520001[3]
Area code+91–866
Vehicle registrationAP 16
Nominal GDP(2023-24)(Note: GDP refers only to VMC Limits -(For metropolitan GDP visitAndhra Pradesh Capital Region)₹40,311 crore(US$4.8 billion)[4]
International AirportVijayawada Airport
National HighwaysNH 16,NH 65,NH 30
Website

It is one of the fastest growing urban areas in India[11]and among the top 10 fastest growing cities in the world according to Oxford Economics report.[12]

Vijayawada is considered to be asacred placedue to it being home to one of the most visited and famous temples in Andhra Pradesh and India, theKanaka Durga Templeof theHindu GoddessDurgaresiding on the Indrakeeladri hill.[13]It also serves as the ritual host ofPushkaram(a river worshipping ritual in India) of theRiver Krishna.[14]There is a legend which says thatArjuna,one of theheroesof theIndian epicMahabharata,prayed on top of the Indrakeeladri Hill in the city and won the blessings of theLord Shivato get thePashupatastrato win theKurukshetra War.[15]It was called Vijayavatika (meaning Land of Victory inTelugu) whenGoddess Durgakilled the demonMahishasuraand rested on the Indrakeeladri Hill by the River Krishna establishing thevictoryoverevilhence the place got its name Vijayavatika, "Vijaya" meaning victory, and "Vatika" meaning place or land inTelugu.[16]

The city is the third most densely populated urban built-up area in the world.[17]and is classified as aY-gradecity by theSixth Central Pay Commission.[18]The city is thesecond most populousin the state with a population of more than one million.[19]It was recognised as a "Global City of the Future" byMcKinsey Quarterly,which expected an increase to GDP of $17 billion by 2025.[20][21]In October 2018, it was awarded withISO 37120platinum level certification and has been added to the "Global Cities Registry".[22][23]

Due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions, the city has emerged as a major educational hub in recent times, with many of the nation's students studying in the city. It is predicted to be the world's, and India's, tenth fastest growing city economy through 2035 by an Oxford Economics report.[24]Due to its high ratings in entertainment, construction, food, education, health care, and transport,[25]it is ranked as India's ninth most liveable city as per Ease of Living Index 2018, and theMinistry of Housing and Urban Affairs[26]and the second most liveable city in the state ofAndhra Pradesh.[27]

TheVijayawada Junction railway stationis one of the busiest in the country.[28]It is the tenthbusiest railway junctionin the country.

Toponymy

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There are many legends behind the origin of the name Vijayawada. It is said thatGoddess DurgakilledMahishasuraand relaxed at this place. As she was victorious, the place came to be known as Vijayawada (vijayatranslates to victory[29]andwadaas place, literally meaningThe Place of Victory).[30]The hill was called asIndrekeeladrisince it was frequently visited byIndraand his affiliates.[31]The epicMahabharatarefers to the Indrakiladri hills as the place whereArjunasecuredPashupatastrafromLord Shiva.One of the names ofArjunais "Vijaya" (invincible). Thus city thereafter came to be known asVijayavatika('Vatika' translates to place in Telugu) and later as Vijayawada.[32]

A tale behind its acquiring the name Bezawada is that Goddess Krishnaveni (River Krishna) requested Arjuna to make a passage for her to merge into theBay of Bengal.Hence, Arjuna made abejjam(hole) through the mountains and the place came to be known asBejjamwadawhich later changed toBezawada.[33][34]Other names of Vijayawada were being Vijayavata,[33]Beejapuram, Kanakaprabha, Kanakapuram, Kanakawada, Jayapuri, Vijayapuri, Phalguna Kshetram and Jananathpura in the twelfth century CE.[35]

History

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See also:Battle of Vijayawada

Bezawada (as Vijayawada was known then) was founded around 626 A.D. byParicchediKings. Vijayawada history reveals that Bezawada (Vijayawada) was ruled by King Madhava Varma (one of the kings ofVishnukundina dynasty).[36]Chinese Buddhist scholarXuanzangstayed a few years in Bezawada (Vijayawada) in around 640 A.D. to copy and study theAbhidhamma Pitaka,the last of the three pitakas (Pali for baskets) constituting the Pali canon, the scriptures ofTheravadaBuddhism.[37]

Mogalrajapuramhills have five rock-cut temples, built during the fourth–ninth centuries. Some of the caves can be attributed toVishnukundina dynasty.Akkana Madanna Caves,at the foot of Indrakeeladri Hill, is a monument of national importance.[38]

At the foot of Indrakeeladri hills is the temple of Malleswara. The temple has inscriptions dating back to ninth century AD to 16th century AD by various kings. There are ten pillars and a mutilated slab (recognised as monuments byArchaeological Survey of India) with inscriptions in the Telugu language. Of them, the inscriptions issued by Yudhamalla I and II ofEastern Chalukyasare important.[38]

In the early 16th century, during the reign ofQutb Shahi dynasty(also known as Golconda Sultanate),diamond mineswere found near Vijayawada on the banks ofKrishna River.[39]

Geography

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Vijayawada lies on the banks ofKrishna river,[40]covered by hills and canals.[17][41]and at an altitude of 11 m (36 ft) above sea level. Threecanalsoriginating from the north side of thePrakasam Barragereservoir — Eluru, Bandar, andRyves— flow through the city.[42]

Climate

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Vijayawada has atropical wet and dry climate(KöppenAw).[43]The annual mean temperatures range between 23.4–34 °C (74–93 °F); with maximum temperatures often crossing 40 °C (104 °F) in the month of May and the minimum in December and January.[44]The highest maximum temperature ever recorded was 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) in May 2002. May is the hottest and January is the coldest month of the year.[44][45]It receives rainfall from the South-west and North-eastmonsoons[43]and the average annual rainfall recorded is 977.9 mm (38.50 in).[44]

Climate data for Vijayawada (Vijayawada Airport,located inGannavaram) 1991–2020, extremes 1950–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.9
(96.6) 		38.2
(100.8) 		43.3
(109.9) 		44.5
(112.1) 		48.8
(119.8) 		47.6
(117.7) 		41.0
(105.8) 		41.1
(106.0) 		39.4
(102.9) 		38.2
(100.8) 		35.8
(96.4) 		36.7
(98.1) 		48.8
(119.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30.4
(86.7) 		32.8
(91.0) 		35.9
(96.6) 		37.9
(100.2) 		40.2
(104.4) 		37.2
(99.0) 		33.9
(93.0) 		33.0
(91.4) 		33.2
(91.8) 		32.4
(90.3) 		31.4
(88.5) 		30.4
(86.7) 		34.0
(93.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 18.5
(65.3) 		20.0
(68.0) 		22.7
(72.9) 		25.3
(77.5) 		27.3
(81.1) 		26.7
(80.1) 		25.4
(77.7) 		25.1
(77.2) 		24.9
(76.8) 		23.8
(74.8) 		21.4
(70.5) 		18.9
(66.0) 		23.3
(73.9)
Record low °C (°F) 11.1
(52.0) 		14.4
(57.9) 		17.0
(62.6) 		19.4
(66.9) 		19.4
(66.9) 		20.2
(68.4) 		20.2
(68.4) 		20.2
(68.4) 		18.2
(64.8) 		17.6
(63.7) 		14.0
(57.2) 		13.0
(55.4) 		11.1
(52.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 5.8
(0.23) 		10.4
(0.41) 		11.0
(0.43) 		17.2
(0.68) 		63.0
(2.48) 		138.3
(5.44) 		207.7
(8.18) 		180.5
(7.11) 		170.3
(6.70) 		150.6
(5.93) 		60.5
(2.38) 		16.7
(0.66) 		1,032
(40.63)
Average rainy days 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 2.5 7.4 12.1 10.4 8.7 7.6 2.6 0.6 54.3
Averagerelative humidity(%)(at 17:30IST) 58 54 49 48 46 52 66 71 75 77 70 60 60
Source:India Meteorological Department[46][47][48]

Vijayawada has been ranked 6th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India.[49]

Demographics

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The city is the second most populous in the state and the third most densely populated urban built-up areas in the world, with approximately 31,200 people per square km.[50]As of 2011Census of India,it had a population of 1,021,806, of which males are 524,918 and females are 523,322 — for asex ratioof 997 females per 1000 males — higher than the national average of 940 per 1000.[51][52]92,848 children were in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 47,582 were boys and 45,266 were girls: a ratio of 951 per 1000. The average literacy rate stood at 82.59% (male 86.25%; female 78.94%) with 789,038 literates, significantly higher than the national average of 73.00%.[51][53]

Language and religion

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Religion in Vijayawada City (2011)[54]
Hinduism
 
 85.16%
Islam
 
 9.12%
Christianity
 
 3.64%
Jainism
 
 0.50%
Other or not stated
 
 1.58%

Languages of Vijayawada (2011)[55]

Telugu(89.42%)
Urdu(7.95%)
Others (2.63%)

The predominant language spoken by the city residents isTelugu.[56]In the 2011 census, the total number of language speakers in the city (including theoutgrowths) were 1,143,232. Telugu is spoken by 1,022,376 speakers, followed by 90,876Urdu.A small minority speakHindi,Tamil,Odia,Gujarati,MarathiandMalayalam.[55]In the same census, the total religious population in the city (including the outgrowths) was 1,143,232. It constituted 973,612Hindus(85.16%), 104,206Muslims(9.12%), 41,557Christians(3.64%), 5,722Jains(0.50%) and 18,135 (1.59%) did not state any religion.[57]

Governance

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Main article:Administration of Vijayawada

Civic administration

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Vijayawada Municipal Corporationis the civic governing body of the city and was the firstISO 9001certifiedurban local bodyin the country.[58]

It was constituted on 1 April 1888 and was upgraded to selection grade municipality in 1960, and, to the corporation in 1981. The jurisdictional area of the corporation is spread over an area of 230 km2(89 sq mi) with 64 wards.[59][60]The present Municipal Commissioner of the city is Sri Swapnil Dinkar Pundkar,IAS[61]and the presentMayoris Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi.[62][63]Vijayawada is the headquarters ofAndhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority.[64]

As per the G.O. 104 (dated:23-03-2017), the state government had declared Vijayawada Municipal Corporation and its contiguous areas as ametropolitan areaof Vijayawada.[65]Its jurisdiction is spread over an area of 230 km2(89 sq mi) and has an estimated population of18lakhs.[66]The metropolitan area covers Vijayawada municipal corporation and merged villages of Ambapuram, Buddavaram, Done Atkuru,Enikepadu,Ganguru,Gannavaram,Gollapudi,[59]Gudavalli, Jakkampudi,Kanuru,Kesarapalle,Nidamanuru,Nunna,Pathapadu,Penamaluru,Phiryadi Nainavaram,Poranki,Prasadampadu,Ramavarappadu,Tadigadapa,Kankipadu,Vuyyuru,Katuru,Bollapadu,MudunuruandYanamalakuduru.[67]The urban agglomeration spread inGuntur districtcoversTadepalle Municipalityand its outgrowth ofUndavalli;Mangalagiri Municipalityand its outgrowths ofNavuluruand Atmakur.[68]

Utility services

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Sri Kodanda Ramalaya KalaVedika, Muthyalampadu
Rythubazar, Kedareshwarpeta

Water supply from the 59 water reservoirs, maintenance of roads, sewerage, underground drainage, environment protection programs, recycling of solid waste and producing power are the services provided by theVijayawada Municipal Corporation.[69]There has been an underground drainage system in the city since 1967–68. Many green parks are maintained by the corporation to protect the environment such as Raghavaiah park, Rajiv Gandhi Park, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Park, Mahatma Gandhi Park etc.[70]The corporation won many awards and achievements such as National Urban Water Award (2009), Siti e-Governance Project,ISO 9001certification forQuality Management System.[71]

TheAndhra Pradesh State Disaster Response and Fire Services Departmentwith its headquarters in the city[72]is responsible for protecting from fire accidents that occur during summers on the hill slope areas of the city.[73]

Pollution control

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The report on solid waste generation in 46 metro cities for the year 2015–16 shows Vijayawada produces 550tonnesof solid waste per day.[74]Vijayawada is one of the cities to be covered under the Solar/Green Cities scheme launched by theMinistry of New and Renewable Energyand is one of the 15 cities in the country listed in Pilot Solar Cities.[75]

In 2007, theAndhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation(APSRTC) that operates the city's public transport system introduced less-pollutingCNGfuelled public transport busses in a drive to reduce the operational cost and protect the environment.[76]In 2019, with the cost of CNG and fleet maintenance on the rise, the APSRTC had begun replacing the CNG run busses with BS4 and BS6 standard diesel-fuelled buses.[77]However, APSRTC continues to be committed to alternative fuels for its fleet. It has since added moreelectric,[78]andbiodieselfuelled busses.[79]

Likewise, the city has a large number of CNG fuelledauto-rickshawsthat support public transportation needs. However, auto-rickshaw operators have frequently suffered disruption in CNG supply and usually endure long queues to refuel.[80][81]In February 2020,Piaggio Vehicles Private Limitedlaunched the sale of electric auto-rickshaws in the city.[82]

Law and order

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Office of assistant commissioner of police, traffic division - III, Vijayawada city

TheVijayawada City Policehas its own Police Commissionerate, which is responsible for an area of 1,211.16 km2(467.63 sq mi),[83]is headed by aPolice Commissioner,who is anIPSofficer ofAdditional Director General of Policerank along with one joint commissioner of police and four Deputy Commissioners of Police who are also IPS officers. The present Police commissioner is Bathini Sreenivasulu.[84]

Economy

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Main article:Economy of Vijayawada
A view of PVP Mall on M.G. Road

As of 2020 GDP of Vijayawada city is $11.292 Billion.[85]Vijayawada is one of the rapidly growing urban markets of the country.[86]The sectors that contribute to the city economy are construction, education, entertainment, food processing, hospitality, registrations, transport, etc.[87]Based on the recommendations of theSixth Central Pay Commission,it is classified as one of the Y-grade cities of India.[18]According to one study, the GDP of the city in 2010 was $3 billion (Rs. 18,000 crore) and is expected to grow up to $17 billion (Rs. 1,02,000 crore) by 2025.[88]According to another by Oxford the GDP of the city in 2018 was $5.8 billion and is expected to grow up to $21 billion by 2035.[12]

Andhra Cements (1937) was the firstcement factoryin Andhra Pradesh. Siris Pharmaceuticals was the firstpharma companyin Andhra Pradesh and was established in 1950.[citation needed]

The city has trading and exporting markets for agriculture and industrial goods.[89]The NunnaMangoMarket is one of the largest mango markets in Asia, exporting to major cities in the country.[90]It is also a hub for storage, bottling, and transportation of petroleum products of all major companies likeBPCL,HPCL,andIOCL.[91]

The city is also attracting many international IT companies.HCL Technologies,Wipro,theNoida-based Indianmultinationalis constructing its Vijayawada campus in Kesarapalli village, near to Gannavaram. In the first phase, HCL will provide employment to 5,000 students.[92]

There are two major IT parks one at Gannavaram and other in Mangalagiri there are big companies like TechMahindra, HCL, PI Data Center, VSoft, Efftronics, KJ Systems, and EPSoft. The city is also most preferred tier-two city destination for IT/ITES services. There is an APIIC Mega Food Park in Mallavalli near Gannavaram.

The growing population and economy have resulted in rising real estate prices.[93]There is also a cyber security office that is operating byTech mahindra.And the Wonderlaan amusement park is trying to invest around 250 crores rupees to expand its branch in between guntur and vijayawada in 50 acres.

Culture

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Kondapalli toys, craftwork from a suburb of Vijayawada
Night view of Prakasam Barrage
Sri KodandaRamalayam, Near Upendra Chowk, Muthyalampadu

The city is known in the state for its cultural history,[94]whose residents are more often referred to asVijayawadians.[95]There are many religions, languages, traditions, and festivals.[96][97]Durga Poojaand a specialTheppotsavaminKrishna riverare important events of theHindufestival ofDusserain the city, mainly due to the existence of self-manifestedKanaka Durga Temple.[98]Hazarat Bal Mosque is aMuslimshrine housing the holy relic of theProphet Mohammed.[99]Gunadala Matha Shrineis an important shrine forChristiansand illuminates duringChristmasEve[100]and Gunadala Matha annual festival which takes place on 9, 10 and 11 February each year.[101]

[102]

The city corporation organises "Happy Sunday," an event organised on the first Sunday of every month atM.G. Roadfor promoting activities such as sports, games, cultural events, and yoga.[103]The clothing of the locals includes traditional men wearingdhotiand women wearingsareeandsalwar kameez.western clothingis also predominant.[104]

Arts, crafts and artefacts

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The Vijayawada Art Society promotes Telugu arts.[105]The city hosted Poetic Prism 2015, a multilingual poet's meet on 19 September 2015.[97]All these activities are organised in collaboration with theCultural Centre of Vijayawada.

Kondapalli Toys— which were grantedgeographical indicationin 2007[106]— are handmade by the artisans ofKondapalli,a suburb of Vijayawada.[107]Kondapalli toys, also known as Kondapalli Bommalu, are traditional wooden toys crafted by skilled artisans in Kondapalli, Andhra Pradesh, India. These toys are known for their intricate designs and vibrant colours, made from soft Tella Poniki wood and painted with natural dyes. They are safe for children to play with due to their non-toxic materials and lack of harmful chemicals. Originating from Rajasthan in the 16th century, Kondapalli artisans are considered 'Aryakhastriyas'.[108]

Victoria Jubilee Museumis anarchaeological museumin the city, which houses sculptures, paintings, and artefacts ofBuddhistand Hindurelics,dating back to the second and third centuries.

Cityscape

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Main article:List of visitor attractions in Vijayawada


Vijayawada was paired as a sister city ofModesto, Californiain 1993.[109]The city has old and new town areas. TheOne Townarea of the city is known as old city area, comprising areas such as Islampet, Jendachettu Centre, Kamsalipet, Rajarajeswaripet, Kothapet,Ajith Singh Nagar,and Winchipet.[110]The new city areas include areas such as Autonagar, Benz circle, Chuttugunta, Labbipet, Machavaram Down,Mogalrajapuram,NTR circle, Tikkle Road, Governorpeta, Pinnamaneni Polyclinic Road and Suryaraopet.[110][111][112]

Vijayawada city from Gandhi hill

Brindavan Colony, Commercial Taxes Colony, Gunadala, Veterinary Colony are some of the residential areas.[111]Bank Colony, Bharati Nagar, Gayatri Nagar, Currency Nagar, Satyanarayana Puram, Gurunanak Colony, APIIC Colony, LIC Colony,PatamataandMG Roadare the upscale residential areas.[113][114]The major commercial areas include the stretch of MG Road and fromBenz CircletoRamavarappaduRing.[111][114]Other commercial centers are Besant Road, Rajagopalachari street, One Town market area covering Kaleswara Rao Market (KR Market), and Vastralatha.[115][116][117]

The city has many landmarks which include,Prakasam Barrageacross theKrishna river;[118]Krishnaveni Mandapam(River Museum) depicting the history of Krishna river and a nearby idol of the river known as, Krishnaveni statue;Gandhi Hill,the first Gandhi Memorial in the country, located at an elevation of 500 feet (150 m) on a hill;Bhavani Island,one of the largest river island amidst Krishna river.[citation needed]

Transport

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Main article:Transport in Vijayawada

Public transport

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The primary modes of intra-city public transport are city buses andauto rickshaws.[119]Apart from these, other means of transport aremotorcycles,cycle rickshaws,andbicycles.[119]: 37, 44 ThePandit Nehru Bus Stationand theVijayawada Junction railway stationare the major transport infrastructure for road and rail transport.[120]The Pandit Nehru bus station is the administrative headquarters ofAPSRTC,[121]which is ranked as the fourth largest and busiest bus terminals in the country.[122]The City Division of APSRTC operates close to 450 buses for an average of 300,000 daily commuting passengers.[123]Autonagar bus terminus and city bus port is used for city bus services.[124][125]The city buses ply in major routes ofBesant Road,Eluru Road,MG Roadand to the city outskirts ofIbrahimpatnam,Kondapalli,Mangalagiri,Kankipadu,Uyyuru,Gannavaram,NidamanuruandNunna.[126]In 2016, APSRTS has discontinued city services on theBRTS corridordue to poor response from the commuters.[127]It was built at a reported cost of₹150 crore(US$18 million), exclusively to be used by city buses has been.[128]

Road

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The two majorNational Highways,NH-16 (Kolkata–Bhubaneshwar-Visakhapatnam-Vijayawada-Guntur-Nellore-Chennai)andNH-65 (Pune-Hyderabad-Suryapet-Vijayawada-Machilipatnam),provides road connectivity with other states and major cities.[129][130]National Highway 30fromJagdalpurofChhattisgarhterminates near the city suburb ofIbrahimpatnam.[130]TheInner Ring Roadconnects NH-16 and NH-65 to serve the main purpose of easing traffic congestion.[131]

The seamless commuting in the city is supported by the presence of 16 bridges across the three canals of Bandar, Eluru, andRyves.[132]M. G. Road(Bandar Road) andEluru Roadare the major arterial roads of the city,[133]with as many as 90,000 vehicles plying M. G. Road itself.[134]The city has a total road length of 1,264.24 km (785.56 mi),[135]used by 678,004 non-transport and 94,937 transport vehicles.[136]The heavy vehicles like lorries are used for freight transport and hold a share of 18% in the country.[137]Short distance commuting is served by 27,296auto rickshawsplying the city roads every day,[136]which include the women-driven 'She Autos' as well.[138]The city has a total road length of 1,264.24 km (785.56 mi), covering 1,230.00 km (764.29 mi) of municipal roads, 22.74 km (14.13 mi) of R&B (Roads & Buildings) department roads, 11.50 km (7.15 mi) of National Highways.[139]Benz Circleis one of the busiest road junctions in the city with an average of 57,000 vehicles crossing daily, The junction has the intersection of two national highways of NH 16 and NH 65.[140]

Golden Mile Project

Main article:Golden Mile Project (Vijayawada)

MG Road in Vijayawada is home to the Golden Mile Project, India’s first smart street initiative. Covering a 2.9 km stretch from the Police Control Room to Benz Circle, it was launched as a Proof of Concept for the Smart City initiative by the Government of Andhra Pradesh.[141]Supported byCisco Systems,the project provides facilities such as free Wi-Fi, intelligent street lighting, smart parking, and digital kiosks. The total cost of ₹7.83 crore was shared between Cisco, the Andhra Pradesh Urban Finance & Infrastructure Development Corporation, and theVijayawada Municipal Corporation.The project enables real-time monitoring through the City Digital Platform at the municipal office.[142]It includes 101 surveillance cameras, with some capable of calculating traffic density and providing live reports. Additionally, 35 Wi-Fi access points and 240 smart solar-powered lights were installed for public use. Parking sensors help reduce congestion, and motion sensors manage traffic and detect violations. The project also introduced Remote Expert Government Services, allowing citizens to communicate with officials via video calls.[143]

Rail

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Vijayawada railway station

Vijayawada Junction railway stationwas established in the year 1888.[144]It is one of the busiest stations ofIndian Railways,[145]the busiest railway station inSouth India,and is classified as aNon-Suburban Grade-2 (NSG-2)station inVijayawada railway division.[146]The station is a junction station for the trains fromHyderabad,Chennai Central,MachilipatnamandVisakhapatnam Junction.[147]A train route connecting Vijayawada and Hyderabad was laid in 1889.[citation needed]Suburban rail services are operated from the railway station to the nearby cities ofGunturandTenali.[148][149]The city houses the headquarters of Vijayawada railway division,[150]one of the three railway divisions ofSouth Coast Railway zone.[151]The station has also a diesel andelectric loco shedswhich have a capacity of holding 220 locos by both the sheds.[citation needed]The city of Vijayawada has several satellite stations such asGannavaram,Gunadala,Krishna Canal,Ramavarappadu,[152]Kondapalli,Rayanapadu,[153]Madhura Nagar,[154]andNidamanuru.[155]

Suburban and high speed rail

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A proposed circular train connectivity would connect Vijayawada with neighbouring cities ofEluru,Guntur,Tenali,Mangalagiriand the state capital,Amaravati.[156][157]

Metro rail System

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A 66 km light transit system is proposed to connect the city withAmaravatiand its surrounding suburbs.The metro project is implemented by a special purpose vehicle named as, Amaravati Metro Rail Corporation.[158]Amaravati Metro Rail Corporation has been renamed as Andhra Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation Ltd after the Managing Director of AMRC suggested that it might be appropriate to change the name AMRC as APMRC so as to implement the Metro Projects in other parts of the State and the ruling government obliged.[159]

Air

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Vijayawada Airport

TheVijayawada Airport[160]atGannavaramprovides air connectivity to major metropolitan cities of the country.[161]On 3 May 2017, the airport was upgraded fromdomestictointernational.Currently, Air India, Jet Airways and Spice Jet are operating in the Vijayawada Airport.[162]International flights started from 4 December 2018 byIndigo AirlinestoSingapore.The international flights to Singapore stopped after 27 June 2019 because the State Government stoppedViability Gap Fundingin June 2019.[161]As of June 2019,it registered a domestic passenger movement growth rate of 70.0% with a total of 11 Lakh 92 Thousand Passengers in FY 19.[163]Aircraft movement recorded a growth of 65.0%.[164]

Education

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See also:List of educational institutions in Vijayawada-Guntur Region
NTR University of Health Sciences
Administrative office of V.R. Siddhartha Engineering College

The Primary and Secondary School Education is imparted by the Government, Aided and Private Schools, under the State School Education Department.[165][166]As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, the city has 133,837 students enrolled in 529 Schools.[167]The state andCBSEsyllabus are followed by schools for theSecondary School Certificate.[168][169]The languages of instruction are English, Urdu and Telugu.[170]

For10+2education, there are two government junior colleges, namely S.R.R. & C.V.R. Government College and Government Junior College (at Vinchipeta); a railway junior college; three co-operative, 12 private aided, including the oldest, S.R.R & C.V.R College (established in 1937),Andhra Loyola College(established in December 1953), Maria Stella College for Girls (established in 1962), K.B.N College (established in 1965),Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College(established in 1977), the oldest engineering college in Andhra Pradesh, and many private unaided colleges.[171]School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada(SPAV) was established in 2008, a higher education institute in Vijayawada. It is one of the three Schools of Planning and Architecture (SPAs) established by theMinistry of Human Resource Developmentin 2008 as an autonomous institute and a fully central funded institution.[citation needed]

The Sarvotthama Grandhalaya is a city library established on 30 March 1987. It serves an average daily readership of 200, equipped with 22,000 books related to many fields.[172]VMC & VBFS Research and Reference Library is a reader's room/library maintained by Vijayawada Book Festival Society.[173]

Media

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Main article:Media in Vijayawada

Visalaandhrawas the first newspaper in the state, started from Vijayawada.[174]As per the 58th annual report of Press India 2013–14, the large and medium Telugu daily publications from Vijayawada includeAndhra Jyothy,Eenadu,Sakshi,Suryaa,Andhra Prabha,Vaartha,Prajasakti,andUdaya Bharatam.The English publications areDeccan Chronicle,The Hindu,The Times of India,The Hans India,News Boom,The Fourth Voice,andViews Observer.[175]

TheAll India RadioVijayawada was commissioned on 1 December 1948.[176]Its building was named afterPingali Venkayya,the designer of theIndian flag.[177]The channels broadcast by All India Radio are Rainbow Krishnaveni FM,[177][178]Vividh Bharati.[179]Telugu Doordarshan Saptagiri is located here.

Sports

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Vijayawada PWD ground

Indira Gandhi Stadiumin the city is the headquarters of the Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh.[180]It hosted its only men'sOne Day International(ODI) on 24 November 2002, played betweenIndiaandWest Indies.[181]

The only women's ODI was hosted on 12 December 1997, played as a group match of1997 Women's Cricket World CupbetweenEngland women'sandPakistan women'steams.[182]Makineni Basavapunnaiah Stadium at Ajit Singh Nagar is another stadium that caters the sporting needs of the northern part of the city.[183]Indoor stadiums include Dandamudi Rajagopala Rao Indoor Stadium (DRRIS) at M. G.Road and Chennupati Ramakotaiah Indoor Stadium (CRIS) at Patamatalanka. The DRRIS was named after the formerweightlifter,Dandamudi Rajagopal Rao,who participated in the1951 Asian Gamesand the1956 Olympics.[184]The DRRIS hosted several national and international sporting events, such as the 79th Senior Badminton Champions.[185]

Andhra Cricket Association(ACA) International Cricket Stadium is being built on a 30-acre (12 ha) site atNavuluruvillage,Mangalagiri MandalofGuntur district,15 km (9.3 mi) from the city. It serves as the Andhra Cricket Association stadium.[186]Vijaya Madhavi Tennis Academy is in Loyola College. Loyola College Grounds hosted many national-level events which includes a Ranji match.[citation needed][187]

The Railway Sports Stadium, near the railway station, hosted several national level railway competitions such as bodybuilding competitions, Under-19Cricketchampionships and a few non-railway events. This stadium has a gallery facility of over 10,000 people. Makineni Basava Punnaiah stadium is another open stadium in the city. Dandamudi Rajagopal Rao Indoor Stadium is one of the notedBadmintonstadiums in Andhra Pradesh. It has hosted several national level Badminton andTable Tennischampionships.[188][189]

Awards

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The Swachh Survekashan 2021 has identified Vijayawada as the third cleanest city in the nation. In the category of cities with more than 10 lakh inhabitants, the city rose from sixth place in 2020 to third place this year. A five-star designation for "Garbage Free City" has also been given to Vijayawada.[190]Such a good ranking can be accredited to policy measures such as the introduction of waste disposal vehicles in the city byN. Chandrababu Naidu.[191]

Notable people

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Notable people born in, or associated with, the city include:

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Vijayawada Municipal Corporation
  2. ^Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority

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