William Rowen Granger(December 13, 1873 – April 24, 1925) was an American-born Canadian sports administrator and businessman. He served as president of theMontreal AAAfrom 1918 to 1920, oversaw the revival of the association's ice hockey, baseball and soccer teams after World War I, and previously served as president of the Montreal Lawn Bowling Club and the Montreal Bicycle Club. He helped establish the Province of Quebec Lawn Bowling Association and became its president in 1919. He also served as president of the Inter-Club Road Race Association of Montreal, helped organize the Cyclists' Rights Committee in Montreal, and was a director of theCanadian Wheelmen's Association.
W. R. Granger | |
---|---|
Born | William Rowen Granger December 13, 1873 |
Died | April 24, 1925 Westmount, Quebec,Canada | (aged 51)
Occupation | Businessman |
Known for | |
Father | A. O. Granger |
Granger was instrumental in founding theQuebec Amateur Hockey Association(QAHA) in 1919, and was its second president. He committed to amateurism in sport, to eliminate veiled professionalism, and standard registration cards with theAmateur Athletic Union of Canada.Granger and the QAHA were defendants in a court case that challenged the denial of an amateur registration card to a player who participated in semi-professional baseball prior to reaching theage of majority.The case necessitated QAHA constitutional changes, and that registration forms be printed in both English and French. He served as president of theCanadian Amateur Hockey Association(CAHA) for the 1921–22 season, established a national registry of players and a residency rule to restrict players from touring the country from team to team; began the practice of charging registration fees to provide income to branches of the CAHA, and collected a portion ofgate receiptsto assist weaker teams byrevenue sharing.
In business, Granger worked in importing and manufacturing, as the son of American industrialistA. O. Granger.Granger was a member of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association and the Canadian Association of British Manufacturers. He also served as president of the Montreal Winter Sports Association which aimed to attract tourists to Montreal and benefit local businesses.The Gazettewrote that Granger was "one of Montreal's most popular businessmen", that he was respected for his opinions, and that his funeral was reported to be one of the largest ever known in Montreal.[1][2]
Early life and family
editWilliam Rowen Granger was born inBethlehem, Pennsylvaniaon December 13, 1873, to parentsArthur Otis Grangerand Caroline Dickson Gregory.[1][3]A. O. Granger served as the private secretary to GeneralWilliam Tecumseh Shermanduring theAmerican Civil War,then became an industrialist in the United States and Canada.[3][4]W. R. Granger married Ida Glassford with whom he had two daughters,[5]and became a naturalized Canadian citizen after he moved toMontrealin autumn 1892.[1]
During the 1890s and early 1900s, Granger was the general manager and secretary for the AuerIncandescent LightManufacturing Company, while his father served as the company's president.[6]Granger joined Glassford Brothers Limitedc. 1905,[1]an importing and manufacturing company founded and presided over by his father-in-law, Hugh Glassford.[7]
Montreal AAA
editBicycling
editGranger became a member of theMontreal AAA(Amateur Athletic Association) and the Montreal Bicycle Club during the 1890s.[8]He was an umpire and starter for the club's road races,[9]and was elected to its governing committee in 1897.[10]He was named to the Montreal AAA board of directors to represent the bicycle club in 1897,[11]and was chairman of both the Montreal AAA grounds committee and the Montreal Bicycle Club in 1899 and 1900.[12]
Granger was elected president of the Inter-Club Road Race Association of Montreal in August 1897, and presided over the road race board for Districts 10 and 11 of theCanadian Wheelmen's Association(CWA).[13]He sought to maintain the ideals of amateur competitions, and cautioned that cyclists could be suspended from amateur status by racing against professionals or in events not sanctioned by the CWA.[14]In January 1898, he assisted in organizing the Cyclists' Rights Committee to liaise withMontreal City Council.[15]Two months later, the city's bicycle clubs mutually agreed to support and subscribe to using theQueen's Park bicycle trackwhich was constructed in time for the season's races.[16]Granger was elected to the CWA board of directors in February 1899,[17]in advance of Montreal hosting the1899 World's Meetat Queen's Park.[18]
Lawn bowling
editGranger was elected to the Montreal AAALawn BowlingClub committee in November 1909,[19]and was theskipof his own rink throughout the 1910s and 1920s.[20]He became vice-president of the club in March 1911, and arranged for a full-time groundskeeper for the club'sbowling green.[21]He served as president of the club from October 1911 to November 1913,[22]and partnered with D. J. H. Murdoch to donate the Murdoch and Granger Cup awarded for the club's season champions in doubles competition.[23]After his presidency, Granger remained involved on the executive and oversaw the greens committee.[24]
Granger and the club hosted the meeting in April 1914, when the Montreal and District Lawn Bowling League was renamed to theProvince of Quebec Lawn Bowling Association(PQLBA), drafted a new constitution, became the eastern section of theDominion Lawn Bowling Association,and standardized its rules of play to be similar to those used in Ontario.[25]Granger served as the secretary-treasurer of the PQLBA from 1914 to 1918,[26]helped establish an annual singles competition as of the 1915 season, and proposed for an annual tournament with the Eastern Ontario Lawn Bowling Association to alternate between Montreal and Ottawa.[27]He was elected vice-president of the PQLBA in December 1918,[28]then became its president in October 1919.[29]Under his leadership, the PQLBA began hosting an open-competition tournament in 1920, with divisions for singles and doubles welcomed from all lawn bowling clubs in Canada.[30]
Executive member
editGranger was elected to the Montreal AAA executive in May 1915, and was chairman of the clubhouse committee.[31]Later in the same year, he was delegated to represent the association's interests at the meetings for the Quebec branch of theAmateur Athletic Union of Canada(AAU of C).[32]The Montreal AAA loaned its facilities to theCanadian Armyfor training duringWorld War I,and Granger co-ordinated fundraising efforts for theCanadian Red Cross.[33]
The Montreal AAA elected Granger as vice-president and named him to the finance committee in 1916.[34]He served two years as president from 1918 to 1920,[35]and hostedThe Prince of Walesat the clubhouse on a royal visit in November 1919.[36]By the end of World War I, Granger had overseen the revival of the association's ice hockey, baseball and soccer teams; and hoped to restart the lacrosse team, establish a trapshooting club, and erect a memorial for members who died serving in the war.[37]He was made a life member of the Montreal AAA after his two years as president.[1]
Ice hockey administrator
edit1918–19 season
editGranger oversaw the assembly of a hockey team by the Montreal AAA for the 1918–19 season, the resumption of playing in theMontreal City Amateur Hockey Leagueafter a three-year hiatus, and was committed to affiliating with the AAU of C.[38]The Montreal City Amateur Hockey League declined offers to amalgamate with another league or become professional, drew up a schedule to play at theVictoria Skating Rink,and passed a resolution that all of its teams must be amateurs and affiliate with the AAU of C.[39]
TheQuebec Amateur Hockey Association(QAHA) was founded in Montreal on January 19, 1919, withHartland MacDougallelected as president and Granger as the vice-president. The new group was formed to govern amateur hockey in Montreal and the Province Quebec, and affiliated with theCanadian Amateur Hockey Association(CAHA). Registration cards became required to certify a player's amateur status as governed by the AAU of C, and prevented the mingling of amateurs and professionals in hockey. The Interscholastic Hockey League joined the Montreal City Amateur Hockey League under the jurisdiction of the QAHA and became eligible for theAllan Cupplayoffs as thesenior ice hockeychampions of Canada, and theJunior Amateur Hockey Associationalso joined the QAHA and became eligible for theMemorial Cupplayoffs as thejunior ice hockeychampions of Canada.[40]
The Gazettecredited Granger for being instrumental in founding the QAHA, fighting to maintain amateurism and for allowing hockey to thrive in Quebec.[1]The establishment of the QAHA protected its leagues from the loss of players to the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association, from which the Montreal City Amateur Hockey League had resigned during World War I in a dispute that the association operated under veiled professionalism. Granger warned that anyone playing against professionals would jeopardize their amateur status, and that the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association had never affiliated with the QAHA or the CAHA.[41]
1919–20 season
editGranger was elected vice-president of the CAHA for the 1919–20 season. The CAHA adopted uniformice hockey rulesof play for the Allan Cup competition, excluded teams sponsored by commercial organizations from the national playoffs for senior hockey, and sought an alliance with theUnited States Amateur Hockey Association(USAHA) to allow international amateur games. The CAHA assumed control of the Memorial Cup playoffs and implemented the age limit in junior hockey as used byOntario Hockey Association.[42]
The Montreal City Amateur Hockey League admitted three new clubs and scheduled its games and practices at the newly constructedMount Royal Arena.With the growth of amateur hockey, Granger recommended accommodating new teams by establishing an intermediate division at a level between senior and junior hockey.[43]
Granger was elected president of the QAHA on December 8, 1919, and continued his campaign to clean up amateur hockey and expand the influence of the CAHA when he welcomed the Ottawa Amateur Federation into an affiliation with the QAHA.[42][44]The affiliation settled the differences between multiple leagues in Ottawa now unified under the same jurisdiction. The QAHA implemented standard rules to rid its leagues of unsporting physical play, and grew with the additions of the Montreal City Amateur Intermediate League and the Bankers League of Montreal.[44]With the intent to stabilize rosters for the playoffs, Granger enforced a deadline of January 31 where teams could mutually agree to allow players to transfer from one team to another.[45]
1920–21 season
editThe CAHA elected a new executive committee, andThunder Bay Amateur Hockey AssociationpresidentH. J. Sterlingtook charge for the 1920–21 season.[46]In May 1920, Granger helped arrange a welcome home reception in Montreal for theWinnipeg Falconswho won the gold medal representing Canada inice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics.[47]
Granger was re-elected president of the QAHA in December 1920, and named chairman of the registration committee. The Ottawa Amateur Federation left the QAHA when it was granted branch status in the CAHA as theOttawa and District Amateur Hockey Association.Despite the loss of the Ottawa teams, the QAHA grew by accepting three new leagues based in Montreal, the Montreal Independent Intermediate Hockey League, the Pulp and Paper Company League, and the Montreal Industrial League; and expected applications from the Quebec City Intermediate League and the Quebec City Junior League, in addition to the existing Quebec City Senior League.[48]
Dufresne v. Quebec Amateur Hockey Association
editIn March 1921, the QAHA registration committee listened to an appeal by George Dufresne for an amateur card which he had been refused. Dufresne admitted that he had played semi-professional baseball, had not applied for reinstatement as an amateur after a previous suspension, and argued that he should be reinstated as an amateur since he had not reached theage of majoritywhen the incident occurred. Granger and the committee declined the appeal and stated that the decision was final as per the constitution of the CAHA.[49]
Dufresne filed legal action seeking a writ ofmandamusto be issued an amateur card.Respondentsto the case included the highest officials in amateur sport in Quebec, andThe Gazettespeculated that the outcome may affect the status of amateur sport across Canada. JusticeLouis Coderrepresided over the case, and felt it was unreasonable that a boy who wanted to play a game would forfeit amateur status forever in any sport, not just ice hockey.[50]
Counsel for Dufresne felt that the QAHA had discriminated by predetermining the outcome against Dufresne, and that Granger had a conflict of interest by being chairman of the registration committee and presenting evidence against Dufresne.[50][51]Counsel accused that the committee of knowingly approved amateur cards to professional players, and argued that bank clerks in Montreal who were good hockey players earnedC$75 per week, compared to other clerks who earned $30 per week and did not play hockey.[51][52]Granger testified that the committee had never knowingly allowed any professional to play, and opined that a minor who was able to play with or against professionals was also mature enough to be aware of the consequences.[51][52]
Dufresne testified that he was young and inexperienced at the time, did not know that he was playing with professionals, and that the compensation given to him had not covered his travel expenses to the games. He admitted that the committee's decision had been correct to refuse him an amateur card and withdrew the court case. He agreed to abide by amateur regulations henceforth and requested a new hearing. Granger and the QAHA registration committee agreed to give Dufresne a fresh start and issued him an amateur card.[53]
1921–22 season
editThe CAHA unanimously elected Granger its president on March 19, 1921.[54]He sought to rid Canadian amateur hockey of veiled professionalism, and was appointed by the AAU of C to an independent commission to investigate the amateur status of all players across the country.[54][55]He remained president of the QAHA, and called a special meeting in April 1921 to discuss incorporation into the CAHA and revisions to the QAHA constitution necessitated by the Dufresne court action. Granger welcomed recommendations from members of the association and sought to have the constitution and registration forms printed in both English and French.[56]Commercial leagues in Montreal gave Granger a vote of confidence and agreed that professionals in another sport should be excluded from amateur hockey.[57]
Granger toured Canada to speak with hockey executives during the summer in 1921, which led to suggestions to improve amateur hockey at the local and national levels. He recommended that branches of the CAHA update their by-laws to give executives the necessary to powers to enforce regulations, investigate amateur status, to charge service fees registration and transfers, and have access to financial statements from teams and rinks to collect a portion ofgate receiptsand assist weaker teams byrevenue sharing.He felt that teams should be controlled by a public athletic organization instead of an individual, and that a CAHA branch should associate itself with men who would uphold the principles of amateurism.[58]He wanted all registration forms to include the complete AAU of C definition of an amateur, to restrict players to only being on teams where they resided, and to establish a national registry of players.[58]
Granger called a meeting of CAHA branch presidents in October 1921, to discuss his recommendations and the findings of the independent commission.[59]The CAHA empowered the president to conduct votes by mail or telegraph as necessary, permitted access to teams' financial statements, and established a national registration committee withW. A. Hewittas the registrar. The new committee included the president, registrar, and two members each from Eastern and Western Canada; and aimed to investigate all registrations to exclude professionals and reduce the number of players touring Canada from one team to another.[60]As of the 1922–23 season, the CAHA enforced a deadline of August 1 to establish residency where a player wanted to join a local team.[60][61]Granger also wanted to eliminate Canadian players touring to American-based teams for a season, and stated that the registration committee would deny transfer requests for a USAHA registration.[62]
At the QAHA general meeting in December 1921, Granger recommended revisions to the constitution to improve finances and ensure amateur player registrations, and retired as president because he held the same position with the CAHA.[63]The QAHA approved his recommendations to automatically suspend any player who filed legal action, to compel players to accept rulings of the registration committee unless an appeal was heard by the CAHA, and to charge registration fees to senior players and annual dues to leagues to help fund the QAHA.[64]
Granger oversaw the1922 Allan Cupfinal series between theToronto Granitesand theRegina Victoriashosted in Toronto. Despite that it had been a recurring practice for each team to choose one of the twoon-ice officialsfor the series, Granger scheduled two referees from Montreal when the Granites protested the referee chosen from Western Canada. Discussion ensued at the CAHA annual meeting being hosted in Toronto at the same time as the series, and a vote of the branch presidents confirmed that the practice of one referee each from Eastern and Western Canada should be used.[65]The CAHA also decided that Eastern and Western Canada should take turns hosting the final series for the Allan Cup and the Memorial Cup, the location of the annual meeting, and who named the president for the season. The CAHA also approved that the reigning Allan Cup champions could challenge for theHamilton B. Wills Trophyas an international series with the amateur champions of the USAHA.[66]
1922 to 1924
editToby Sexsmithfrom theManitoba Amateur Hockey Associationwas elected the new CAHA president in March 1922. Granger remained on the CAHA executive for two years as the honorary president, and was named to the affiliation and alliances committee of the AAU of C.[67][68]The CAHA recognized Granger's contributions to national hockey when it established the practice of awarding gold medals to its past presidents in March 1924.[69]
In April 1924, the QAHA proposed to change its structure to be more similar to the Ontario Hockey Association, where clubs affiliated directly with the association instead of as a members of a league. The QAHA felt that the calibre of play was reduced when leagues competed against each other for players, and that clubs would better develop talent by eliminating the struggle to find players. Granger sat on the committee to draft revisions to the constitution which protected existing clubs from the competition for players by giving clubs the right to decide whether there was enough talent for new clubs to be established in any given area.[70]
Later life and legacy
editAs a member of theCanadian Manufacturers' Associationin 1920, Granger voiced opposition to the existingluxury taxand recommended that theGovernment of Quebecreplace it with asales tax.[71]He also wanted to see legislation which marked thecountry of originof imported goods, and determined which goods qualified for preferential tariffs as a British import.[72]The association appointed him to its municipal affairs committee to liaise with city councils in theGreater Montrealarea.[73]He was elected to the council for theCanadian Association of British Manufacturersin January 1924.[74]The association sought to lower tariffs on imported British goods, but Granger felt that it would be best to advocate forprotectionisminstead.[75]He became president of Glassford Brothers Limited after the death of his father-in-law in March 1924.[1][7]
Officers of several sporting organizations formed the Montreal Winter Sports Association in March 1922, and Granger was named to its committee which aimed to attract tourists to Montreal and benefit local businesses. The association sought a resurrection of theMontreal Winter Carnivalsby the co-ordination of sports programs and advertising. Granger suggested to host international hockey matches as part of the event.[76]A beauty pageant became part of the Winter Carnival, and Granger was one the judges to choose Montreal's contestant to compete for theMiss Canadatitle.[77]He was elected president of the association in June 1924, and oversaw a campaign during the summer to promote winter sports to American tourists.[78]
Granger was elected president of the Westmount Municipal Association in February 1924, represented the community's concerns atWestmount City Hallmeetings, and was opposed to the annexation ofWestmountby Montreal. The association also sought to avoid service cuts tostreetcars in Montreal,and to build an armory for the 1st Westmount Battalion ofThe Royal Montreal Regiment.[79]He resigned as president in autumn 1924 due to illness.[1]
Confined to home for most of the winter, Granger died from heart failure on April 24, 1925, at his residence in Westmount.[1]The Gazettedescribed Granger as "having the gift of making friends in all walks of life in business as in sport", respected for his opinions as a frequent speaker at sport association meetings, and was "one of Montreal's most popular businessmen".[1]The Montreal AAA halted all activities at its clubhouse during a memorial service at Granger's residence, which was reported byThe Gazetteto be one of the largest funerals ever known in Montreal. His remains were cremated atMount Royal Cemetery.[2]
The Montreal AAA Lawn Bowling Club posthumously honoured Granger in September 1925, with the establishment of the W. R. Granger Memorial Trophy for doubles competition.[80]
References
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- ^"Judges' Committee Enters Upon Task".The Gazette.Montreal, Quebec. January 30, 1923. p. 5.
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- ^"Westmount Still Fears Annexation".The Gazette.Montreal, Quebec. February 5, 1924. p. 9.
- ^"W. R. Granger Memorial".The Gazette.Montreal, Quebec. September 16, 1925. p. 14.