Wastewater(orwaste water) is water generated after the use offreshwater,raw water,drinking waterorsaline waterin a variety of deliberate applications or processes.[1]: 1 Another definition of wastewater is "Used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff / storm water, and anysewer inflow or sewer infiltration".[2]: 175 In everyday usage, wastewater is commonly a synonym forsewage(also called domestic wastewater or municipal wastewater), which is wastewater that is produced by a community of people.
As a generic term, wastewater may also describe water containing contaminants accumulated in other settings, such as:
- Industrial wastewater:waterborne waste generated from a variety of industrial processes, such as manufacturing operations, mineral extraction, power generation, or water andwastewater treatment.
- Cooling water,is released with potential thermal pollution after use to condense steam or reduce machinery temperatures by conduction or evaporation.
- Leachate:precipitation containing pollutants dissolved while percolating through ores, raw materials, products, or solid waste.
- Return flow:the flow of water carrying suspended soil, pesticide residues, or dissolved minerals and nutrients from irrigatedcropland.
- Surface runoff:the flow of water occurring on the ground surface when excessrainwater,stormwater,meltwater,or other sources, can no longer sufficiently rapidly infiltrate thesoil.
- Urban runoff,including water used for outdoor cleaning activity and landscape irrigation in densely populated areas created byurbanization.
- Agricultural wastewater:animal husbandrywastewater generated fromconfined animaloperations.
References
edit- ^Tchobanoglous, George; Burton, Franklin L.; Stensel, H. David; Metcalf & Eddy (2003).Wastewater engineering: treatment and reuse(4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.ISBN0-07-041878-0.OCLC48053912.
- ^Tilley, E.; Ulrich, L.; Lüthi, C.; Reymond, Ph.; Zurbrügg, C. (2014).Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies –(2nd Revised ed.).Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology(Eawag), Duebendorf, Switzerland.ISBN978-3-906484-57-0.Archivedfrom the original on 8 April 2016.
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