Wesel

For other uses, seeWesel (disambiguation).

Wesel(German pronunciation:[ˈveːzl̩]) is a city inNorth Rhine-Westphalia,Germany.It is the capital of theWesel district.

Wesel
Town
Willibrordi-Dom in Wesel. The cathedral, dedicated toSt Willibrord,has been restored after wartime bombing.
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Wesel within Wesel district
Wesel Wesel
Coordinates:51°39′31″N6°37′4″E
Country	Germany
State	North Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. region	Düsseldorf
District	Wesel
Subdivisions	5
Government
•Mayor(2020–25)	Ulrike Westkamp(SPD)
Area
• Total	122.617 km2(47.343 sq mi)
Elevation	23 m (75 ft)
Population (2023-12-31)
• Total	61,277
• Density	500/km2(1,300/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00(CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00(CEST)
Postal codes	46483, 46485, 46487
Dialling codes	02 81 0 28 03 (Büderich) 0 28 59 (Bislich)
Vehicle registration	WES, DIN, MO
Website	www.wesel.de

Geography

Wesel is situated at the confluence of theLippe Riverand theRhine.

Division of the city

Suburbs of Wesel include Lackhausen, Obrighoven, Ginderich, Feldmark, Fusternberg, Büderich, Flüren and Blumenkamp.

History

Origin

The city originated from aFranconianmanor that was first recorded in the 8th century. In the 12th century, the Duke of Clèves took possession of Wesel. The city became a member of theHanseatic Leagueduring the 15th century. Wesel was second only toColognein the lower Rhine region as anentrepôt.It was an important commercial centre: a clearing station for thetransshipmentand trading of goods.

Early modern

Wesel in the 16th century

In 1590 the Spanish captured Wesel after a four-year siege. The city changed hands between the Dutch and Spanish several times during theEighty Years War.In 1672 a French force underLouis II de Bourbon,Prince de Condécaptured the city. Wesel was inherited by theHohenzollernsof theMargraviate of Brandenburgin 1609 but they were unable to take control of Wesel until theTreaty of Nijmegenin 1678. Although the city had been heavily fortified the Prussians evacuated the city during theSeven Years' Warand it was occupied by the French. It was returned to Prussia at the end of the war.Friedrich Wilhelm von Dossowwas thePrussianGovernor of Wesel during the 18th century. Wesel was ceded to the French in 1805 under theTreaty of Schönbrunn.The French heavily fortified the city constructing a rectangular fort called the Citadelle Napoleon atBüderichand the Citadelle Bonaparte on an island in theRhineoff Wesel. Though blockaded by the Allies in 1813 the city remained in French hands until after the Battle of Waterloo. After theNapoleonic Warsof the early 19th century, the city became part of the PrussianRhine Provinceand the Citadelle Napoleon was renamed Fort Blücher.

World War II

97% of Wesel was destroyed before it was finally taken byAllied troopsin 1945.

DuringWorld War II,as a strategicdepot,Wesel became a targetofAlliedbombing. Air raids, using impact and air-burst bombs, on 16, 17, 18 and 19 February 1945, destroyed 97% of the town. TheWehrmachtblew up bridges along the Rhine and Lippe to prevent Allied forces from advancing. The Wehrmacht also destroyed the 1,950m-longrailwaybridge, the last Rhine bridge remaining in German hands, on 10 March. On 23 March, Wesel came under the fire of over 3,000 guns when it was bombarded anew, in preparation forOperation Plunder.The shelling was assisted by a raid ofRAFbombers and a larger raid that night, during which ten individual bombers each dropped a 10,000 kg bomb on Wesel at 2100 hours. Before the town was finally taken by Allied troops, 97% of its structures were destroyed. In the ensuing attacks by Allied forces, the town was taken with minimal casualties.Operation Varsity– the largest airborne landings of the war – dropped 18,000 troops into the area to take the hills behind Wesel. The British1st Commando Brigadewas already attacking Wesel, carried into action byLVTBuffalos. The remainder of the Allied force crossed the Rhine in more amphibious vehicles.

From almost 25,000 in 1939, the population was reduced to 1,900 by May 1945.In 1946 Wesel became part of the new stateNorth Rhine-WestphaliaofWest Germany.

Politics

Wesel's mayors:

• 1808–1814: Johann Hermann Westermann
• 1814–1840: Christian Adolphi
• 1841–1862: Franz Luck
• 1863–1870: Wilhelm Otto van Calker
• 1870–1873: Heinrich Bang
• 1873–1881: Carl Friedrich August von Albert
• 1881–1891: Caspar Baur
• 1891–1902: Josef Fluthgraf (1896 Oberbürgermeister)
• 1903–1931: Ludwig Poppelbaum
• 1931–1933: Emil Nohl
• 1933–1945: Otto Borgers

Since 1945:

• 1945: Jean Groos
• 1945: Wilhelm Groos
• 1946–1947: Anton Ebert (CDU)
• 1947–1948: Paul Körner (CDU)
• 1948–1952: Ewald Fournell (CDU)
• 1952–1956: Helmut Berckel (CDU)
• 1956–1966: Kurt Kräcker (SPD)
• 1967–1969: Willi Nakaten (SPD)
• 1969–1979: Günther Detert (CDU)
• 1979–1984: Wilhelm Schneider (SPD)
• 1984–1989: Volker Haubitz (CDU)
• 1989–1994: Wilhelm Schneider (SPD)
• 1994–1999: Bernhard Gründken (SPD)
• 1999–2004: Jörn Schroh (CDU)
• since 2004: Ulrike Westkamp (SPD)

Twin towns – sister cities

See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Wesel istwinnedwith:

• Hagerstown,United States (1952)
• Felixstowe,England (1972)
• Salzwedel,Germany (1990)
• Kętrzyn,Poland (2002)

Transport

There is arailway stationin the city centre as well asWesel-Feldmark,about 2 km north. The stations are served by trains toOberhausen,Duisburg,Düsseldorf,Cologne,Arnhem(Netherlands), andMönchengladbach.A small diesel-only connecting railway line goes toBocholtalso, there are plans to electrify it.

Buildings and places of interest

• Berliner Tor, city gate
• Willibrordi-Dom (Cathedral). Commemorative plaque forPeter Minuit,Gründer vonNew York(founder ofNew York)
• Zitadelle Wesel(Citadel)
• Restored 15th century city hall
• Broadcasting Mast Wesel,one of Germany's tallest constructions
• Niederrheinbrücke Wesel, modern Rhine bridge opened in 2009
• Auesee,an artificial bathing lake

Notable people

Konrad Duden, author of the firstDuden

• Derick Baegert(1440–after 1509), painter
• Andreas Wytinck van Wesel, orAndreas Vesalius,anatomist, imperial physician to the court of Emperor Charles V
• Jan Joest(1455–1519), painter
• Hermann Wesel(† 1563), lastBishop of Dorpat
• Hans Lippershey(1550–1619), eyeglass maker associated with the invention of thetelescope
• Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby(1555–1601), English diplomat and soldier
• Carl Philipp, Reichsgraf von Wylich und Lottum(1650–1719), Prussian field marshal
• Peter Minuit(1594–1638), founder ofNew Amsterdam,which later becameNew York City
• Johann Friedrich Welsch (1796–1871), painter
• Konrad Duden(1829–1911), author of the firstDuden
• Ludwig Hugo Becker(1833–1868), painter
• Friedrich Geselschap(1835–1898), painter
• Richard Veenfliet(1843–1922), painter and soldier
• Ida Tacke(1896–1978), co-discoverer of the chemical elementsrheniumandtechnetium
• Joachim von Ribbentrop(1893–1946), foreign minister ofNazi Germany(1938–1945)
• Jan Hofer(born 1950), journalist and television presenter
• Dieter Nuhr(born 1960), comedian
• Martin Bambauer(born 1970), church musician
• Raimund Berens,film producer

Miscellaneous

One of Germany's highestradio mastsis situated in the district of Büderich on the left bank of the Rhine. TheWesel transmittermeasures 320.8 metres in height.

See also

• Wesel Railway Bridge

Books

• Jutta Prieur (Hrsg.):Geschichte der Stadt Wesel: Beiträge zur Stadtgeschichte der frühen Neuzeit(= Studien und Quellen zur Geschichte von Wesel 20). Stadtarchiv, Wesel 1998,ISBN3-924380-15-5
• Daniel Vasta (Hrsg.):Wesel – Hansestadt am Niederrhein: Beiträge zum zeitgenössischen Geschehen(= Bilder von Menschen, Land und Leuten, Wesel 2009). Sutton Verlag, Wesel 2009,ISBN3-86680-568-3
• Martin W. Roelen (Hrsg.):Ecclesia Wesele: Beiträge zur Ortsnamenforschung und Kirchengeschichte(= Studien und Quellen zur Geschichte von Wesel 28). Stadtarchiv, Wesel 2005,ISBN3-924380-23-6

External links

• Official website(in German)