Wikipedia

Whitbread

This article is about the company. For other uses, seeWhitbread (disambiguation).

Whitbreadis a Britishmultinationalhotelandrestaurantcompany headquartered inHoughton Regis,England. The business was founded as abreweryin 1742 bySamuel Whitbreadin partnership with Godfrey and Thomas Shewell, with premises in London at the junction ofOld Streetand UpperWhitecross Street,along with a brewery inBrick Lane,Spitalfields.Samuel Whitbread bought out his partners, expanding intoporterproduction with the purchase of a brewery inChiswell Street,and the company had become the largest brewery in the world by the 1780s.[4]

Whitbread plc
FormerlyWhitbread Holdings (2000–2001)[1]
Company typePublic limited company
LSE:WTB
FTSE 100 Component
Industry
Founded1742;282 years ago(1742)inLondon,England
FounderSamuel Whitbread
HeadquartersHoughton Regis,England, UK
Area served
  • United Kingdom
  • United Arab Emirates
  • Ireland
  • India
  • Germany
Key people
RevenueIncrease£2,625.2 million (2023)[2]
Increase£543.5 million (2023)[2]
Increase£278.8 million (2023)[2]
Number of employees
40,000 (2024)[3]
Divisions
Websitewww.whitbread.co.uk

Its largest division is currentlyPremier Inn,which is the largest hotel brand in the UK with over 785 hotels and 72,000 rooms. Until January 2019 it ownedCosta Coffeebut sold it toThe Coca-Cola Company.Whitbread's brands include the restaurant chainsBeefeater,Brewers Fayreand Table Table.[5]

Whitbread is listed on theLondon Stock Exchangeand is a constituent of theFTSE 100 Index.

History

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Chiswell Street brewery in 1792

Origins

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The business was formed in 1742 whenSamuel Whitbreadformed a partnership with Godfrey and Thomas Shewell. They acquired a small brewery at the junction ofOld Streetand UpperWhitecross Street,along with a brewery inBrick Lane,Spitalfields,which was used for brewing pale and amber beers.[6]Godfrey Shewell withdrew from the partnership as Thomas Shewell and Samuel Whitbread bought the large site of the derelict King's Head brewery inChiswell Streetin 1750.[6][7]The new brewery was for the specific production ofporter,and was renamed the Hind Brewery after the Whitbread familycoat of arms.[6][8]

While not the first to brew porter, Whitbread was the first to exploit it commercially on a large scale.[8]This coincided with an increase in beer consumption in the UK, following regulations to limit the sale of gin owing to the excesses of theGin Craze.[8]By 1758 production at Chiswell street was 65,000 barrels and the firm had become the largest firm of porter brewers in the UK.[8]From the outset, Whitbread was the leading financial partner, and solely responsible for management, and in 1761, Whitbread acquired Shewell's share of the business for £30,000.[6]

By the 1780s Whitbread had become the largest brewery in the world.[9][4]In 1796 the company produced 202,000 barrels of porter.[6]The firm struggled after the death of Samuel Whitbread Sr, and saw ownership transfer to his son, also calledSamuel Whitbread.[9]The company adopted the nameWhitbread & Co Ltdin 1799.[10]

By the 1810s, Samuel Whitbread Jnr had brought in several new investment partners including his cousin Jacob Whitbread and the Master Brewer John Martineau (four of his descendants would later sit on the board of Whitbread, includingJohn Edmund Martineau).[11]In 1812, the company merged with the Martineau Brewery holdings and by 1816, leadership was shared between William Henry Whitbread (Samuel Whitbread Jnrs son) and John Martineau, who died in an industrial accident in a yeast vat in the brewery in 1834.[12]By 1870, the company had begun producing bottled beers for sale and continued to expand production. On 24th July 1889, the company became a registered limited liability company.[13]

20th century

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The 1985–86 Whitbread Round the World Race

By 1905, the Chiswell Street brewery reached its largest extent and annual production throughout the company breweries had reached nearly 700,000 barrels.[14]Production decreased during theFirst World Warwith Whitbread brewing over 575,000 barrels in 1917.[15]

In the 1920s and 1930s, the company bought out several other brewers, including the Forest Hill Brewery and its pubs, and later the Kent Brewery Frederick Leney & Sons, with 130 of its pubs.[14]The company was also reorganised under the leadership of Sir Sydney Neville and introduced new ales, including Double Brown ale.[16]Whitbread ended regular production of porter in 1940 due to its declining popularity and a need to rationalise its product range followingSecond World Wardamage to its brewery sites.[17]565 Whitbread pubs were also extensively damaged in the war, primarily during theBlitz.[18]

The company was first listed on theLondon Stock Exchangein 1948 following a decision by the principal owners to take the company public under the direction of WH (Bill) Whitbread.[9][19]The next three decades saw Whitbreads merged with over a dozen other regional breweries, including Tennant Brothers of Sheffield in 1961 andBrickwoodsin 1971.[20]Between 1961 and 1971, Whitbread's output increased from 46 to 160 million imperial gallons (2.1 to 7.4 million hectolitres) and it became Britain's third-largest brewer by output.[21]

In 1971, Whitbread inaugurated theWhitbread Book Awards.[22]The next year, Whitbread became the initiating sponsor of theWhitbread Round the World Race,a sailing yacht racearound the worldheld every three years. Whitbread sponsored the race until 2001.[23]In 1973, the company purchased Long John International, a Scottish distiller whose brands includedLaphroaig whiskyand Plymouth gin.[24]Later spirit acquisitions, also included the distiller James Burrough and the brandBeefeater Ginwhich was later sold.[25]

Whitbread acquired a 20% stake inTVSfor £6.5M from European ferries in April 1984.[26]By 1982, the company turnover exceeded £1 billion for the first time.[24]In 1984,Samuel Charles Whitbreadbecame chairman and a reorganisation of the company took place into separate divisions; the spirits arm, including Laphroaig was sold toAllied Distillersin 1989.[27][28]

The company diversified into other hospitality holdings and invested in new ventures in the 1980s and 1990s, including Beefeater, Pizza Hut, Berni Inns, Heineken Steak Bars and TGI Fridays.[29]In the early 1990s, Whitbread was required to sell almost 2,500 pubs, as a result of the1992 Supply of Beer (Tied Estate) orders.[30]

In July 1996, Whitbread purchased the Pelican Group (comprising 110 restaurants under the Dôme, Mamma Amalfi and, primarily,Café Rougebrands) for £133m,[31]and in November 1996, Whitbread acquired the restaurant group BrightReasons (owner of brands includingBella PastaandPizzaland) for £46m.[32]

21st century

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The former stables of the Chiswell Street Whitbread Brewery in London (erected 1897)

In 2001, Whitbread decided to sell all its breweries and brewing interests (Whitbread Beer Company) to Interbrew, now known asInBev.[10]Whitbread-branded alcoholic beverages are still available in the UK, such as canned Whitbread bitter, but these are not produced by InBev, but rather under licence by other producers. InBev controls the use of the Whitbread brand and the hind's head logo for use on beverages. In 2002 Whitbread sold its pub estate, known as the Laurel Pub Company, toEnterprise Inns,[33]and sold its Pelican and BrightReasons restaurant groups for £25m to Tragus Holdings[34](later renamedCasual Dining Group). The Whitbread & Co brewery building at 52 Chiswell Street in London still survives, although beer ceased to be brewed there in 1976[9]and it is now a conference and events venue. Still named "The Brewery", it was part of the Earls Court and Olympia Group from 2005 to 2012, when it was subsequently sold to a private investor.[35]

In 2005, it moved its core operations fromCityPointin central London, to Oakley House inLuton,[36]and then, in 2006, to larger offices at Whitbread Court inDunstable.[37]In 2006, it went on to sell 239 of its 271 Beefeater and Brewers Fayre sites toMitchells & Butlers,who rebranded them intoHarvester,Toby Carveryand a selection of other brands.[38]

In 2013, as part of the2013 horse meat scandal,DNA tests ordered by Whitbread revealed that horsemeat was present in some meat products sold in outlets owned by the company, at the time Britain's biggest hotel group.[39][40]On 26 February 2013 Whitbread vowed to remedy the unacceptable situation.[41]

In 2018, Whitbread faced pressure from two of its largest shareholders, hedge fundSachem Headand activist group Elliott Advisers, to break itself up by splitting off the Costa Coffee chain, the theory being the individual businesses would be worth up to 40% more than the current market capital value.[42]On 25 April 2018, Whitbread announced its intention to demerge Costa.[43]On 31 August 2018, it announced thatThe Coca-Cola Companyhad agreed to buy Costa Coffee for £3.9bn.[44]

In September 2020, the company announced that they would be cutting jobs, warning that 6,000 staff could lose employment. The company blamed the cuts on a slump in hotel guest numbers since the beginning of the UK'slockdownin response to theCOVID-19 pandemic.[45]

Current operations

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Whitbread's principal current operations are:

A Premier Inn inCrawley

Premier Inn

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Main article:Premier Inn

Premier Inn is the UK's largest budget hotel chain, with over 750 hotels.[46]

Table Table

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Table Table is a UK restaurant brand. They started as converted Brewers Fayre restaurants. The brand was originally set up in 2006 unnamed; the name Table Table was launched in May 2008. There are around 100 sites in the UK.[47]

Beefeater

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Main article:Beefeater (restaurant)

Beefeater was launched in 1974. The chain underwent a huge revamp in the early 2000s. It then proceeded to change its name to "Beefeater Grill" for a period but in 2014 reverted to "Beefeater". Beefeater has 140 restaurants across the UK.[48]In April 2024 Whitbread announced plans to sell 126 unprofitable Beefeater and Brewers Fayre restaurants. It also set out plans to close a further 112 restaurants and convert them into more hotel rooms.[49]

Brewers Fayre

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Brewer's Fayre, Royal Quay,North Shields
Main article:Brewers Fayre

Brewers Fayre is a pub-restaurant brand which was created in 1979. The pubs are designed to look and feel like traditional local pubs but with a particularly strong family presence. There are around 145 pubs across the country.[50]In April 2024 Whitbread announced plans to sell 126 unprofitable Beefeater and Brewers Fayre restaurants. It also set out plans to close a further 112 restaurants and convert them into more hotel rooms.[51]

Whitbread Inns

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The Whitbread Inns brand of restaurants was created by Whitbread in 2014. In January 2016 there were 13 pubs (all of which were Table Table) across central and southern England.[52]

Former operations

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Whitbread's former operations include:

  • Costa Coffee,was founded in London in 1971 by the brothers Sergio and Bruno Costa as a wholesale operation supplying roasted coffee to caterers and specialist Italian coffee shops. Acquired by Whitbread in 1995, it had since grown to over 2,861 stores across 30 countries.[53]In August 2018, Whitbread announced that it would sell Costa Coffee toThe Coca-Cola Companyin a deal worth £3.9bn. The acquisition was completed on 3 January 2019 following a $4.9 billion transaction, with approval from regulatory authorities in the EU and China.[54][55]
  • Brewsters,a brand created in 1999. The emphasis was on families and most sites had been built as Brewers Fayre, this was to give Brewers Fayre a more adult feel.[56]
  • Taybarns,an all-you-can-eat American buffet-style restaurant.[57]There were six sites in England and one (the very first site atSwansea) inWales.[58]
  • Britvic,a large UK manufacturer of soft drinks, producing brands such asJ2O,Robinson'sandTangoas well asPepsiin the UK and Ireland.[59]
  • Marriotthotels and clubs in the UK, sold to brand ownerMarriott Corporation.[60]
  • TGI Friday's– Whitbread originally held the UK franchise rights to the American restaurant chainTGI Friday's.The restaurants are known for their "over the top" American style and are popular with teenagers for birthday parties. It is also noted for its cocktails including a top-sellingLong Island Iced Tea.On 17 January 2007 Whitbread announced that the franchise rights for TGI Friday's were being sold to a joint venture between Carlson Restaurants Worldwide Inc andABN AMROCapital for £70.4m.[61]
  • Pizza HutUK, sold to brand ownerYum![62]
  • David Lloyd Leisure– Whitbread ran more than 50David Lloyd Leisure(DLL) clubs inGreat BritainandIreland,with a further number in Spain, the Netherlands and Belgium. DLL is Britain's biggest tennis operator and manages more than 500 tennis courts. On 4 July 2007, Whitbread announced that it had conditionally agreed to sell the David Lloyd Leisure chain to Versailles Bidco Limited for £925 million. Whitbread will initially use the proceeds from its sale to pay off debt.[63]
  • Hogshead, a group of town-centre pubs, similar to Wetherspoons, became part of theLaurel Pub Companyin 2001.[64]
  • Threshers,a chain ofoff licences.[65]
  • Germany:Churasco, owned since 1990, andMaredo,owned since 1994; in 1999 the Churasco restaurants had been transformed into Maredo-branded ones; Maredo was sold in 2005.[66]

References

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