Women of Russia(Russian:Женщины России,romanized:Zhenshchiny Rossii,abbreviatedZhR) was a political bloc inRussia.[1]
Women of Russia Женщины России | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leader | Alevtina Fedulova |
| Founded | 1993 |
History
editThe party was established in the autumn of 1993 by merger of three women's groups, theUnion of Women of Russia(the dominant force),[2]the Association of Russia's Women Entrepreneurs and the Union of Women of the Navy. The Union of Women of Russia had looked at the manifestos of 30 parties due to contest theDecember 1993 parliamentary electionsand was unhappy about the lack of attention to women's issues. After writing to the parties and only receiving three, superficial responses, and amid concerns that the party lists contained few women, the decision was taken to form the party.
In the elections the party surprisingly received 8.1% of the proportional representation vote, the fourth-highest share,[3]and won 23 of the 450 seats in theState Duma.[4]
In the1995 electionsthe party was expected to pass the 5% electoral threshold,[5]but received 4.6% of the vote, failing to win any of the proportional seats, and only winning three seats. In 1996 the party split when its co-founder,Ekaterina Lakhova,left the party to form the All-Russian Socio-Political Movement of Women of Russia, whose name was often intentionally shortened to "Women of Russia" to attempt to lure away support.[6]
In April 1999 it was announced that the ZhR would not run in theDecember 1999 elections,instead becoming part of theFatherland – All Russiabloc, which Lakhova had also joined. However, the party withdrew from the bloc in September in protest at the lack of women on the party's list[6]to contest the elections independently. However, its vote share fell again to 1.3%, and it lost all three seats. It did not contest any subsequent elections.
The party is today known as the Women's Union of Russia.
Election results
edit| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Rank | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993[7] | Alevtina Fedulova | 4,679,296 | 4.39 | 23 / 450
|
New | 4th | Opposition |
| 1995[8] | Alevtina Fedulova | 3,900,885 | 2.88 | 3 / 450
|
 20
|
5th | Opposition |
| 1999[9] | Alevtina Fedulova | 1,696,434 | 1.30 | 0 / 450
|
3
|
16th | Extra-parliamentary |
References
edit- ^Women of Russia-1Panorama
- ^Carol NechmiasPolitics in Post-Soviet Russia: Where Are the Women?pp206–207
- ^Dieter Nohlen& Philip Stöver (2010)Elections in Europe: A data handbook,p1650ISBN978-3-8329-5609-7
- ^Nohlen & Stöver, p1656
- ^Nechmias, p208
- ^abNechmias, p210–211
- ^"Russia: 1993 Parliamentary elections".University of Essex.Archived fromthe originalon 10 October 2004.Retrieved9 October2023.
- ^"Russia: 1995 Parliamentary elections".University of Essex.Archived fromthe originalon 10 October 2004.Retrieved9 October2023.
- ^"Russia: 1999 Parliamentary elections".University of Essex.Archived fromthe originalon 5 May 2015.Retrieved9 October2023.