Wikipedia

Young Americans

This article is about the album by David Bowie. For other uses, seeYoung Americans (disambiguation).
"Who Can I Be Now?" redirects here. For the 2016 box set, seeWho Can I Be Now? (1974–1976).

Young Americansis the ninthstudio albumby the English musicianDavid Bowie,released on 7March 1975 throughRCA Records.A departure from theglam rockstyle of previous albums, the record showcased Bowie's interest insoulandR&B.Music critics have described the sound asblue-eyed soul;Bowie himself labelled the album's sound "plastic soul".

Young Americans
A headshot of an orange-haired man holding a cigarette with a backdrop of light.
Studio albumby
David Bowie
Released7 March 1975(1975-03-07)
RecordedAugust 1974 – January 1975
Studio
Genre
Length40:00
LabelRCA
Producer
David Bowiechronology
David Live
(1974) 		Young Americans
(1975) 		Station to Station
(1976)
SinglesfromYoung Americans
  1. "Young Americans"
    Released: 21 February 1975
  2. "Fame"
    Released: 2 June 1975 (US)
    25 July 1975 (UK)

Recording sessions began atSigma Sound StudiosinPhiladelphiain August 1974, after the first leg of Bowie'sDiamond Dogs Tour.The record was produced byTony Visconti,and includes a variety of musicians, such as the guitaristCarlos Alomar,who became one of Bowie's most frequent collaborators, and the backing vocalistsAva Cherry,Robin Clarkand then-unknown singerLuther Vandross.As the tour continued the setlist and design began to incorporate the influence of the new material. The recording sessions continued at theRecord Plantin New York City at the tour's end. A collaboration between Bowie andJohn Lennonyielded a cover of Lennon'sBeatlessong "Across the Universe"and an original,"Fame",during a January 1975 session atElectric Lady Studios,produced byHarry Maslin.The album's cover artwork is a back-lit photograph of Bowie taken by Eric Stephen Jacobs.

Young Americanswas Bowie's breakthrough in the US, reaching the top 10 on theBillboardchart; "Fame" became Bowie's first number one hitsingle.Bowie continued developing its sound onStation to Station(1976).Young Americanshas received mixed critical reviews on release and in later decades; Bowie himself had mixed feelings about the album. The album proved influential. Bowie was one of the first white artists of the era to overtly engage with newly emerging black musical styles; other British artists followed suit. The album has been reissued multiple times withouttakes,and was remastered in 2016 as part of theWho Can I Be Now? (1974–1976)box set.

Background and development

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David Bowiereleased his eighth studio albumDiamond Dogsin May 1974. His final album in theglam rockgenre,[1]it contained two songs, "Rock 'n' Roll with Me"and"1984",that exhibit elements offunkandsoul,which predicted the musical direction for Bowie's next project.[2][3][4]While his interest in soul music dated back to hismoddays in the mid-1960s, he began listening to soul records extensively and incorporating soul material into his live sets.[5][6]In July, towards the end of the first leg of hisDiamond Dogs Tour,he performed covers of the soul songs "Knock on Wood"byEddie Floydand "Here Today and Gone Tomorrow" by theOhio Playersfor shows inUpper Darby Township, Pennsylvania;these shows were recorded and released on thelive albumDavid Livein October 1974.[a][1]Bowie had grown tired of the tour's lavish set-pieces and theatricality and was ready to fully embrace black soul music.[9]

Young Americanswas the beginning of Bowie's working relationship with the guitaristCarlos Alomar(pictured in 1974).

In early 1974, Bowie met the funk guitaristCarlos Alomar,anApollo Theatersession musician who had played withJames Brown,Chuck BerryandWilson Pickett.One of Bowie's favourite records was Brown'sLive at the Apollo(1963), so meeting a musician who played at the Apollo meant a lot to him. Alomar had never heard of Bowie when they met, but they immediately connected and formed a working relationship that would last almost 15 years; Alomar became Bowie's guide into American black music.[1][10]

While in Pennsylvania, Bowie visitedSigma Sound StudiosinPhiladelphiato work on recordings with the American musicianAva Cherry.[11][12]Sigma Sound was the home ofPhiladelphia soul[13][14]and the favourite studio of the writer-producer duoKenneth Gamble and Leon Huff;the two had co-foundedPhiladelphia International Records,the home of many well-known black American musicians. At the end of the first leg of the tour, Bowie returned to New York City tomixDavid Live,listening to various black albums in preparation for his return to Sigma Sound.[1]

Recording history

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Young Americansfeatures backing vocals fromLuther Vandross(pictured in 1985), a then-unknown singer from New York City.

For the backing band, Bowie wanted to hireMFSB( "Mother Father Sister Brother" ),[6]Sigma Sound's house band of over 30session musicians.[b][16][14]Due to conflicting schedules, all members were unavailable except the percussionist Larry Washington (percussion),[15]so Bowie went to New York City for further recruitment.Mike Garson(piano),David Sanborn(saxophone) and Pablo Rosario (percussion) were retained from the Diamond Dogs Tour, whileEarl Slickwas replaced by Alomar on guitar. At Alomar's suggestion, Bowie hiredAndy Newmark,a former member ofSly and the Family Stone,andWillie Weeksofthe Isley Brothersto replaceTony NewmanandHerbie Flowerson drums and bass, respectively. The producerTony Viscontijoined the project immediately after Bowie informed him of Weeks' involvement;[1][9]Visconti co-produced much of Bowie's work for the rest of the decade.[17]Cherry, Alomar's wifeRobin Clark,then-unknown singerLuther Vandross,Anthony Hinton and Diane Sumler performed backing vocals for the sessions.[9][5]

Philadelphia sessions

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Demo work began at Sigma Sound on 8August 1974, with official work starting three days later on 11August upon Visconti's arrival.[1][18]Before Philadelphia, Bowie had spent most of his recording career in Britain, where recording methods were different from those in the United States. AtOlympicandTrident Studiosin Britain,engineersappliedequalisersandreverbas they were recording, so these effects were heard upon playback. At Sigma Sound, however, the engineers applied effects during the mi xing stage. Bowie was initially confounded when hearing the tapes back, as according to the biographer Chris O'Leary, he "hadn't heard his 'naked' voice on tape in years".[5]

Bowie performing on the Soul Tour in late 1974.

The sessions were productive and moved rapidly, only taking two weeks to complete. It was agreed early on to record as much of the album as possible live, with the full band playing together, including Bowie's vocals, as a single continuous take for each song. According to Visconti, the album contains "about 85% 'live' David Bowie".[1]Most of the material was built out ofjam sessions.[9][14]The album represented a change in Bowie's approach to production,[19]allowing the musicians to come up with ideas that Bowie used to write lyrics and melodies.[14]Cherry, Clark and Vandross, in particular, became driving forces of the project.[19]

During his time at Sigma Sound, Bowie completely immersed himself in soul music. He created a new persona called "The Gouster",a slang term for a hip street boy,[14][6]which became one of the album's working titles. Visconti commented: "It wasn't so much a concept as a way of setting the tone that we were going to make a very hip album."[14]Bowie'scocaineaddiction heightened at a rapid pace during the period; he often stayed awake day and night recording while the band slept.[c][1]Alomar said the sessions were "fuelled" by drugs,[14]recalling: "He used drugs to keep himself awake. [I assumed] it was more a functional thing [than an addiction], so he'd be 'on' whenever the moment came to record."[13]Bowie's cocaine use affected his voice, creating what Bowie himself called "a real raspy sound" that prevented him from singing higher notes. He believed the album contained the highest notes he ever sang on record.[1]

The sessions produced numerousouttakes,including "After Today", "Who Can I Be Now?", "It's Gonna Be Me", a rerecording of Bowie's 1972 single "John, I'm Only Dancing"titled"John, I'm Only Dancing (Again)","Lazer "," Shilling the Rubes ", a scrapped rerecording ofBruce Springsteen's "It's Hard to Be a Saint in the City"[d]and "Too Fat Polka".[1]After these sessions, Bowie was eager to perform the new work live. Embarking on the second half of the Diamond Dogs Tour, lasting September to December 1974, this portion is nicknamed the Soul Tour due to the influence of the new material. The shows were heavily altered and no longer featured elaborate set-pieces, due to Bowie's exhaustion with the design and wanting to explore the new sound he was creating. Songs from the previous leg were dropped, while new ones were added, including some from the upcoming album.[22]On 2 November, Bowie appeared onThe Dick Cavett Showand performed "1984", "Young Americans"and a version ofthe Flairs' "Footstompin'".He was inarticulate and visibly drugged during his interview.[23][24]

Bowie and Visconti addedoverdubsand started mi xing following the conclusion of the Soul Tour in November 1974.[10]Local fans, whom Bowie referred to as the "Sigma Kids", waited outside the studio over the course of the sessions. On the final day of tracking, these fans were invited into the studio to listen to rough versions of the new songs.[10][14]The album's many working titles includedThe Gouster,Dancin',Somebody Up There Likes Me,One Damned Song,Shilling the RubesandFascination.An earlyacetateofThe Gousterprovided by Visconti showed "John, I'm Only Dancing (Again)", "Who Can I Be Now?" and "It's Gonna Be Me" in the track-listing.[1]

New York sessions

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Former BeatleJohn Lennon(pictured in 1975) collaborated with Bowie for "Across the Universe" and "Fame".

The Soul Tour ended in December 1974, after which Bowie, Visconti and Alomar regrouped at theRecord Plantin New York City to record two new songs, "Fascination"and" Win ". At this point, Bowie toldDiscmagazine the album title wasFascination(after the newly recorded track); "John, I'm Only Dancing (Again)" was still in the track-listing and the two new tracks replaced "Who Can I Be Now?" and "Somebody Up There Likes Me". Visconti, who believed the album was completely finished, returned to London to record string arrangements for "Can You Hear Me", "Win" and "It's Gonna Be Me" atAIR Studios,[25]while Bowie remained in New York, working on separate mi xing with in-house engineerHarry Maslin.[1][26]

During this time, formerBeatleJohn Lennonwas working at the Record Plant on hiscovers albumRock 'n' Roll(1975). Lennon, who was in what he later termed his "Lost weekend"period, had met Bowie in Los Angeles in September 1974.[5]The two connected and decided to record together. With Alomar, the two convened at New York City'sElectric Lady Studiosin January 1975, recording a cover of Lennon's Beatles song "Across the Universe"and a new song,"Fame".[1]In Visconti's absence, the session was co-produced by Bowie and Maslin.[26]Alongside Alomar, Bowie invited Slick and the drummerDennis Davis,making their debuts on a Bowie record,[5]as well as the bassist Emir Ksasan from the Soul Tour band.Ralph MacDonaldcontributed percussion, while Jean Fineberg and Jean Millington sang backing vocals.[1]

Mi xing forYoung Americanswas completed at the Record Plant on 12January 1975. Bowie contacted Visconti about the collaborations with Lennon two weeks later.[1]Bowie was apologetic and requested the two tracks be on the final album; they replaced "Who Can I Be Now?", "It's Gonna Be Me" and "After Today".[27]Visconti later said: "[They were] beautiful songs and it made me sick when [Bowie] decided not to use them. I think it was the personal content of the songs which he was a bit reluctant to release, although it was so obscure I don't think even I knew what he was on about in them!"[1]The album wasmasteredby the engineerGreg Calbi.[28]

Songs

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Young Americanspresented a new musical direction for Bowie,[29]exploringblue-eyed soul[30][31]andR&B.[32][33][34]Bowie himself labelled its sound "plastic soul",[13]or, in the words of the author Benoît Clerc, "a pale synthetic derivative of authentic soul music".[9]Garson later argued: "I think because he was uncertain if he was good at it, he demeaned himself by calling it plastic soul."[14]Other writers have classified it "sax-y white soul"[35]and white soul music.[36][37]Ashley Naftule ofConsequence of Sounddescribed the album as a cross between Bowie's "artsy rockertendencies "and the" warm earnestness "of soul and R&B.[31]According toBBC Music's Daryl Easlea, lyrical themes throughout the album include loneliness, despair and alienation,[38]although the biographerChristopher Sandfordwrites that the album is "a record of high spirits and lively, colliding ideas".[29]One of Bowie's major inspirations when writing the album wasAretha Franklin.[6][27]

Side one

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"Young Americans"opens the album, which Bowie said was about" a newly-wed couple who don't know if they really like each other ".[5]The song also presents new lyrical directions for the artist: instead of "shady" characters living in worlds fraught with darkness, "Young Americans" shows typical American teenagers.[39]References are made toMcCarthyismand theresignationof presidentRichard Nixon,which occurred a week before the recording sessions began. The line "I heard the news today, oh boy" was taken from the Beatles' song "A Day in the Life"(1967), acknowledging Lennon's influence on Bowie and their imminent collaboration later on the album.[24]The authorPeter Doggettwrites that the song introduced the world to an entirely new Bowie, catching everyone by surprise.[40]Bowie said "Win" was about people who "don't work very hard".[41]According to the author James E. Perone, the lyrics are more abstract than the previous track and are open to interpretation.[39]Saxophones and strings feature throughout, while the backing vocalists are more relaxed and in line with Bowie's lead.[5]

"Fascination"evolved out of a Vandross track titled" Funky Music (Is a Part of Me) ", which Bowie added new lyrics to. Bowie kept most of Vandross' structure but changed the interplay of the backing vocalists.[e][5][42]Doggett cites elements in the novelsCity of Night(1963) andThe Occult Reich(1974) as inspirations for the title,[44]while David Buckley writes that it reaffirms the 'strange fascination'motifof Bowie's track "Changes"(1971).[45]"Right"is the only track onYoung Americansto feature Bowie's old friend Geoff MacCormack. Thecall and responsebetween Bowie and the backing singers "lends an air of immaculate sophistication to the lyric's paean to positive thinking", according to the biographerNicholas Pegg.[46]In 1975, Bowie called the song amantra:"People forget what the sound of Man's instinct is—it's a drone, a mantra. And people say, 'Why are so many things popular that just drone on and on?' But that's the point really. It reaches a particular vibration, not necessarily a musical level."[46]Bowie, Vandross, Clark and Cherry can be seen rehearsing the song in theBBCdocumentaryCracked Actor(1975).[5][47]

Side two

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The singer Ava Cherry (pictured in 2016) sang backing vocals throughout the album. She is also the supposed inspiration for "Can You Hear Me?"[5]

The title of "Somebody Up There Likes Me" was taken from the 1956 filmof the same name.[5][47]Similar to "Right", it uses a call-and-response structure[45]and is embellished in strings, saxophone and synthesisers that hide dark lyrics. Pegg states that the lyrics discuss the idea of celebrity and the "hollowness of fame and adulation". Bowie himself described the song as a "Watch out mate,Hitler'son your back "warning.[48]Bowie's rendition of "Across the Universe"is a blue-eyed soul reworking that features Lennon on guitar and backing vocals.[49]Bowie had previously called the Beatles' original version "very watery" and wanted to "hammer the hell out of it".[5]His cover has been maligned by critics and biographers.[5][33][49][50]Perone argues that it succeeds as a "groove piece".[39]

"Can You Hear Me?",originally" Take It in Right ", is described by O'Leary ascontemporary R&B,[5]while Doggett believes its style is more reminiscent of southern music rather than Philly soul.[51]Perone likens Bowie's vocal performance to the singerAl Green.[39]In 1975, Bowie stated that the song was "written for somebody" but declined to disclose who; his biographers agree that it was most likely for Cherry.[5][45][52]

"Fame"is afunk rocksong[53]that represents Bowie and Lennon's dissatisfaction with the troubles of fame and stardom.[54]Alomar originally developed the guitar riff for Bowie's cover of "Footstompin'",which Bowie then used to create" Fame ".[55][56]Lennon's voice is heard interjecting the falsetto "Fame" throughout the song.[57]Bowie later said that Lennon was the "energy" and the "inspiration" for "Fame", which is why he received a writing credit;[58]O'Leary states that Lennon wrote the song's introchord progression.[5]In 1980, Lennon stated: "We took someStevie Wondermiddle eight and did it backwards, you know, and we made a record out of it! "[54][57]

Outtakes

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"Who Can I Be Now?" reflects the theme of self-identity. Over its runtime, it builds to a what Pegg calls a "gospel-choir climax".[59]Doggett writes that its title summarises Bowie's career up to this point, sharing a similar theme as "Changes".[60]"It's Gonna Be Me" is a ballad similar in style to Aretha Franklin. Originally titled "Come Back My Baby", it is lyrically similar to "Can You Hear Me?", in that it follows a casual seducer who realises the error of his ways and works to redeem himself. Pegg and Doggett praised the track as one of the most overlooked gems of Bowie's entire career.[61][60]"John, I'm Only Dancing (Again)" is a radical seven-minute funk anddiscoreworking of Bowie's 1972 glam rock single "John, I'm Only Dancing". This new version mostly retains the original's chorus, but with new verses and an entirely different melody. It was released as a single in 1979.[5][62][33]"After Today" is a soul-disco song with a falsetto vocal from Bowie and less polished production compared to other album tracks.[f][64]

Artwork

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For the albumcover artwork,Bowie initially wanted to commissionNorman Rockwellto create a painting but retracted the offer when he heard that Rockwell would need at least six months to do the job. According to Pegg, another rejected idea was a full-length portrait of Bowie in a "flying suit" and white scarf, standing in front of an American flag and raising a glass. The final cover photo, a back-lit and airbrushed photo of Bowie, was taken inLos Angeleson 30August 1974 by the photographer Eric Stephen Jacobs.[1]Jacobs took inspiration from a similar photo he took of the choreographerToni Basilfor the September 1974 cover ofAfter Darkmagazine.[9]Using that photo, Craig DeCamps designed the final cover atRCA Records' New York City office.[65][66]Sandford calls it one of the "classic" album covers.[29]

Release

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RCA released "Young Americans" as thelead singleto the album on 21February 1975, with theZiggy Stardusttrack "Suffragette City"(1972) as theB-side.[67][68]In the US, it was released in edited form,[69]omitting two verses and a chorus;[70]its B-side was the 1974 live cover of "Knock on Wood".[71]It reached number 18 on theUK Singles Chartand number 28 on theBillboardHot 100,his second top 40 entry and second-highest chart peak in the US up to that point.[70][72]Bowie's November 1974 performance of the song onThe Dick Cavett Showwas used as promotion, airing on theBBC'sTop of the Popson 21February 1975.[24]

Bowie withCheron herself-titled variety showin November 1975. He sang "Fame" and "Can You Hear Me?" on the show.

Young Americanswas released in the UK on 7March 1975,[5][73][74]and in early April in the US.[9]It reached number nine on the USBillboardTop LPs & Tapechart and remained on the chart for 51 weeks;[75]by July, it was certifiedgoldby theRecording Industry Association of America(RIAA).[76]It stayed on theUK Albums Chartfor 17 weeks, peaking at number two,[77]being kept off the top spot byTom Jones's20 Greatest Hits.[78]Elsewhere,Young Americansreached the top five in New Zealand and Sweden,[79][80]the top ten in Australia and Finland,[81][82]number 12 in France,[83]13 in Norway,[84]17 in Canada and 82 in Japan.[85][86]According to Buckley, sales were lower thanDiamond Dogsoverall.[72]

The second single "Fame" was released on 2June in the US[69]and on 25July in the UK, with the album track "Right" as the B-side.[68][58]Although it only reached number 17 in the UK, "Fame" topped the charts in the US.[87]Its chart success was a surprise to Bowie, who recalled in 1990: "Even though [Lennon] had contributed to it and everything, and I had no idea, as with 'Let's Dance', that that was what a commercial single is. I haven't got a clue when it comes to singles.... I don't get it, and 'Fame' was really out of left-field for me. "[87]In early November, he became one of the first white artists to appear onABCTV'sSoul Train,where he gave mimed performances of "Fame" and his new single "Golden Years".[33][87][88]He then sang "Fame" and "Can You Hear Me?" live on theCBSvariety showChera few weeks later.[87][89]

Critical reception

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Professional ratings
Initial reviews
Review scores
SourceRating
The GazetteB[34]
The Village VoiceC+[90]

Young Americanswas released to a generally favorable reception, particularly in America.[1]Billboardpredicted that the album would appease Bowie's current fans and open him up to new ones.[91]Record Worldcalled it Bowie's "most compelling album to date";[92]Crawdaddy'sMichael Gross said it was his best studio record sinceZiggy Stardust,[93]whileCashboxpraised Bowie as an artist.[73]In their end-of-year list,NMErankedYoung Americansthe seventh best album of 1975.[94]

Amongst mixed reviews, some enjoyed certain tracks but disregarded the collection as a whole.[95][96][34]Rolling Stone'sJon Landaupraised the title track and thought that the remainder of the album "works best when Bowie combines his renewed interest in soul with his knowledge of English pop, rather than opting entirely for one or the other".[97]Ray Fox-Cumming ofRecord Mirrordescribed the sound as "spasmodic, awkward, frustrating" and having "a joyless energy".[95]InThe Philadelphia Inquirer,Jack Lloyd calledYoung Americansa "gem" and a "triumph" filled with "superb" songs aside from the "pretentious" title track, but felt "Across the Universe" and "Fame" were out of place.[98]

Several critics were negative. InThe Village Voice,Robert Christgauinitially gave the record a C+ called the record "an almost total failure", saying that "although the amalgam of rock and Philly soul is so thin it's interesting, it overwhelms David's voice, which is even thinner". He nonetheless appreciated Bowie's renewed "generosity of spirit to risk failure" following the disappointments ofDiamond DogsandDavid Live.[90]He later amended his review to B- and said of the album: "this is a failure."[99]InPhonograph Record,John Mendelsohn criticised the lyrics, Bowie's vocal performance, found the melodies "as good as non-existent" and the overall album very weak.[100]In theNME,Ian MacDonaldfelt the record was more of a transitional one, created out of a confused state of mind not knowing where to take his career next. He enjoyed it despite its flaws.[101]InMelody Maker,Michael Wattspraised the backing band but found the record too "pastiche" to be credible and Bowie's worst release up to that point.[96]In Canada, Bill Man ofThe Gazettewas also disappointed, believing Bowie should "focus his talents more directly".[34]

Legacy

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Subsequent events

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Bowie continued developing the funk and soul ofYoung Americans,withelectronicand Germankrautrockinfluences, for his next studio album,Station to Station.[102][103]Produced by Harry Maslin, the album was recorded in Los Angeles from September to November 1975 and released in January 1976.[104][105]Songs from theYoung Americansperiod that foreshadowed the album's direction included "Win", "Can You Hear Me?" and "Who Can I Be Now?"[5][106]Station to Stationcontinued Bowie's run of commercial success, reaching number three in the US.[107]However, his cocaine use continued throughout 1975, to the extent he had almost no recollection of recordingStation to Station.[103]After completing theIsolar Tourin May 1976, he moved to Europe to rid himself of his drug addiction.[108][109]

Commentators have acknowledgedYoung Americansas Bowie's first album that he performed as himself rather than as a persona.[110][111][19]Sandford believed that Bowie showed maturity by not featuringZiggy Stardust,which secured his breakthrough into the US market.[29]Pegg says the album turned Bowie from "a mildly unsavoury cult artist to a chat-show friendly showbiz personality" in the US.[1]Bowie, however, expressed varying statements about the album throughout his lifetime.[38]In late 1975, he described it as "the phoniest R&B I've ever heard. If I ever would have got my hands on that record when I was growing up I would have cracked it over my knee."[45]He further described it as "a phase" in a 1976 interview withMelody Maker.[112]He later reversed his stance in 1990, tellingQmagazine: "I shouldn't have been quite so hard on myself, because looking back it was pretty good white, blue-eyed soul [and] it was quite definitely one of the best bands I ever had."[113]

Influence

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Young Americanshas been called one of Bowie's most influential records.[72]With the album, Bowie was one of the first mainstream white artists to embrace black musical styles,[29]paving the way for other artists to engage in similar styles.[1]Daryl Easlea summarised inRecord Collector:"While all rock'n'roll was based on white men's appropriation of black popular music, very few artists had embraced the form wholesale, to the point of using the same studios and musicians, as Bowie [did]."[6]Buckley commented that it brought fans of both glam rock and soul together in the wake of the disco era.[72]In subsequent years, artists who experimented with funk and soul after Bowie includedElton John,Roxy Music,Rod Stewart,the Rolling Stones,Bee Gees,Talking Heads,Spandau Ballet,JapanandABC.[1][6]Bowie was also referenced directly byGeorge Clintonin theParliamentsong "P. Funk (Wants to Get Funked Up)"(1976) and in the filmSaturday Night Fever(1977).[6]Clinton also used a modified version of the "Fame" instrumental for Parliament's "Give Up the Funk (Tear the Roof off the Sucker)"(1976), whileJames Brownused "Fame"'sriff verbatim for "Hot (I Need to Be Loved, Loved, Loved)"(1975).[33]In 2016, Joe Lynch ofBillboardargued that "Fame" andYoung Americansas a whole served as an influence not only on other funk artists such as Clinton but also earlyhip hopartists and theWest CoastG-funkgenre of the early 1990s.[35]

Retrospective reviews

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Professional ratings
Retrospective professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[30]
Chicago Tribune[114]
Christgau's Record GuideB−[115]
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music[116]
New Musical Express7/10[111]
Pitchfork8.7/10[33]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[117]
Select5/5[118]
Spin Alternative Record Guide6/10[119]
Uncut[120]

Young Americanshas received mixed reviews from critics and fans in later decades,[19]being dismissed as a purely transitional record[33]and an inauthentic excursion by an artist whose talents lay elsewhere.[1]Others have criticised it for being inconsistent,[121]and lacking strong songwriting[30]and the musical cohesiveness of Bowie's other 1970s albums.[39]Douglas Wolkstated inPitchfork:"It doesn't have the mad theatrical scope ofDiamond Dogsor the formal audacity ofStation to Station;at times, it comes off as an artist trying very hard to demonstrate how unpredictable he is. "[33]Stephen Thomas ErlewineofAllMusicsaid thatYoung Americansis "more enjoyable as a stylistic adventure than as a substantive record".[30]

Some critics have viewedYoung Americansas an overlooked album[6][122]that occupies a troubled place in Bowie's discography,[38]being sequenced between Bowie's Ziggy andThin White Dukeperiods.[6][14]Rob Sheffieldopined that the album is "easy to overlook" because Bowie "did most of these robot-soul space-funk tricks better two years later onStation to Station".[122]Mark Beaumont ofThe Independentargued: "Those rock historians who dismiss the album as a white elephant among Bowie's 1970s output [...] underestimate its significance. Because this was Bowie's first display of true fearlessness, rock's most celebrated shape-shifter attempting his first real post-fame metamorphosis."[14]Others agree thatYoung Americansdeserves a spot in Bowie's discography,[123]with Sam Kemp ofFar Outarguing that "it's impossible to imagine Bowie's later albums withoutYoung Americans".[19]Positive reviews of the album say that it has aged well,[19][118]even being considered by some as a masterpiece of white soul.[111][118]In 1991, Jon Wilde ofMelody Makerargued that, like Bowie's other 1970s records,Young Americanswas ahead of its time.[124]The singerBob Geldofsaid: "Young Americansis a fantastic soul record, but soul with something else going on. There's an edginess to it. "[1]

Young Americanswas voted Bowie's ninth best album in a 2013 readers' poll forRolling Stone.The magazine argued that its style shift helped introduce Bowie to a wider audience.[125]That same year,NMEranked the album at number 175 in its list ofthe 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[126]In 2004, the criticCharles Shaar Murrayvoted it the 88th best British album in a list forThe Observer.[127]The album was also included in the 2018 edition of Robert Dimery's book1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[128]

Reissues

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Professional ratings
2007 reissue
Review scores
SourceRating
Goldmine[129]
Rolling Stone[122]

Young Americanswas first released onCDby RCA in 1984,[1]and then byRykodisc/EMIin 1991, with three bonus tracks.[130]The reissue charted at number 54 on the UK Albums Chart for one week in April 1991.[131]A 1999 edition on EMI featured 24-bit digitally remastered sound and no extra tracks.[132]The 2007 reissue, marketed as a "Special Edition", included an accompanyingDVDcontaining5.1 surround soundmixes of the album and Bowie's November 1974 interview and performances onThe Dick Cavett Show.[1][122][129][133]In 2016, the album was remastered for theWho Can I Be Now? (1974–1976)box set,which also includes an earlier, rawer-sounding draft of the album, titledThe Gouster.[134]It was released in CD, vinyl, and digital formats, both as part of this compilation and separately.[135]On 7 March 2025,Young Americanswill be reissued again as a half-speed mastered LP and a picture disc for its 50th anniversary.[136]

The 1991 and 2007 reissues featured "Who Can I Be Now?", "John, I'm Only Dancing (Again)" and "It's Gonna Be Me" as bonus tracks; the latter was released in an alternate version with strings on the 2007 edition.[1]The 1991 reissue replaced the original versions of "Win", "Fascination" and "Right" with alternate mixes, but later reissues restored the original mixes. Another outtake, "After Today", appeared on the 1989 box setSound + Vision,as did the alternate mix of "Fascination".[5][137]

Track listing

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All tracks are written byDavid Bowie,except where noted[138]

Side one
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Young Americans"5:10
2."Win"4:44
3."Fascination"Bowie,Luther Vandross5:43
4."Right"4:13
Side two
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Somebody Up There Likes Me"6:30
2."Across the Universe"John Lennon,Paul McCartney4:30
3."Can You Hear Me?"5:04
4."Fame"Bowie,Carlos Alomar,Lennon4:12
Total length:40:00

Personnel

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According to the liner notes and the biographerNicholas Pegg,[1][138]except where noted.

Charts and certifications

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Notes

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  1. ^This rendition of "Knock on Wood" was included on the original release ofDavid Liveand released as a single in September 1974, reaching the UK top ten.[7]The rendition of "Here Today and Gone Tomorrow" remained unreleased until it was included on the 1990 and 2005 reissues ofDavid Live.[8]
  2. ^According to Sigma Sound engineer Dirk Devlin, who worked on the earlier Ava Cherry sessions, the idea fell through due to Bowie's management company MainMan's reluctance to let the studio's in-house producers, Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff, handle (and thus own the rights to) the sessions.[15]
  3. ^Bowie's decaying mental state was showcased in the documentaryCracked Actor,filmed on the Diamond Dogs Tour.[20]
  4. ^This version of "It's Hard to Be a Saint in the City" differs from the released version on the 1990Sound + Visionbox set, and remains unreleased. Springsteen himself visited the session.[21]
  5. ^Vandross released his own version of "Funky Music (Is a Part of Me)" on his albumLuther(1976).[42][43]
  6. ^This version was released on the 1989Sound + Visionbox set. A faster, alternate take, dated 13August 1974, later leaked online in 2009.[63]
  7. ^Credited in the 1975 liner notes as Eric Stephen.[138]

References

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Sources

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