Zanclodon( "scythe tooth" ) is an extinctgenusofarchosauriformfrom theErfurt Formation[1]in southern Germany.[2]It was once a wastebasket taxon until a taxonomic revision by Schoch (2011) left only the paratype (SMNS 6045) withinZanclodon laevisproper.[3]The type species isZ. laevis.
| Zanclodon Temporal range:Middle Triassic,
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|---|---|
Scientific classification
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Clade: | Archosauromorpha |
| Clade: | Archosauriformes |
| Clade: | Archosauria |
| Genus: | †Zanclodon Plieninger, 1847 |
| Type species | |
| †Zanclodon laevis (Plieninger, 1846)
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| Synonyms | |
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Discovery and naming
editTheparatype,SMNS 56045, a maxilla with teeth, was discovered in theGaildorfAlumn Mine in southernGermany.[3]Zanclodonwas originally namedSmilodonby Plieninger (1846), but this name had previously been used for thesaber-toothed cat(apreoccupied name), prompting Plieninger to erect the replacement nameZanclodonin 1847.[4]A paralectotype was also assigned toZ. laevis:SMNS 6045a, a loose germ tooth.[3]
Z. plieningeriwas named byFraasin 1896,[5]but it became a junior synonym ofZ. laevisshortly after publication as they are both based on the same specimen, SMNS 6045.[6]
Many species were previously lumped under theZanclodongenus, but currently only the type species,Z. laevis,is accepted to belong to the genus.[3]
Classification
editZanclodonwas formerly placed in theTeratosauridae,[7]within theTheropoda,and at times,plateosauridmaterial was mistakenly referred toZanclodon.[6]It is now considered to have been an indeterminate archosauriform.[6]
Species
edit- Z. laevis(Plieninger, 1846) [originally "Smilodon" ] (type)
- Z. crenatus(Plieninger, 1846) [originally "Smilodon" ] =nomen dubiumat Archosauromorpha indeterminate[8][9]
- Z. bavaricus(Fraas, 1894 vide Sandberger, 1894) =Sauropodomorphaincertae sedis[6]
- Z. plieningeri(Fraas, 1896) = junior synonym ofZ. laevis[6]
- Z. arenaceus(Fraas, 1896) = a possibleparasuchianphytosaur[10][11]
- Z. cambrensis(Newton, 1899) = ' "Newtonsaurus"(Welles & Pickering, 1993) –nomen nudum,known from a lower jaw with teeth preserved as a mould in South Wales,Theropodaindet.[12]
- Z. schutzii(Fraas, 1900) =Batrachotomus[13]
- Z. silesiacus(Jaekel,1910) =nomen dubiumat Archosauromorpha indeterminate[8][9]
References
edit- ^Hagdorn, H. & Mutter, R.J. (2011). The vertebrate fauna of the Lower Keuper Albertibank (Erfurt Formation, Middle Triassic) in the vicinity of Schwäbisch Hall (Baden-Württemberg, Germany).Palaeodiversity4: 223–243.
- ^PaleoBiology Database:Zanclodon,basic info
- ^abcdSchoch, R.R. (2011). New archosauriform remains from the German Lower Keuper.Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen260: 87–100.doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2011/0133.
- ^Plieninger, T. (1846). Über ein neues Sauriergenus und die Einreihung der Saurier mit flachen, schneidenden Zähnen in Eine Familie [On a new saurian genus and incorporating the saurian with flat, cutting teeth into a family].Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg2: 148-154.
- ^Fraas, E. (1896). Die Schwäbischen Trias-Saurier nach dem Material der Kgl. Naturalien-Sammlung in Stuttgart zusammengestellt [Swabian Triassic dinosaurs based on the material in the Royal Natural History Collection compiled in Stuttgart].Festgabe des Königlichen Naturalien-Cabinets In Stuttgart zur 42 Versammlung der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft in Stuttgart, August 1896. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlag-handlung (E. Koch),Stuttgart 1-18
- ^abcdeGalton, P.M. (2001). The prosauropod dinosaurPlateosaurusMeyer, 1837 (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha; Upper Triassic). II. Notes on the referred species.Revue de Paléobiologie,Genève20(2): 435–502.
- ^Fraas, E. (1900).Zanclodon schütziin. sp. aus dem Trigonodusdolomit von Hall [Zanclodon schütziin. sp. from the Trigonodus-dolomite of Halle].Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg56: 510–513.
- ^abCarrano, M.T.; Benson, R.B.J.; & Sampson, S.D. (2012). "The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10(2): 211–300
- ^abSkawiński, T.; Ziegler, M.; Czepiński, Ł.; Szermański, M.; Tałanda, M.; Surmik, D.; Niedźwiedzki, G. (2017). "A re-evaluation of the historical 'dinosaur' remains from the Middle-Upper Triassic of Poland".Historical Biology.27(4): 442–472.doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1188385.S2CID133166493.
- ^Hungerbühler, A. (2001). The status and phylogenetic relationships"Zanclodon" arenaceus:the earliest known phytosaur?Paläontologische Zeitschrift75(1): 97–112.
- ^Schoch, R.R. (2002). Stratigraphie und Taphonomie wirbeltierreicher Schichten im Unterkeuper (Mitteltrias) von Vellberg (SW-Deutschland).Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde(B)318:1–30.
- ^Newton, E.T. (1899). On a megalosaurid jaw from Rhaetic beds near Bridgend (Glamorganshire).Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London55: 89–96.
- ^Jaekel, O. (1910). Ueber einen neuen Belodonten aus dem Buntsandstein von Bernburg [On a new belodontid from the Buntsandstein of Bernburg].Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin1910 (5): 197-229
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