Wikipedia

Zatch Bell!

Zatch Bell!,known in Japan asKonjiki no Gash!!(Japanese:Kim sắc の ガッシュ!!,Hepburn:Konjiki no Gasshu!!,"Golden Gash!!" ),is a Japanesemangaseries written and illustrated byMakoto Raiku.It was serialized inShogakukan'sshōnenmangamagazineWeekly Shōnen Sundaybetween January 2001 and December 2007, with its chapters collected in thirty-threetankōbonvolumes. The series follows the title character Zatch Bell, a mystical being called a Mamodo, who is partnered with a 14-year-old schoolboy Kiyo Takamine for a once-a-millennium tournament on Earth that determines the right to rule the Mamodo world as king. During their adventure, Zatch and Kiyo encounter and battle various Mamodo and their human partners, and meet allies who aid Zatch in his quest to become a kind king.

Zatch Bell!
Cover of the firsttankōbonvolume, featuring Zatch Bell riding Owashi and Kiyo Takamine
Kim sắc の ガッシュ!!
(Konjiki no Gasshu!!)
Genre
Manga
Written byMakoto Raiku
Published byShogakukan
English publisher
ImprintShōnen Sunday Comics
MagazineWeekly Shōnen Sunday
DemographicShōnen
Original runJanuary 10, 2001–December 26, 2007
Volumes33(List of volumes)
Anime television series
Directed by
  • Tetsuharu Nakamura
  • Yukio Kaizawa
Produced by
  • Atsuya Takase
  • Hiroyuki Sakurada
  • Shinichi Ikeda
  • Takatoshi Hamano
Written by
  • Akatsuki Yamatoya
  • Hiroshi Hashimoto
Music byKow Otani
StudioToei Animation
Licensed by
  • NA:Viz Media
Original networkFNS(Fuji TV)
English network
Original runApril 6, 2003–March 26, 2006
Episodes150(List of episodes)
Anime film
Zatch Bell! Movie 1: 101st Devil
Directed byJunji Shimizu
Written byHiroshi Hashimoto
Music byKow Otani
StudioToei Animation
Licensed by
ReleasedAugust 7, 2004
Runtime84 minutes
Anime film
Zatch Bell! Movie 2: Attack of Mechavulcan
Directed byTakuya Igarashi
Written byAya Matsui
Music byKow Otani
StudioToei Animation
Licensed by
  • NA:Discotek Media
ReleasedAugust 6, 2005
Runtime85 minutes
Manga
Konjiki no Gash!! 2
Written byMakoto Raiku
Published byBirgdin Board Corp.
Original runMarch 14, 2022– present
Volumes4
Related media

Zatch Bell!was later adapted into ananimetelevision series produced byToei Animation.The series aired for 150 episodes onFuji TVand otherFNSstations from April 2003 to March 2006. In addition to an array of licensed merchandise, the franchise also spawned a series ofvideo gamesand two animated theatrical films.Viz Medialicensed both the manga and anime series for English-language localization in North America in 2005; only twenty-five volumes of the manga were published until 2009. The anime series ran in the United States onCartoon Network'sToonamiandMiguziprogramming blocks from 2005 to 2007 for seventy-seven episodes, and in Canada onYTV'sBionixprogramming block from 2005 to 2008; in all, 104 episodes were dubbed in English.

By March 2017, theZatch Bell!manga had over 23.8 million copies in circulation, includingdigital versions,making it one of thebest-selling manga series.In 2003, the series won the 48thShogakukan Manga Awardfor theshōnencategory. The manga has received generally positive reviews from critics. It was praised for its unique characters, humor, and overall concept. The television adaptation has a more mixed reception, with criticism largely focused on the visuals, graphical violence, and voice acting.

A sequel to the original manga, titledKonjiki no Gash!! 2,begandigitaldistribution in March 2022. By August 2024,Konjiki no Gash!! 2had over 900,000 copies in circulation.

Premise

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Mamodo[a]are a species of mystical creatures with supernatural powers inhabiting the fantastical Mamodo world[b]that exists in aparallel domainand is ruled by a king. Every 1,000 years, one hundred young Mamodo are selected tosucceed the monarchyby engaging in anelimination tournamentin which the winner would be eligible for the throne.[ch. 8]These tournaments are held on Earth; the manga series chronicles the interim during the early 2000s.[A]Although the competition is free-for-all, the Mamodo may collaborate with other combatants.[ch. 68]As the Mamodo descend to Earth, they are each given aspellbook[c]that has sealed away their powers and requires a human companion toread the words aloudin order to cast them in the form of spells.[d]To participate in the action, the Mamodo does not simply choose a human to help cast their spells.[ch. 93, 94]Rather, they must first search for the matching human who can read from the book,[ch. 7]whereupon he or she is that Mamodo's bookowner and partner.ep. 95[4][B]

The Mamodo tournament involves eliminating opponents by burning their spellbook. This is achieved by striking the book with a spell or subjecting it to open flame, as when Kanchomé torches several spellbooks with a matchstick.[ch. 115]Once the spellbook ignites, it cannot be extinguished,[ch. 51]and when it has fully incinerated, the Mamodo that possessed it loses all claim to the position as king and immediately returns to the Mamodo world.[4]The sole Mamodo to survive without their book destroyed becomes the new Mamodo king,[ch. 8]and all collateral damages are remedied.[ch. 322]

Spells given off by the Mamodo produce a variety of effects. These range from direct attacks to defenses, but other spells trigger a Mamodo's special ability that can temporarily enhance their finesse; as with Zatch'sRauzaruk;[ch. 96][e]or impair enemies; such as the paralyzing efficacy of Purio'sPoreido;[ch. 68][f]among other effects. Spells in each book are typically different for each Mamodo, but there are others that produce identical spells—an example of this is Zatch and his brother Zeno Bell for their lightning-based powers. The human and their Mamodo usually start out with one spell, but may during the tournament unlock more spells as the emotional and relational bond between each other flourishes.[ch. 19]The spellbook responds to the reader's Heart Power,[g]a form of stamina attained from such bond. Because sending out a spell expends Heart Power, it must thus be replenished for spells to work properly.[ch. 17, 107][4]Additionally, a spell may be generated with greater fervor, the magnitude of which is governed by Heart Energy.[h]A demonstration of this is when Zatch's strongest attack,Bao Zakeruga,[i]dwarfs Faudo.[ch. 275]

Synopsis

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Manga

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See also:List ofZatch Bell!characters

The Mamodo of focus isZatch Bell,who was discovered unconscious at a forest in England by ProfessorSeitaro Takamine.Seitaro sends Zatch over to his sonKiyo Takamine,an intelligent 14-year-old living withhis motherin the fictional city of Mochinoki, Japan,[ch. 2]in hopes of uncovering Zatch's past that he has no memory of.[ch. 1]Kiyo becomes Zatch's preordained partner for the tournament. Over time, Zatch and Kiyo come across other Mamodo, especiallyBragoand his partner Sherry Belmont, who explain the ongoing Mamodo tournament.[ch. 8]Zatch and Kiyo also discover that some Mamodo do not wish to fight or do so for the wrong reasons; namelyKolulu,who was forced to fight due to the nature of her spells.[ch. 17]Seeing this, Zatch pledges to become a "kind king" and stop the battle from ever happening again.[ch. 18]Zatch and Kiyo also find friendlier Mamodo and build up alliances with them and their human partners. Chief among them areKanchoméwith Italian movie star Parco Folgore,[ch. 27]Tiawith pop idol Megumi Oumi,[ch. 38]Ponygonwith German engineer Kafk Sunbeam (although the two do not find each other until later in the series),[ch. 122]andWonreiwith teen Hongkonger girlLi-en.[ch. 71]

Throughout the course of the tournament, Zatch, Kiyo, and their allies band together to combat several potent Mamodo with hostile intent. The first major adversary they face isZofis,who commands a cadre of reanimated Mamodo that were sealed instone tabletsduring the previous tournament one thousand years ago. Zofis has also bent the will of his own partner, Sherry's childhood friendKoko,into committing heinous acts such as burning down her own village.[ch. 55]Another enemy to emerge isRioh,who wields a Mamodo warfaretitannamedFaudo[ch. 189]that imperils the globe.[ch. 209]Kiyo is nearly killed in a harrowing mission to thwart Rioh and avert Faudo.[ch. 215]However, Rioh is then overpowered byZeno Bell,Zatch's twin brother.[ch. 259]Zeno is deeply envious of his sibling for procuring the sacred power ofBaofrom their fatherKing Dauwan Bell,[ch. 272]and had removed Zatch's memories out of spite,[ch. 48]but he soon comes around and apologizes upon seeing the error of his own ways.[ch. 275]The last and perhaps most powerful Mamodo encountered isClear Note,who intends to commitomnicideagainst the Mamodo race.[ch. 289][5]Zatch and Kiyo call upon the spells of all the Mamodo they previously met to quash Clear Note and return him to the Mamodo world.[ch. 319]

In the aftermath, Zatch manages to pull through the tournament unscathed even though all of his allies fall and are brought back to the Mamodo world, leaving himself and Brago as the only remaining candidates on Earth. After Kiyo's graduation, the two ilk engage in a final showdown.[ch. 320]Zatch ultimately prevails over Brago, thereby ending the tournament as the victor.[ch. 321]As Zatch departs for the Mamodo world, Kiyo is rewarded a wish in exchange for all his painful memories of everything that had transpired and then given any fortune he desires, but he rejects the gift not wanting to forget Zatch.[ch. 322]Three weeks after the tournament, the Mamodo send a letter to their human counterparts, with Zatch's letter stating that all is well in the Mamodo world.[ch. 323]

Anime

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The anime adaptation ofZatch Bell!is spread over three seasons, referred to as "levels", with distinct arcs. Thefirst seasontakes place in the early stage of the Mamodo tournament and centers primarily on Zatch and Kiyo's character development. Thesecond seasonfollows Zatch and his allies battling Zofis and emphasizes Sherry's quest to rescue Koko from Zofis' throes. Thethird and final seasonrevolves around Faudo which leads Zatch up to a climatic open conflict with Zeno. The anime observes changes from much of the manga. These includeadditional subplotsand characters not featured in the original story.[C]Certain scenes and key events are also altered or chronologically rearranged. For instance, Zatch and Kiyo first learn about Zeno from another Mamodo they encounterep. 16rather than directly from Tia as in the manga,[ch. 39]although she and Megumi corroborate the sighting later on.ep. 21Ponygon also appears earlier in the anime's timelineep. 7than in the manga's.[ch. 56]Discrepancies in the plot are more pronounced during the third season. In particular, Kiyo's death does not occur, and Zeno never repents even when he returns to the Mamodo world.ep. 150Because of the changes, some Mamodo who lose out in the manga survive up to this point. The anime skips the events involving Clear Note and leaves the demise of Zatch's main allies and any remaining Mamodo unresolved. Instead, the series closes with an epilogue showing Zatch and Brago preparing to battle each other as the last two Mamodo on Earth, with the winner not revealed.[6][7]

Production

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Following the ending of his previous series inShogakukan'sShōnen Sunday Supermagazine, Raiku revisited old drafts he created for new ideas for his next series.[8]One of his first ideas was a mercenary who uses a giant sword to defeat enemies. He played with this idea for three months before deciding to abandon it and go for another idea.[8]His next idea involved a middle school student who finds an old toy and, with the help of a noble knight, combats evil. While pitching this idea with his agent,[vague]he was advised to use a cuter character as a fighter, and so the titular characterZatchwas created.[8]After Raiku worked on the idea for a few months, it was published.[8]Raiku said that he intended to create a "passionate story about a heartwarming friendship," and that he used the concept as a central theme while adding the Mamodo, book, and spell concepts. He cited a western magical story he read as a source of inspiration for creating Zatch's redspell book.Zatch's lightning spells allude to the fact that Raiku'snamemeans "lightning" in Japanese. He also mentioned that he createdFolgorewith the words "Invincible Italian Man" as a base.[9]Raiku went on a research trip in England while writing volumes five and six, which both take place in said country.[10]

Zatch Bell!would be Raiku's last manga project published by Shogakukan. Once the series finished in December 2007, the company gave back his original artwork,[11]a common practice for Japanese publishing companies. Of all the documents Raiku received, at least five drawings failed to turn up.[12]Raiku accused Shogakukan of mishandling his artwork and, in 2007, filed a lawsuit seeking damages over the missing documents.[11]He reached a settlement for¥2.55 million (US$24,671.17) later that year.[12]

The house in which Raiku authored the series was unique in that it doubled as a makeshift studio. Inside was a large collection of autographs from various manga artists displayed at the foyer, which was the first thing one would see upon entering the building. His studio also featured a high ceiling to prevent him from becomingclaustrophobic,and he would spend an entire day there to meet a deadline. Raiku's collection of figurines would be displayed on the wall whenever he was present in the house. Raiku admitted that most of his work actually took place at a nearby restaurant where he also did most of hisstoryboarding.He added that there was less distraction, since he was just surrounded by people rather than games or even the Internet. Storyboarding for a regular chapter ofZatch Bell!took about two days for Raiku to make. When the editor approved the storyboard, Raiku summoned four assistants to the house for his project, and a fifth whenever necessary.[13]Raiku sold the property in 2016.[14]

Media

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Manga

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See also:List ofZatch Bell!chapters

Written and illustrated byMakoto Raiku,Zatch Bell!was serialized inShogakukan'sWeekly Shōnen Sundaymagazine from January 10, 2001,[15]to December 26, 2007.[1]The manga ran for a total of 323 chapters, collected in thirty-threetankōbonvolumes, between May 18, 2001,[16]and June 18, 2008.[17]

The series was licensed for the English-language release byViz Media,which also provided the alternate title. The first two volumes of the series were released on August 2, 2005.[18][19]Viz Media discontinued the series after twenty-five volumes, with the last released on June 9, 2009.[20]The manga was also published in English byChuang Yiin Singapore.[21]

In March 2011, Raiku released a one-shot chapter ofZatch Bell!to promote the repackaging of the manga in a newbunkobanformat underKodansha.[22]Sixteen volumes were published between March 8, 2011, and June 7, 2012.[23][24]In July 2018, adigitalsixteen-volumekanzenbanedition ofZatch Bell!was released through Birgdin Board Corp., Raiku'sown publishing company.The re-releases feature newly drawn cover art, color pages from the originalWeekly Shōnen Sundayserialization, and a specialbonus chapterin each volume calledZatch Café,[j]which stars characters from that volume's cover.[25]After successful sales and demand from fans, thekanzenbanedition was released in physical format in 2019.[26]

In February 2022, Raiku announced a sequel to the manga, titledKonjiki no Gash!! 2(Kim sắc の ガッシュ!! 2,Konjiki no Gasshu!! 2),which began itsdigital publicationon various digital book services on March 14 of the same year.[27][28]The first volume was released on September 16, 2022.[29]As of August 23, 2024, four volumes have been released.[30]

Anime

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See also:List ofZatch Bell!episodes

A 150-episodeanimetelevision adaptation, titled in Japan asKonjiki no Gash Bell!!(Kim sắc の ガッシュベル!!,Konjiki no Gasshu Beru!!,"Golden Gash Bell!!" ),was produced byToei Animation,and directed by Tetsuharu Nakamura and Yukio Kaizawa, with Akatsuki Yamatoya and Hiroshi Hashimoto as the lead scriptwriters.[31]It began airing onFuji Televisionon April 6, 2003, and ran for 50 episodes per season, concluding after three seasons on March 26, 2006.[32]The episodes were collected and distributed byPony Canyoninto three DVD series, labeled as "levels", consisting of seventeen DVDs each, totaling fifty-one sets: the first level was released from November 19, 2003,[33]to April 20, 2005;[34]the second level was released from May 18, 2005,[35]to June 21, 2006;[36]the third level was released from July 5, 2006,[37]to March 7, 2007.[38]

ShoPro Entertainment (then VIZ LLC's sister company, later merged to formViz Media)[39]acquired the license to the anime series, under the titleZatch Bell!in 2004,[40]and announced its home video release in August 2005.[41]The English dubbed of the series (produced atStudiopolis)[42]premiered in the United States onCartoon Network's Saturday night programming blockToonamion March 5, 2005.[43][44]The series was also broadcast on the network's daily programming blockMiguzistarting on April 3, 2006.[45]Seventy-seven episodes were broadcast on Cartoon Network until January 20, 2007.[46][27]The series also premiered onYTV's programming blockBionixin Canada on September 9, 2005,[47]and finished with the 104th and last English-dubbed episode on December 6, 2008. Thirteen DVDs, collecting the first fifty-two episodes, were released by Viz Media between November 8, 2005,[48]and December 4, 2007.[49]New Video Groupreleased a DVD box set,Zatch Bell!: The Complete Seasons 1 & 2,on December 3, 2013, which included the first hundred episodes of the English dub.[50]All 104 episodes of the English dub began streaming onCrunchyrollin 2015.[51][52]In June 2017,Starzannounced that it would be offering episodes of the series for itsvideo on demandservice starting on July 1, 2017.[53]

Films

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Toei Animationproduced two animated films based on the TV series, both which serve asspin-offs.The first film,Zatch Bell!: 101st Devil,[k]was released to Japanese theaters on August 7, 2004, and to DVD on December 15, 2004.[54][55]Here, a vengeful Mamodo named Wiseman seeks to illicitly enter the tournament by stealing a coveted white spell book, then baiting Zatch into the Mamodo world as a means of displacing him from the battle for king. The film also explores Zatch's home world in finer detail and how a human partner is selected for each Mamodo, with Wiseman deemed incompatible for one. The second film,Zatch Bell! Movie 2: Attack of Mechavulcan,[l]premiered in Japanese theaters on August 6, 2005, before coming out on DVD on January 2, 2006.[56]This movie tells of a conceited Mamodo scientist, Dr. M2, from the future who invades Earth with an army ofoversized robotsresembling a toy that Kiyo made for Zatch in the main series.

Discotek Medialicensed both films for distribution in North America.[57]They were released onBlu-rayand DVD with the original Japanese audio and English subtitles on March 27 and May 21, 2018, respectively.[58][59]

Video games

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See also:List ofZatch Bell!video games

A number of video games have been created featuring characters of theZatch Bell!series, with all but one beingactionorfighting games.Three games were imported and localized in North America.Zatch Bell! Electric Arena,initially released on December 12, 2003, for theGame Boy Advance,was the very first video game for the series. The second game titledZatch Bell! Mamodo Battles,which debuted on March 25, 2004, for thePlayStation 2andGameCube,became the firstconsole gameinstallment based on the series. Lastly,Zatch Bell! Mamodo Furywas released on December 2, 2004, forPlayStation 2and is the only North American release for the GameCube. A video card game based on the series' CCG is the only installment not featuring in-combat form of gameplay.Eighting,Banpresto,andBandaioversaw the development and publication of theZatch Bell!games; since the merging of Bandai andNamcoin 2004, GameCube versions are published underNamco Bandai Games.

AsmartphoneRPGgame, titledKonjiki no Gash Bell!! Towa no Kizuna no Nakama-tachi(Kim sắc の ガッシュベル!! Vĩnh viễn の vướng の trọng gian たち,"Zatch Bell! Friends are an Eternal Bond" ),developed by Neowiz, is set to be released in 2023, with a closedbeta testtaking place in mid-September.[60]The game is set to be released on January 17, 2024.[61]

Other media

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A toy line made by Mattel and acollectible card game,titledZatch Bell!: The Card Battle,were released byBandaiin the United States and Japan.[62][63][64]

Reception

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Manga

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Zatch Bell!won theShogakukan Manga Awardfor bestshōnentitle of the year in 2003.[65]It ranked 33rd of the top 100 manga series onTV Asahi's Manga Sōsenkyo poll in 2021, in which 150,000 people responded.[66]

By June 2008, the manga had over 22 million copies in circulation;[67]by March 2017, it had 23.8 million copies in circulation, includingdigital versions.[68]By August 2024, theKonjiki no Gash!! 2manga had over 900,000 copies in circulation.[69]

Jason Thompson fromAnime News Networkdescribes the series as "Zatch Bell!was one of hundreds of manga competing to be Number Two in the newly established genre of "heroes who fight using cute-but-violent monster/animal/pet companions." But Zatch is an extreme case because it's SO cute and SO violent, both at the same time, mi xing squash-and-stretch body distortions, heta-uma ugliness, smiling faces and gushing blood ".[70]Mania's Jarred Pine's review of the first volume said that "The characters can look lopsided and out of proportions at times, with Kiyo experiencing Popeye arms on occasion. When the artwork gets more serious, it looks quite good, even though the added effect lines tend to make some panels feel a bit overdramatic, especially when Zatch is crying. The action work can feel quite explosive, with all the lightning bolts and flying icicles and all, which makes the Mamodo battle scenes a lot of fun. He added" The book really started off on the wrong foot with me with the introduction of Kiyo, one of the most irritating and arrogant lead characters in ashōnenmanga. His attitude is not a result of any sort of disposition or a hard life, he’s just a know-it-all that looks down on others. Luckily, Zatch’s quirky and upbeat personality helps balance the scales and quickly goes to work on fi xing Kiyo’s bad attitude ".[71]

Anime

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In 2005, the series ranked 20th onAnimage's anime popularity poll,[72]and 64th in the top 100 anime shows in a web poll conducted by TV Asahi.[73]Although the show's English dub fared poorly in reviews, it became notable for its voiceover cast.Debi Derryberry,the voice for Zatch, was nominated twice for "Best Actress in a Comedy" at theAmerican Anime Awardsfor her role as the titular character,[74]whileJason Spisakplaced fifth in the category "best English voice actor" in the SPJA Industry Award for his role as Kiyo.[75]Dave Wittenbergwas also nominated "Best Male Actor in a Comedy" for his portrayal of Parco Folgore.[76]Philece Samplerwas also accredited for her performance as the minor characterLori.[77]

Anime News Network's Zac Bertschy review of the anime adaptation described it as "...mind-numbingly over-the-top, so enthusiastically bizarre, that it's difficult to not get sucked into its strange little world" but criticized how it was like a "battle your way to the top while learning important lessons about teamwork and courage" anime. He commented how the "sheer exuberance and energy" saves the show from being a bland anime and how it would be the perfect show for kids.[78]IGN's review of the series was mostly negative. IGN's Jason Van Horn criticized the animation, plot, and dubbed voice acting.[79]IGN's JKB stated the books are more interesting than the animation.[80]Common Sense Mediadescribes the story as "isn't just about violence". They also say that there are always challenges, adversities, and questions of identity that the characters face especially Zatch and Kiyo. They compliment how the characters often think aloud when talking about their painful experiences or flashbacks. They applaud on how each of the characters problems in the series are not far off on what kids deal with today. They criticized how the battles uses visuals, languages, sound effects, and dramatic effects that often get drawn out and sometimes become hard to watch. Overall, they said with the graphic violence and the internal struggles that the different characters face throughout the series some parents may not findZatch Bell!appropriate for their children under ten years old.[81]

Other media

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Bandai'sThe Card Battlegame had sold over300 millionunits by May 2004.[82]

Notes

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  1. ^Mamono(Ma vật,lit."demon" );this is expressed as both singular and plural. The English adaptation erroneously pluralizes it as "Mamodos".
  2. ^Demon World(Ma giới,Makai,lit. "Demon Realm" )
  3. ^Spellbook(Ma bổn,Mahon,lit. "magic book" )
  4. ^Jutsu(Thuật)translates to "art", "technique", or "skill". Synonymous with Incantation(Chú văn,Jumon,"Spell" ).
  5. ^Rauzaruku(ラウザルク)in the Japanese release.
  6. ^Poreido(ポレイド).
  7. ^Kokoro no Chikara(Tâm の lực).
  8. ^Kokoro no Enerugī(Tâm の エネルギー),or "strength from within" in the anime's English dub.
  9. ^Baō Zakeruga(バオウ・ザケルガ);Bao Zakergain the English release.
  10. ^Known in Japan asGash Café(ガッシュカフェ,Gasshu Kafe)
  11. ^Known in Japan as"Gekijou Ban Konjiki no Gash Bell!! 101 Banme no Mamono"(Kịch trường bản kim sắc の ガッシュベル!! “１０１ phiên mục の ma vật”,lit. "Movie Golden Gash Bell!! Unlisted demon #101" )
  12. ^Known in Japan as"Gekijou BanKonjiki no Gash Bell!! Mecabarukan no raishuu"(Kịch trường bản kim sắc の ガッシュベル!! “メカバルカン の đột kích”,lit. "Movie Golden Gash Bell!! Attack of the Mechavulcan" )
  1. ^A concert ticket that Kiyo holds in the anime is dated 2003.ep. 14
  2. ^This is one of three scenarios described in the franchise. The second is the Mamodo world in which the Mamodo are free to cast spells as they desire. The anime introduces a third scenario called the "In-Between-World"(Dị thế giới,Yisekai,lit."different world"),where spells can be cast independently but only in the presence of a spell book.eps. 96–98
  3. ^They appear in a colored montage at the end of the manga series.[vol. 33]

References

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  1. ^abLoo, Egan (December 28, 2007)."Zatch Bell Manga Ends After 7 Years, 323 Installments".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on September 28, 2009.RetrievedAugust 19,2009.
  2. ^Thompson, Jason(July 3, 2012).Manga: The Complete Guide(Kindle).Del Rey Books.pp.1350–1352.ISBN978-0-345-53944-1.
  3. ^"Cartoon Network gears up for 2005 with new acquisitions".Indian Television.April 12, 2005.Archivedfrom the original on January 24, 2021.RetrievedJune 12,2023.
  4. ^abcBeckford, Brandon (June 28, 2020)."Anime Arsenal: Zatch Bell's Mamodo Spell Books, Explained".Comic Book Resources.RetrievedJune 6,2024.
  5. ^Thompson, Jason (August 14, 2014)."House of 1000 Manga - Zatch Bell".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on October 4, 2022.RetrievedOctober 4,2022.
  6. ^Lobato, Daniel (January 21, 2023)."12 Anime That Were Cancelled Before Their Stories Could Conclude Properly".Comic Book Resources.RetrievedJune 23,2024.
  7. ^Davis, Angela (May 26, 2024)."10 Anime that Absolutely NEED New Seasons to Continue Their Story".Screen Rant.RetrievedJune 29,2024.
  8. ^abcdRaiku, Makoto (May 18, 2001).Kim sắc の ガッシュ!!(in Japanese). Vol. 1.Shogakukan.ISBN978-4-09-126231-8.
  9. ^"Origins, Creator Q & A".Viz Media. Archived fromthe originalon January 29, 2010.RetrievedAugust 19,2009.
  10. ^Raiku, Makoto (July 18, 2002).Kim sắc の ガッシュ!!.Kim sắc の ガッシュ!! (in Japanese). Vol. 6.Shogakukan.ISBN978-4-09-126236-3.
  11. ^ab"News: Gash/Zatch Bell Manga Creator Raiku Sues Shogakukan (Updated)ArchivedFebruary 15, 2011, at theWayback Machine."Anime News Network.June 6, 2008. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
  12. ^abLoo, Egan (November 11, 2008)."Gash/Zatch Bell's Raiku Wins 2.55M Yen over Lost Art (Update)".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on March 13, 2022.RetrievedMarch 13,2022.
  13. ^“Kim sắc の ガッシュ!!” の tác giả である truyện tranh gia, lôi câu thành さんにいろいろとインタビューしてきました.Gigazine(in Japanese). June 20, 2008.Archivedfrom the original on October 25, 2023.RetrievedDecember 5,2023.
  14. ^Sherman, Jennifer (October 26, 2016)."House of Gash/Zatch Bell's Makoto Raiku Posted for Sale Online".Anime News Network.Archivedfrom the original on October 21, 2021.RetrievedOctober 21,2021.
  15. ^Raiku, Makoto (January 17, 2011).Lôi câu thành の hôm nay こ の ごろ.: Cảm tưởng コーナー４, そして・・・.Makoto Raiku's official blog(in Japanese).Archivedfrom the original on February 22, 2019.RetrievedFebruary 22,2019.あれからもう１０ năm も の thời đại が lưu れた の ですね・・・. １０ năm trước の ２００１ năm １ nguyệt １０ ngày. Nay でも sơ めて bổn làm を tay にとって mắt にした khi の ことは tiên minh に tư い ra されます. Đệ nhất thoại の ガッシュ の thật っ thẳng ぐな ngôn diệp に chịu けた hướng kích. それは nay でも quyết して quên れません. そして, ラスト の bạo phát đầu の thanh mi đạt の ことも ( cười ).
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  28. ^@raikumakoto (March 7, 2022).“Kim sắc の ガッシュ!! ２” đệ 1 lời nói
    ３ nguyệt １４ ngày, các điện tử hiệu sách にて xứng tin bắt đầu です.
    Nay hồi の CM động họa もクリックすると, カッコイイ khúc がついてきます. 😊    (Tweet) (in Japanese) – viaTwitter.
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