Wikipedia

Zaventem

Zaventem(Dutch pronunciation:[ˈzaːvəntɛm]) is amunicipalityin theprovinceofFlemish Brabant,in theFlemish regionofBelgium.It is located in theDijlelandarea, one of the three large recreational areas which together form theGroene Gordel( "Green Belt" ) around theBrussels-Capital Region.The municipality comprises the subdivisions ordeelgemeentenofNossegem,Sint-Stevens-Woluwe,Sterrebeekand Zaventem proper. The municipality is a suburb of Brussels, and Sint-Stevens-Woluwe directly borders the city, specifically theWoluwe-Saint-Lambertmunicipality.

Zaventem
Municipality
Flag of Zaventem
Flag
Coat of arms of Zaventem
Coat of arms
Location of Zaventem
Map
Zaventem is located in Belgium
Zaventem
Zaventem
Location in Belgium
Location of Zaventem in Flemish Brabant
Coordinates:50°52′N04°28′E/ 50.867°N 4.467°E/50.867; 4.467
CountryBelgium
CommunityFlemish Community
RegionFlemish Region
ProvinceFlemish Brabant
ArrondissementHalle-Vilvoorde
Government
• MayorIngrid Holemans (Open Vld)
• Governing party/iesOpen Vld,CD&V
Area
• Total
27.73 km2(10.71 sq mi)
Population
(2021-01-01)[1]
• Total
35,184
• Density1,300/km2(3,300/sq mi)
Postal codes
1930, 1932, 1933
NIS code
23094
Area codes02
Websitezaventem.be

On 1 January 2006, Zaventem had a total population of 28,651. The total area is 27.62 km2(10.66 sq mi), which gives apopulation densityof 1,037/km2(2,690/sq mi). The official language of Zaventem isDutch,as in the rest ofFlanders.Zaventem is the home ofBrussels Airport,together with neighbouring town ofDiegem.

Etymology

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The old spelling of the municipality's name is Saventhem, but the oldest notation of Zaventem isSaventa,which dates from records in 1117. There are several hypotheses on the meaning of the name. One of them refers to the seven pools or small ponds that existed in the area during medieval times. Another one refers to small ponds in a sandy environment (sabulous clay). Others interpret the name Zaventem as a reconfiguration ofzeven tommen(meaningseven (Gallo-Roman)tumuliorburial mounds) orzaaivelden(meaningfield for sowing).[2]

History

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The earliest history of Zaventem goes back to theneolithicand theRoman era.From burial remains it has become clear that the area also was inhabited during the times of theFrankish Empireand theMerovingian dynasty.Zaventem was part of theCounty of Ukkeland theCounty of Leuvensuccessively before it was added to theDuchy of Brabant.Around the tenth century, Zaventem was owned by theAbbey of Nivelles.The village center arose at the crossing of two important roads betweenVilvoordeandTervuren,and betweenBrusselsandErps,with the church at the center of this growing village. Theparishwas established before the ninth century but the church, which was named after thepatron saintSaint Martin,came to be owned by the Abbey of Nivelles at the end of the ninth century. In 1147 the right of ownership was transferred to theDiocese of Cambrai.The parish remained dependent on this diocese until 1559 after which theArchdiocese of Mechelentook it over.

Lords of Saventhem

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Main article:Lord of Saventhem and Sterrebeke

From 1112 to 1122, thevassalof Lambertus de Craynhem, theLord of Saventhem,was called Ricardus de Saventen. It has been thought thatde Saventenwas a localnoble familythat coexisted with the noble family of thede Craynhemoverlords. At that time,Forest Abbeyand theAbbey of Kortenbergwere important landowners. Thefeudalheerlijkheidof Zaventem then came to be owned by theknightHendrik van der Meeren only after it was owned by another noble family. In 1381, he was officially recognised as the Lord of Saventhem and his family continued to own it until 1605. They possessed a castle close to the parish church but this was broken down during the second half of the 1920s.

Ferdinand van Boisschot (1571–1649),1st Baron of Saventhem,attributed toAnthony van Dyck(1630)

In 1605, theChancellorof theDuchy of Brabant,Ferdinand van Boisschot(1560–1649) became the Lord of Zaventem, and when he was made abaronin 1621, Zaventem became abaronywhich subsequently expanded with the villagesNossegem,SterrebeekandSint-Stevens-Woluwe.The de Boisschot family remained the proprietor until theFrench Revolution.[citation needed]

Originally, there was a large forest northwest of Zaventem calledSaventerlowhere theDukes of Brabantused to go hunting. The area was largely deforested in the 17th century. Nevertheless, Zaventem remained predominantly agricultural during the most part of the nineteenth century but its industrial activities go at least back to the 13th century. During this time, variouswater millswere installed on theWoluwe Riverthat were later converted topaper mills.Initially, the river had many bends along its path in Zaventem which made the supply of energy from the water power rather difficult. In 1208,Godfrey, Duke of Brabantgave orders to alter and elevate the pathway of the Woluwe River so that the watermills would be supplied with a sufficient amount of water.[citation needed]This greatly benefited the paper industry later on in the 18th and 19th century.[citation needed]

Zaventem municipal building, formerly the Feldheim Villa

From the 18th century however, Zaventem gradually changes from an agricultural community to an industrial community. Especially the construction of the road betweenLeuvenandBrusselsfrom 1705 to 1710, contributed to this evolution. From 1850, the development of steam engines even intensified the process of industrialisation, having a negative effect on agricultural activities. Gradually, the largeleasehold estatesof farmland were replaced in the 19th century by houses of labourers. In 1866, the railway track between Brussels and Leuven, as a sign of the industrial era, was inaugurated splitting Zaventem into two parts. In addition to the paper industry, industrial activity also started to revolve around thetanningof leather in the late 19th century. At the start of the 20th century, the car manufacturerExcelsior,that would become world-renowned later on, produced some of its cars in a factory in Zaventem. All these industrial initiatives prompted the building of various small castles and grand villas in the municipality for theexecutive directorsof the companies such as the Feldheim Villa of the wealthy eponymous family that was involved in the tanning industry. After World War II, however, many of the factories were forced to close, unable to keep up with foreign competition.[2]

With the building ofBrussels Airportat the occasion ofBrussels World's Fairin 1958, the features of Zaventem's landscape have been altered drastically.[3][4]The location used to be the place of the large Saventerlo Forest. Nevertheless, the airport gave a tremendous boost to local employment that benefited Zaventem greatly. Added to that the strong growth of semi-industrial companies during the 1960s and 1970s Zaventem became an important economic hub.[2]

2016 Brussels bombings

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During the2016 Brussels bombings,two explosions took place inBrussels Airport,Zaventem, 22 March 2016 at 07:58 local time. One near the American Airlines and Brussels Airlines check-in desks and one next to a Starbucks coffee shop. A third bomb was found in the airport and was detonated by a controlled explosion. The airport was to remain closed until 24 March but was extended till 28 March. Flights bound to Brussels Airport were either canceled or diverted to nearby airports such as Brussels South Charleroi Airport, Ostend–Bruges International Airport, and Schiphol. At 09:11 CET an explosion took place atMaelbeek/Maalbeek metro station.ISIL claimed responsibility for the attacks as an act of revenge against Belgium for participation in the ongoing Military intervention against ISIL.[2]

Places of interest

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Church of Saint Martin and Anthony van Dyck's masterpiece

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Saint Martin Dividing his CloakbyAnthony van Dyckin the Church of Saint Martin

TheChurch of Saint Martin[nl],named afterSaint Martin of Tours,was built in 1567 and has been a protected monument since 1938. Originally, the church was a typicalbasilicalchurch inRomanesque architecturewith threenaves,an eastern tower and anapse.In the 16th century, the church was converted into aGothicbuilding and further enlarged in the 19th century. It contains a 1618 painting ofSaint Martin Dividing his Cloak,which was installed in 1621.

De Veste Museum of Local History

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The museum exhibits objects that are mainly loaned from a society for local history. They are primarily old objects that were used in the past, such as weighing instruments,threshingand transport material, archival pieces regarding local societies, municipal governments and economic activities. In addition, there are artefacts that were used for farming purposes and folkloric instruments ofcraftsmenand other professions. Furthermore, there are also artefacts relating to the monarchy, the church life, the world wars andhistoriographicalaccounts and flags of Zaventem. Outside large agricultural instruments are exhibited likeploughs,andharvestingmachines to grub upchicory.The building of the museum was erected in 1957 as a storage place in the architectural style of a 17th-century house to refer to the houses that used to be in the area during that century. In 1977, the building was fully restored and converted into the local history museum.[5]

Mariadal Castle

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The Mariadal Castle in the municipal park was built at the end of the 19th century by the archeologist Baron Emile de Munck. It contains two building layers and sevenbays,one of which being occupied by the round tower. The roof has severaldormers.The building has been used for different purposes such as a public secondary school,horecabusinesses, and the offices of thePublic Centre for Social Welfare.In 1988 the complex was renovated and reopened as a cultural community center. The location of the castle used to be the place where the 17th centuryhomesteadHof van Ophemstood (and still partially exists). On the terrain used to be a homestead that functioned as afiefof theDuke of Brabant.It depended on the oldter MeerenCastle of the eponymous Lords of Zaventem. Because of various hereditary separations, the homestead went its own way and was sold to noblemen fromBrusselsin the 16th century. The domain was reunited in the 17th century.[6]

House of the Seven Knights

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The House of the Seven Knights ( "Huis der Zeven Ridders" ) is a building from the 17th century and was the property of the du Bois or vanden Bossche family. It therefore was called the vanden Bossche House (Huize vanden Bossche) and unrightfully the House of the Seven Knights. In 1312, the ruling vander Meerens family fromSterrebeekacquired afiefhomestead calledThe Seven Fiefs of Wezembeekthat were sold to Ferdinand van Boisschot in the 17th century. In several charters there is a mentioning of theSeven Hereditary Lords of Zaventemand theSevenantship of Wesembeeck(Seventnantschap van Wesembeeck) who decided on important decisions so they possibly controlled the homestead at some point. It is wrong, however, that the vanden Bossche House is called the House of the Seven Knights considering that the former is a mansion from the 17th century. Because of their multitude of properties the vanden Bossche family was highly regarded amongst the people, which may explain the confusion.[6]

Stockmans Mill

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House with built heritage status, formerly theter Beke Court

TheStockmans Mill(Stockmansmolen) is the onlywatermillthat is left in Zaventem. Its history goes back to the 13th century when during the time ofHenry III, Duke of Brabantthe mill was mentioned in an official document of 1249. Around 1450, this mill company belonged to the van der Beke family, which is why it was called theter Beke Mill,at that time adjacent to theter Beke Court.The court and the mill were separated in the 16th and 17th century due to a series of inheritances and sales. From 1675 until the beginning of the 19th century, the mill remained the property of the highly esteemed vanden Bossche family. In 1807 the mill was sold to Karel de Velder. When during theBelgian Revolutionof 1830,Dutchtroops were stationed in the fields along theWoluwe Riverbetween Zaventem andSint-Stevens-Woluwe,millerKarel de Velder stopped the water from flowing through in order to flood the fields and the Dutch would retreat. The mill subsequently became the property of the Stockmans family after Karel de Velder's granddaughter married Jan Philippe Stockmans, hence the name "Stockmans Mill". The watermill was used to grind the grains, and later it was also used as apaper mill.Watermills contributed greatly to the early industrialisation of the area. It remained functioning until the mid-20th century but its condition decreased gravely. A private owner bought it and renovated it in the end of the 1980s to convert it into a restaurant and tavern.[6]Stockmansmolen is now a popular burger restaurant.

Infrastructure

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Zaventem Fire Department

The Zaventem Fire Department (Brandweer Zaventem) provides fire protection services.[7]

Railway stations in the municipality includeZaventem[nl;fr],Brussels AirportandNossegem[nl;fr].

The municipality contains a major road intersection where theBrussels Ring(R0) meets theA3(towardsLeuvenandLiège); the junction on the ring road serving the town is further north, while the intersection with theA201serving the airport (and labelled Zaventem) is actually located within Machelen.

Economy

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European Air Transporthas its head office in Building 4–5 on the grounds of Brussels Airport and in Zaventem.[8]Belgium's airspace is generally considered to be the busiest and most complex of Europe.[9]

Ingersoll Randhas its European headquarters in the Alma Court building inSint-Stevens-Woluwe,Zaventem.[10]

Former companies

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When it existed,Virgin Expresshad its head office in Building 116 on the grounds of Brussels Airport and in Zaventem.[11]SN Brussels,which formed in 2002, had its head office in Airport Building 117 when it existed.[12]Prior to its disestablishment,Sabenahad its head office in the Sabena House in Zaventem.[13]Prior to its disestablishment,Sobelairhad its head office in Building 45 on the grounds of the airport and in Zaventem.[14][15]WhenTrans European Airwaysexisted, its head office was in Building 117 ofMelsbroek Airport.[16]WhenCityBirdexisted its head office was in Building 117D in Melsbroek Airport in Zaventem.[17]WhenCargo B Airlinesexisted, its head office was in the Brucargo Building 706 in Zaventem.[18]

National airport

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Brussels Airportis the national airport of Belgium. It covers an area of 1245 hectares with about 225,000 flight movements and at least 19 million passengers annually, therefore making it the largest airport in Belgium. The airport is located in theprovinceofFlemish Brabanton the municipal territory of Zaventem,MachelenandSteenokkerzeel,and it is run by theBrussels Airport Company,previously known by the abbreviation BIAC. The Belgian capital Brussels is at a distance of 12 km (7 mi) and it is easily accessible both by car and by public transport, including train, bus and taxi. You can take the train and hop off directly at the airport or park your car in a nearby parking facility. The airport is easily accesibel by train from various cities. Not only from Belgian cities, but also from international cities likeParisorAmsterdam.

History

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ABoeing 707-329C ofSabenaat Zaventem National Airport in 1966

The home of the national airport originates in the municipality ofEvere.During theFirst World War,theGermanoccupier started building an 'airfield' there because of the proximity ofBrussels,the connection to the road toHaachtand the flat terrain. After the war, however, the airfield came into the hands of theBelgian air force.

At the end of the 1930s, theBelgian Ministry of Defencepurchased land inMelsbroekto build a new airfield. Shortly after, theSecond World Warbroke loose during which the Germans set up an airport in Melsbroek during the occupation.

Only starting the 1950s, Zaventem was chosen by theBelgian governmentas the location for a national airport. Even Melsbroek was too small, especially taking the number of visitors ofBrussels World's Fairof 1958 into account. The Melsbroek premises were now made available to the air force.

The buildings of the Zaventem airport were designed in 1956-1958 byMaxime Brunfaut,Georges BontinckandJos Moutschen.It was initially estimated that it should have a maximum capacity of 6 million passengers per year. The 1950s were characterised by an uncurbed belief in technological progress. This was translated into the architecture by using such materials as aluminium, concrete, steel, and glass. The transit hall was intended as a striking feature with a space of a 100m long, 55m wide and 18m high, covered with a curved roof structure out of aluminium. Over the years, expansions and adjustments were made, leading to the loss of much of the original design. In 1994, Pier B was put into use so that 21 million passengers could be handled annually. Pier A was opened in 2002 to ensure a better flow and increased passenger comfort, processing another 25 million passengers annually.[19]

Education

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Schools in Zaventem include Gemeentelijke (community) as well as catholic primary and secondary schools, and Gemeentelijke Academie voor Muziek, Woord en Dans.[20]Brussels American School(A United StatesDepartment of Defense Education Activityschool for dependents ofUnited States Department of Defensepersonnel assigned toNATO) is in Sterrebeek.

Zaventem has a library.[21]

Parks and recreation

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Seven parks are located in Zaventem.[22]

International relations

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Zaventem's twin towns
See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Belgium

Twin towns – Sister cities

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Zaventem istwinnedwith:

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See also

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List of mayors[nl]

References

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  1. ^Statbel,WikidataQ12480
  2. ^abcdThe investaris van het bouwkundig erfgoed – Zaventem,Inventaris Onroerend Erfgoed, retrieved 2014-07-22.
  3. ^Geschiedenis van ZaventemArchived28 July 2014 at theWayback Machine,Immoweb.be, retrieved 2014-07-22.
  4. ^HistoryArchived28 June 2014 at theWayback Machine,Brussels Airport, retrieved 2014-07-22.
  5. ^Heemkundig Museum "De Veste",Gemeente Zaventem – Cultuur en Toerisme, retrieved 2014-07-23.
  6. ^abcVan Dyck pad,retrieved 2014-07-23.
  7. ^"Brandweer."Zaventem. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
  8. ^"General Conditions of CarriageArchived9 July 2011 at theWayback Machine."DHL.Retrieved 27 June 2010. "European Air Transport N.V./S.A., a company registered in Belgium with its business address at Building 4–5, Brussels Airport, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium"
  9. ^"'Green' landings at Brussels AirportArchived29 June 2012 at theWayback Machine.".21 March 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2012." The airspace above Belgium is generally considered to be the most complex and busiest of Europe "
  10. ^"Contact UsArchived2 January 2011 at theWayback Machine."Ingersoll Rand.Retrieved 18 January 2011. "Europe Headquarters Alma Court Building Lenneke Marelaan 6 1932 Sint-Stevens-Woluwe Belgium"
  11. ^"World Airline Directory."Flight Global.30 March – 5 April 2004.92.
  12. ^"World Airline Directory."Flight International.30 March – 5 April 2004.71.
  13. ^Von Schreiber, Sylvia. "Organisierte Pleite."Der Spiegel.26 November 2001. "Wenige Stunden vorher geschah noch weit Merkwürdigeres: Polizisten der Brüsseler" Aufspürungsbrigade 4 "drangen in die Privatwohnungen von vier Managern und in das Firmengebäude Sabena House am Flughafen Zaventem ein."
  14. ^"Survey: World Airlines."Flight International.1–7 April 2003.74.
  15. ^"Contact Us."Sobelair. 5 December 2002. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
  16. ^"World Airline Directory."Flight International.1 April 1989.126.
  17. ^"CityBird Offices."CityBird.Retrieved 3 November 1999.
  18. ^"cargo b in Belgium."Cargo B Airlines.18 April 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2012. "Brucargo Building 706 Box 75 1931 Zaventem, Belgium"
  19. ^Nationale Luchthaven Zaventem,Gemeente Zaventem – Cultuur en Toerisme, retrieved 2014-07-23.
  20. ^"Gemeentelijk onderwijs(academy of music, spoken word and dance). "Zaventem. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
  21. ^"Bibliotheek."Zaventem. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
  22. ^"Parken.Zaventem. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
  23. ^"Road sign in Zaventem naming its twin towns".5 November 2009.Retrieved1 November2018.
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