Wikipedia

Zeppelin NT

TheZeppelin NT("NeueTechnologie ",Germanfornew technology) is a class of helium-filledairshipsbeing manufactured since the 1990s by the German companyZeppelin Luftschifftechnik GmbH(ZLT) inFriedrichshafen.[1]The initial model is the N07. The company considers itself the successor of the companies founded byFerdinand von Zeppelinwhich constructed and operated the very successfulZeppelinairships in the first third of the 20th century. There are, however, a number of notable differences between the Zeppelin NT and original Zeppelins as well as between the Zeppelin NT and usual non-rigid airships known asblimps.The Zeppelin NT is classified as asemi-rigid airship.[2]

Zeppelin NT
Zeppelin NTD–LZZFin flight (2010)
General information
TypeUtility airship
National originGermany
ManufacturerZeppelin Luftschifftechnik
Number built7
History
First flight18 September 1997
View from cockpit of a Zeppelin NT

There are various roles for the Zeppelin NT; traditional roles have been aerial tourism purposes and for conducting passenger services. The hull surfaces of the aircraft have also been used foradvertisingpurposes. The Zeppelin NT have also been used for observation platforms, such as foraerial photographersand by television commentators covering major events. Due to their capability for low-vibration flight for up to 24 hours at a time, ZLT considers the airships suitable for research missions for environmental observation,troposphereresearch and natural resource prospecting.

Development

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The modern development and construction embodied by the Zeppelin NT had been financed by a long-standing endowment, which had been initially funded with money left over from the earlier Zeppelin company, that had been under the trusteeship of the Mayor ofFriedrichshafen.A stipulation had been placed upon the endowment that limited the use of its funds to the field of airships. Over the many years, the investment value of the endowment grew to a point where it had become viable for the funds to be put to use for the purpose of designing, developing, and constructing of a new generation of Zeppelins.

In 1988, the first considerations into the technological and economic feasibility of reviving the Zeppelin industry began; this included examinations of historic Zeppelin documentation as well as current designs for airships.[3]In December 1990, a feasibility study and accompanying market research program found an initial sales potential for around eighty Zeppelin airships for purposes such as tourism, advertising, and scientific research. In mid 1991, the newly formed development team filed several patents on various technologies that would be later used on the subsequent airship, these included propeller arrangements, structure and girder design, andballonetimplementation.[3]In March 1991, a flyable remote controlproof of conceptmodel was demonstrated, which is claimed to have revealed excellent flight characteristics from the onset.[3]

In September 1993, the Zeppelin Luftschifftechnik GmbH (ZLT) was founded in Friedrichshafen as a corporate spin-off of the original Zeppelin company to pursue development and production of the new generation of Zeppelins, later known as the Zeppelin NT (New Technology). By spring 1994, preparatory studies for a full-sized prototype were underway.[3]In 1995, theLuftfahrt-Bundesamt,Germany'scivil aviation authority,officially recognized ZLT as a design organisation, and approved new construction regulations for airships. In November 1995, final assembly of the first airship prototype commenced, it was promoted as being the first rigid airship to be produced by the firm since theSecond World War.[4]In July 1996, the under-construction prototype of the Zeppelin N07 was presented to the public and the media.[3]In September 1997, the prototype performed itsmaiden flightat Friedrichshafen; piloted by US test pilot Scott Danneker, it flew for a total of 40 minutes.[3][5]

On 8 August 1998, the Zeppelin N07 prototype performed a cross-country flight viaAltenrhein,SwitzerlandtoEchterdingennearStuttgart,Germany; at the end of this journey, the prototype also accomplished its firstmastingaway from Friedrichshafen upon landing atStuttgart Airport.[3]The test program included noise level measurements, avionics tests, and take-offs and landings. In October 1999, the prototype completed a 680 km (420 mi) journey, its longest distance flight at that point. According to the manufacturer, the Zeppelin N07 prototype had proven the technical design by mid 1998, and thus could be applied to production models without major modifications.[3]

On 2 July 2000, the centennial of the firstZeppelinflight, the prototype was christenedD-LZFN Friedrichshafenby Count Zeppelin's granddaughter, Elisabeth Veil.[3]In July 2000, the prototype performed a high-profile tour of Germany, travelled more than 3,600 km (2,200 mi) in about 75 flight hours and appearing at theExpo 2000atHannover.By December 2000, the flight test programme was completed; during which, the prototype had accumulated in excess of 800 flight hours over roughly 220 flights.[3]In June 2001, the prototype appeared at theParis Air Show,the occasion being the first time that a Zeppelin had cruised aboveParissince the 1920s.[3][6]

In May 1999, the production of the components for the first production airship was started.[3]In February 2000, the support structure assembly of the first series airship was completed, while the envelope was attached to the support structure in May that year.[3]In 2001, the company formally commenced series manufacturing of the Zeppelin NT, and began the commercial exploitation of the airships. In April 2001, the Luftfahrt-Bundesamt issuedtype certificationfor the Zeppelin N07, a key step towards commercial operations; that same month, ZLT became a certified airship-manufacturing company.[3]On 19 May 2001, the first production airship conducted its maiden flight, flying for two and a half hours. On 10 August 2001, the first production airshipSN 02was christenedD-LZZR BodenseebyCarl, Duke of Württemberg;five days later, it began providing commercial passenger services, initially involving one-hour sightseeing flights overLake Constanceto members of the public up to ten times per day.[3]

Design

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Overview

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Zeppelin NTD-LZZRat the airport in Friedrichshafen, 2003

The Zeppelin NT series are a family ofsemi-rigidairships,combining the design principles of rigid airships andblimpstogether.[7]The Zeppelin N07, the base model and most commonly constructed to date, are 75 metres (246 ft) long, with a volume of 8,225 cubic metres (290,500 cu ft).[1][8]They are thus considerably smaller than the old Zeppelins, which reached a maximum volume of 200,000 m3(7,100,000 cu ft), such as theLZ 129Hindenburg.Furthermore, they are inflated exclusively with the non-flammablenoble gashelium,rather than withhydrogen.[9][10]

The Zeppelin NT, designed more than 60 years after the last generation of Zeppelins were built and making use of advances inmaterial scienceandcomputer-aided design,is claimed to overcome some of the typical maneuverability, safety, and economic disadvantages of airships.[7]In particular, the propulsion system offers significantly increased safety.[7]In standard operations with a maximum payload, the gas cells do not create enoughbuoyancyto make the whole ship "lighter-than-air." The negative buoyancy is overcome with the application of engine power. The buoyancy can change when traveling with a reduced payload and partially emptied fuel tanks, but typically the Zeppelin NT starts a journey with a net downward force of about 3,000 newtons (670 lbf); on long trips, the airship can become lighter–than–air if much of its fuel is consumed.

The design typically has a range of some 900 kilometres (560 mi) and reaches top speeds of 125 kilometres per hour (78 mph). The standard cruising speed of 70 km/h (43 mph) for tourist flights can be attained using the rear propeller only. Standard operational altitude is 300 m (980 ft), but up to 2,600 m (8,500 ft) is possible. Their maximum permitted takeoff weight is 10,960 kilograms (24,160 lb), with a payload of 1,900 kg (4,200 lb). A long endurance system can also be installed for extended range and longer flight times.[3]

Hull and structure

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The Zeppelin NT is asemi-rigidairship. It is unlike both the original Zeppelins that had a rigid skeleton and non-rigid blimps. It has an internal triangulartrussmade ofgraphite-reinforced plasticand three longitudinal girders made of weldedaluminiumwhich connect the triangular elements along the length of the frame.[11]Additionally, the structure is tightened witharamidcords to provide for extra rigidity. All major components, such as the engines, control cabin and the steering fins, are mounted upon the structure; this allows maneuverability to be maintained even in the event of envelope pressure being lost. The whole structure weighs only about 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb).[8][10]

The envelope contains the lighter-than-air helium which gives the airship its buoyancy. Inside historical Zeppelins, the gas cells were separate entities from the hull; however, on the Zeppelin NT, the envelope serves both as the aircraft's hull and as the gas cell. It is made of a three-layeredlaminate:one gas-tight layer ofTedlar(PVF), onepolyesterfabric layer to provide stability and onepolyurethanelayer suitable forplastic weldingthat acts to connect the separate laminate panels. To preserve its outer form, a slight overpressure of about 5 millibars (0.073 psi) is maintained within the hull. As inblimps,the interior pressure is kept constant at all flight altitudes by usingballonets.The ballonets have a total volume of 2,000 cubic metres (71,000 cu ft).[10][12]

On the external surfaces of the Zeppelin NT are several equipment attachment points, including multiplehardpointspresent for the purpose of installing cameras of up to 65 kg weight; an optional nose-mounted boom can be installed for attaching sensor equipment or scientific probes. Payloads can also be suspended underneath the airship via acargo hookarrangement using the floor hatch present in the cabin.[13]Due to thecenter of gravityand the location of the cabin being different, two sets of non-retractablelanding gearare installed on the underside of the airship, the forward set being directly attached to the cabin's underside and the aft set upon the primary structure itself.[14]

Propulsion and steering

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Side thrusters visible on approach

Power for the Zeppelin NT's propulsion systems is provided by a trio of 147-kilowatt (197 hp)Textron Lycoming IO-360boxer aviation engines,fueled by standardaviation gasoline.These engines are mounted on the sides and rear of the structure itself to provide optimum efficiency; this arrangement also increases in-flight comfort due to reduced levels of propeller noise and vibration.[10]In addition to thrust, each engine also provides maneuverability via their swiveling propellers; the two forward engines are equipped withhydraulically-actuated tilting propellers which are usually aligned horizontally, but can be turned 90° upward or 30° downward, while the aft engine powers a fixed lateral propeller.[10][15]Each engine is furnished with separate fuel tanks and supply systems that typically operate independently of one another.[16]

The swiveling propellers have been claimed to have provided the Zeppelin NT with unique flight characteristics, such as being able to hover precisely, fly backwards, take off vertically, and turn on its axis. The functionality of the swiveling propellers allows the Zeppelin NT to carry out both take-offs and landing operations entirely in the vertical plane. During such operations, only three ground personnel are required, lowering costs and minimizing turnaround times as a consequence.[10][17]In 2010, development of an improved propeller capable of quieter operation was completed.[3]

Instead of fourrudderand elevator fins set on the airship's empennage, the Zeppelin NT uses only three identical fins; one fin being set at the top with the others offset at an angle of 120 degrees to either side of the top fin.[18]This arrangement not only saves weight, but as a side effect, the loss of one fin can be compensated with the remaining two. The aerodynamically balanced rudders are equipped with independent electrical actuators.[18]

Cockpit and cabin

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Instrument Panel of Zeppelin NTD–LZZR(2003)

The two-man cockpit of the Zeppelin NT is equipped with modern avionics systems and provides similar levels of external visibility to that of a helicopter. The flight controls make use offly-by-wiretechnology to reduce physical demands upon the pilot as well as enable the execution of precision maneuvers; the pilot uses a singlejoystickto steer the airship across the three dimensions.[10][19]The Zeppelin NT is certified for single pilot operations; the second seat is often used by aflight attendantduring tourist operations.[20]Elements of the airship's avionics, including navigation, communication, and air data systems, can be directly interfaced with the mission support systems; an 8kVA additional electrical power system is also present.[13]In early 2012, ZLT and Goodyear signed an agreement to replace the Zeppelin NT's instrumentation and display systems, upgrading the cockpit to feature aglass cockpit.[21]

The base model of the Zeppelin NT has a passenger capacity of 12 in addition to a crew of two; alternatively, it is capable of lifting payloads of up to 1,900 kg (4,200 lb). In contrast, the original Zeppelin designs carried over a hundred passengers and crew, with a nearly even ratio of passengers to crew members.[22]The Zeppelin NT has been equipped with a variable cabin structure, allowing it to be quickly changed for various purposes and missions.[10]Entrance and egress of the cabin for both cargo and passengers is provided by a pair of large hinged floor-level doors.[20]In a passenger configuration, up to 13 seats equipped withseatbeltsmay be installed along with heating/air conditioningsystems, akitchenette,and arestroomin the rear cabin area; large wraparound windows are also present to provide panoramic views of the outside.[9][23]Amongst the possible seating configurations, more luxuriousVIPlayouts are also available. Alternatively, mission equipment can be installed in the cabin area.[24]

Operational history

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TheDLRZeppelin NT was used to study traffic patterns.

Seven Zeppelin NTs have been built to date.

D-LZFN, Friedrichshafen

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Zeppelin NT (D-LZFN) ofFriedrichshafen

The prototype Zeppelin NT (SN 01),D-LZFN, Friedrichshafen,was intended to be used for training pilots for special flights and for presentations. During theOktoberfestof 2002 a Zeppelin NT was used for radio experiments in connection with the EuropeanGalileo positioning systemproject for theGerman Aerospace Centerand theESA.It was intended that all further ships would be used commercially or sold. As a tribute to the days ofZeppelin mail,a number of mail-carrying flights were planned.Steve FossettandPaul Stroehleset the current speed record for airships over a distance of one kilometer on Wednesday, October 27, 2004 inFriedrichshafen,Germanywith a Zeppelin NT. The new world record was set to 111.8 kilometres per hour (69.5 mph), an improvement of 19 km/h (12 mph).

Starting in late 2005 theFriedrichshafenwas based in Jwaneng, adiamondmining town in southernBotswana,where it conducted an airborne geophysical survey on behalf ofDe BeersProspecting Botswana. The airship was moved from Amsterdam to Cape Town by ship and then flown to Gaborone where a Lockheed Martin full tensorgravity gradiometerwas installed.[25]This instrument, owned and operated by Bell Geospace, measures changes in the Earth's gravity field associated with geological density variations. The technology is based on accelerometers and the data quality is sensitive to the turbulence and motion usually associated with fixed wing aircraft installations. The airship, flying slowly at night in relatively cool calm air, provides a very stable and vibrationally quiet platform. The resulting data is capable of revealing the rather faint gravity signals associated withKimberlite pipes– a source of diamonds – buried under theKalaharisands. This survey came to an end on 20 September 2007, whenD-LZFNwas irreparably damaged by a whirlwind while moored at its mast.[26]

Registration numberD-LZFN,was later given to SN 02 when it returned from Japan.[27]

D-LZZR, Bodensee

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AirshipD-LZZRduring low level flight, 2003

The second Zeppelin NT and first production model (SN 02) was named D-LZZRBodenseeand began the first commercial tourist operations on August 15, 2001 byDeutsche Zeppelin Reederei(DZR). On March 2, 2004 the DZR sold it toNippon Airship Corporationin Japan. Transferred in June 2004, it was to have followed the historical route of the 1929 World Tour of the famous dirigibleLZ127Graf Zeppelin.After problems withRussianauthorities (unattested air security), a special ship for huge parts from theNetherlandswas chartered and the Zeppelin was shipped fromItalytoJapanby sea.[28]The company used the airship mainly for tours and advertising. In May 2010, due to economic problems at Nippon Airship Corporation, the SN 02 was shipped back to Germany. The craft regained her old nameBodenseeand resumed passenger operations in 2012.[3]In winter 2015–16,Bodenseewas rebuilt to -101 configuration, with its passenger capacity increased to 14.[29]

D-LZZF, Baden-Württemberg

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The third Zeppelin NT (SN03) and second production model, designatedD-LZZF, Baden-Württemberg,first flew in February 2003. It is currently flown in revenue passenger service by the DZR.[3]It was painted in Goodyear colors for the summer season 2010 to promote a new joint venture between Goodyear and the Zeppelin Luftschiffbau, the first in 70 years.[30]

D-LZNT, Eureka

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In January 2006, theZeppelin LuftschifftechnikGmbH announced the start of construction of a fourth Zeppelin N07. In 2007, it was optioned by California-basedAirship Ventures.[31]On 21 May 2008, the new airship completed its first flight.[32]Between July and September 2008, the airship, registeredD-LZNT,operated sightseeing and pleasure flights over eastern London and theThames Estuaryfrom an airfield close toUpminster,inEssex,England, advertisingStella Artoisbeer and theDrinkAwareresponsible alcohol use campaign.[33]TheFederal Aviation Administration(FAA) issued thetype certificatefor the Zeppelin N07, allowing the airship to fly legally in the United States. In late September 2008, the airship arrived at thePort of Beaumont,Texas; after spending three days tethered at theSoutheast Texas Regional Airport,the airship flew cross-country to its base atMoffett Federal Airfield.[34][35]Upon its arrival, the airship was given the US registrationN704LZ,and was christenedEureka(after the California state motto). In November 2008, Airship Ventures began commercial operations, offering flightseeing tours over theSan FranciscoandMonterey Bayareas, operating both out of Moffett Field and Oakland Terminal. On 14 November 2012, Airship Ventures ceased operations and groundedEureka.Eurekawas disassembled and shipped back to Germany.[36]In 2019-2020,D-LZNTwas rebuilt to N07-101 -standard and brought back to service, with a completely new gondola for 16 passengers and crew.[37]

Goodyear

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Goodyear'sWingfoot One,a model LZ N07-101, shown here prior to its christening

On 3 May 2011, Goodyear confirmed their intentions to reinstate their long-lost partnership with Zeppelin. Goodyear placed an order for three Zeppelin NT LZ N07-101 models with plans to start operation in January 2014.[38][39]The Zeppelin NT is the successor to Goodyear's non-rigid airship, theGZ-20in Goodyear airship advertising. Goodyear's first zeppelin,Wingfoot One,[40]was unveiled on 14 March 2014 and is currently stationed inPompano Beach, Florida,USA. The second zeppelin,Wingfoot Twomade its maiden flight on 12 March 2016.Wingfoot Twois stationed inCarson, California.[41]The third zeppelin,Wingfoot Threemade its maiden flight on 25 June 2018 and will be permanently stationed inSuffield Township, Ohio.[42][43][44]

Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei

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In January 2001, ZLG founded theDeutsche Zeppelin-Reederei(DZR) (German forGerman Zeppelin shipping company) as a subsidiary. Since 15 August 2001, DZR has offered aerial sightseeing tours using a number of Zeppelin NT airships; in June 2010, the 100,000th passenger was carried, less than nine years after commercial operations were launched.[3]In March 2004, DZR became the first company in the world to receive certification as a flight school for airships, initially providing such services to the Japanese Nippon Airship Corporation.[3]

Variants

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LZ N07-100
Original production version.[45][46]
LZ N07-101
Slightly improved version produced since 2011. New avionics and slightly longer gondola increasing max passenger capacity to 14.[29]Goodyear ships are seated for ten passengers, with addition of on-board toilet.
Zeppelin NT 14
Planned larger, 19-seat aircraft. The "14" comes from the 14,000 cubic metres (14 megalitres) of envelope volume.[45]

Specifications

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The gondola of a Zeppelin NT
The rear propeller arrangement of a Zeppelin NT

Data fromJane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004,[47]Airship Technology[48]

General characteristics

  • Crew:2
  • Capacity:12 passengers or 1,900 kg (4,200 lb) payload
  • Length:75.00 m (246 ft 0.75 in)
  • Diameter:14.16 m (46 ft 5.5 in)
  • Width:19.50 m (63 ft 11.75 in)
  • Height:17.40 m (57 ft 1 in)
  • Volume:8,255 m3(290,450 cu ft)
  • Gross weight:10,690 kg (23,567 lb)
  • Powerplant:3 ×Textron Lycoming IO-360air-cooledflat-four,149 kW (200 hp) each

Performance

  • Maximum speed:125 km/h (77 mph, 67 kn)
  • Cruise speed:115 km/h (71 mph, 62 kn)
  • Range:900 km (559 mi, 486 nmi)
  • Endurance:24 hours[clarification needed]
  • Service ceiling:2,600 m (8,530 ft)

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^abZeppelin Luftschifftechnik GmbH (2008)."Das Luftschiff".Archived fromthe originalon 10 May 2007.
  2. ^"FAQs - Zeppelin vs. blimp".ArchivedJune 7, 2008, at theWayback MachineZeppelinflug,Retrieved: 13 January 2011.
  3. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstu"History: From first concept, to series production."Zeppelin NT,Retrieved: 7 July 2016.
  4. ^"Zeppelin prototype enters final assembly."Flight International,22 November 1995.
  5. ^"Zeppelin flies NT airship prototype."Flight International,8 October 1997.
  6. ^Delves, Bernie."Zeppelin back with a bounce."Flight International,18 June 2001.
  7. ^abcSträter 2012, p. 547.
  8. ^abSträter 2012, p. 548.
  9. ^abPatterson, Thom."Goodyear tests its bigger, faster Zeppelin 'blimp'."CCN,3 April 2014.
  10. ^abcdefgh"Technology: Highest level of comfort, with maximum safety."Zeppelin NT,Retrieved: 7 July 2016.
  11. ^Sträter 2012, pp. 559–561.
  12. ^"Goodyear Blimp NT Takes Shape."Aerospace Manufacturing and Design,12 December 2013.
  13. ^abSträter 2012, p. 556.
  14. ^Sträter 2012, pp. 565–566.
  15. ^Sträter 2012, pp. 566–568, 572.
  16. ^Sträter 2012, pp. 568–570.
  17. ^Sträter 2012, p. 566.
  18. ^abSträter 2012, p. 563.
  19. ^Sträter 2012, pp. 570–571.
  20. ^abSträter 2012, p. 564.
  21. ^DISPLAYS: Avionics displays and processing units for Zeppelin NT airships to be provided by BarcoMilitary Aerospace,19 April 2021.
  22. ^"Zeppelin passenger ships."Century of Flight,Retrieved: 14 January 2011.
  23. ^Sträter 2012, p. 556, 564.
  24. ^Sträter 2012, pp. 564–565.
  25. ^Sträter 2012, pp. 558–559.
  26. ^Andreas (2007-09-20)."Airshipworld Blog: Zeppelin NT prototype damaged - while moored [5th update]".Airshipworld Blog.Retrieved2021-02-01.
  27. ^"Picture of the Zeppelin LZ N07-100 Airship aircraft".RetrievedJuly 18,2012.
  28. ^"Von der ersten Idee bis zur Serienproduktion – Die chronologische Entwicklung des Zeppelin NT Projektes".Zeppelin Luftschiffteknik(in German). January 26, 2011.
  29. ^ab"New version for passenger operations"(PDF).Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei GmbH. 7 April 2016.
  30. ^Airliners.net
  31. ^Press release on NT #4 option,Air Ship Ventures, 25 June 2007.
  32. ^Press release,Air Ship Ventures, 21 May 2008.
  33. ^Dodson, Sean."Could Zeppelin's airships soon be gracing our skies again?."The Guardian,5 June 2008.
  34. ^Airship to make appearance in Beaumont,Beaumont Enterprise, 8 December 2008.
  35. ^"Zeppelin revival over skies of San Francisco".USA Today.22 June 2007.
  36. ^Airship Ventures has ceased Flight Operations,Air Ship Ventures, 14 November 2012.
  37. ^"Eine neue fliegende Zigarre".Neue Zürcher Zeitung.
  38. ^"Zeppelin Luftschifftechnik Lands Largest Contract in its History"(PDF)(Press release). Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei GmbH. 3 May 2011.Retrieved1 July2011.
  39. ^Goodyear: Zeppelins return at last,UK: The Register, 4 June 2011
  40. ^Heldenfels, Rich (23 August 2014)."A new blimp is christened: Wingfoot One makes its formal debut".Akron Beacon Journal.Retrieved24 August2014.
  41. ^"Goodyear Blimp added 7 new photos — at Wingfoot Lake Airship Base."Facebook,12 March 2016.
  42. ^"Goodyear's Zeppelin plan and how they are going to phase out their current fleet of GZ-20s".buildablimp.1 August 2015.Retrieved1 August2015.
  43. ^Ewinger, James (14 March 2014)."Goodyear rolls out newest blimp with the help of Zeppelin".The Plain Dealervia Cleveland.Plain Dealer Publishing Co. and Northeast Ohio Media Group. Archived fromthe originalon 21 July 2014.Retrieved21 July2014.
  44. ^"Goodyear's new Wingfoot Three takes to the skies".Akron Beacon Journal.25 June 2018.Retrieved6 May2020.
  45. ^ab"New airship to be developed in Friedrichshafen"(PDF).Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei GmbH. 10 February 2005. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2011-07-19.
  46. ^"Zeppelin NT - program supplier guide | Airframer".airframer.Retrieved2023-01-08.
  47. ^Jackson 2003, pp. 764–765.
  48. ^Sträter 2012, p. 551.

References

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  • Jackson, Paul.Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004.Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003.ISBN0-7106-2537-5.
  • Sträter, Bernd.Zeppelin NT,in: Khoury, G.A.:Airship Technology.Cambridge, 2nd Edition, 2012 pp. 547–576.ISBN978-1107019706.
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External videos
Passenger footage of a Zeppelin NT flight
Corporate video on Zeppelin NT
Time-lapse of Zeppelin NT construction footage
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