South Africa
country in southern Africa
South Africa,officially theRepublic of South Africa(RSA), is the southernmostsovereign stateinAfrica.It is bounded on the south by 2,798 kilometers of coastline ofSouthern Africastretching along theSouth AtlanticandIndian Oceans,on the north by the neighbouring countries ofNamibia,Botswana,andZimbabwe,and on the east byMozambiqueandSwaziland,and surrounding the kingdom ofLesotho.South Africa is the25th-largest countryin the world by land area, and with an estimated population of60 million people,is the world's23rd-most populous nation.It is the southernmost country on the mainland of theOld Worldor theEastern Hemisphere.
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edit- From its roots, like manycolonial societies,South Africa was a society of great inequalities, botheconomicandpolitical.In thetwentieth century,this inheritance led to ahighly undemocratic polityin which onlywhiteswereenfranchised.After theSecond World War,Africansbegan to successfully mobilize against this political status quo, and they were able to exert increasing pressure, rendering the existingapartheidregime infeasible and threatening mass revolt. Attempts by the regime to make concessions, although leaving the system basically unaltered, failed to achieve this objective, and the apartheid regime maintained power through the use of extensive repression andviolence.In 1994, the regime was forced todemocratizerather than risk potentially far worse alternatives.
- Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson,Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy(2006)
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edit- American society as a whole seemed committed to theidea of the races living together on an equal basis.This was something fewSouth Africans,white or black, had actually seen. Nconganwe had trouble accepting that it actually existed. InAfrican culture,thefamilyandextended familywere everything. Loyalty to one's clan was far more important than any feeling of nationhood. America had forged her own borders. South Africa’s had been drawn byEuropeancolonists, with no thought to the peoples already living there.
- Larry BondandPatrick Larkin,Vortex(1991)
- A doctor in rural South Africa describes his frustration. He says, "We have nomedicines.Many hospitals tell people, you've gotAIDS,we can't help you. Go home and die. "In an age of miraculous medicines, no person should have to hear those words.
- George W. Bush,State of the Union (28 January 2003)
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edit- Here are wide tracts of fertile soil watered by abundant rains. The temperate sun warms the life within the soil. The cooling breeze refreshes the inhabitant. The delicious climate stimulates the vigour of the European. The highway of the sea awaits the produce of his labour. All Nature smiles, and here at last is a land where white men may rule and prosper. As yet only the indolentKaffirenjoys its bounty, and, according to the antiquatedphilosophyofLiberalism,it is to such that it should forever belong.
- Winston Churchill,The Boer War: London to Ladysmith Via Pretoria and Ian Hamilton's March(1900)
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edit- In South Africa the rise of a very powerful and very affluentBlacksector of the population, a Blackbourgeoisieif you will, the potential for which was never really taken into account, at least not publicly during thestruggle against apartheid-it was assumed that onceBlack peopleachieved political and economic power, there would beeconomic freedomfor everyone, and we see that that's not necessarily the case. We have basically the same situation in theUS.
- Angela DavisFreedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement(2015)
- TheRussian,Chinese,Vietnamese,Cuban,Nicaraguan,andIranianrevolutionsaimed to overthrowdictatorships,foreignimperialism,and unjusteconomic systems.Efforts for social change insouthern Africa,however, confronted the further obstacle ofinstitutionally and culturally embedded racism.In the latetwentieth centuryonly one major nation claimed the distinction of awardingpolitical rightson the basis ofrace:the Republic of South Africa. Thewhiteminority had confirmed its control of the mineral-rich country through the passage of a set of laws during the years 1948–1960 reinforcingrace separationunder the label “apartheid.” In the 1950s peaceful protests against white minority rule were severely repressed, as were attempts atrebellionfrom the1960son. In the 1990s movements opposing apartheid finally achieved access to state power through the national elections of 1994. But after the death ofNelson Mandela,the legendary leader of theantiapartheid movement,inequalityand widespreadpovertyremained enormous problems that challenged a new generation ofSouth Africanactivists and leaders, despite the end of white minority rule and apartheid, and even though significant progress had been made in some areas.
- James DeFronzo,Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements(2018), p. 321
- ... it's anhorrific circumstancethat [the South African farmers] face andAustraliahas arefugeeand humanitarian program – as well as a number of other visa programs – where we have the potential to help some of these people that are being persecuted. So I've asked my Department to have a look at options and ways in which we can provide some assistance because I do think, on the information that I've seen, people do need help and they need help from a civilised country like ours and more importantly than that, the people that we are talking about want to work hard,... abide by our laws, integrate into our society,... not lead a life onwelfare...
- Peter Dutton,in"Interview with Miranda Devine, Miranda Devine LIVE",minister.homeaffairs.gov.au(14 March 2018)
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edit- ... as there has been an awakening inIndia,even so there will be an awakening in South Africa with its vastly richer resources – natural, mineral and human. The mightyEnglishlook quite pygmies before the mighty races ofAfrica.They are noble savages after all, you will say. They are certainly noble, but no savages and in the course of a few years the Western nations may cease to find in Africa a dumping ground for their wares.
- Mahatma Gandhi,Speech at Oxford, October 24, 1931. Quoted in Rajeshwar Pandey,Gandhi and Modernisation,Meenakshi Prakashan, 1979.
- Compared to its regional counterparts, South Africa is a wealthy country. It has a strong economy and a solid industrial base. It has the potential to become a regional leader and assert influence over all ofsouthern Africa.And yet, South Africa today is focused almost entirely inward, its ability to project power constrained by competition between numerous factions. This wasn’t always the case.
- Geopolitical Futures,"South Africa: A State With Many Nations"(24 August 2017)
- Huh, not much bloody "Unitate" about this place!
- King George VI,Monarch: The Life and Reign of Elizabeth II(2008), by Robert Lacey, Simon and Schuster, p. 155
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edit- To illustrate how dramatically populations can displace each other over time, the historianE.M. Kulischeronce reminded his readers that in A.D. 900Berlinhad noGermans,Moscow had noRussians,Budapesthad noHungarians,Madridwas aMoorishsettlement, andConstantinoplehad hardly anyTurks.He added that theNormanshad not yet settled inGreat Britainand before the sixteenth century there were noEuropeansliving inNorth or South America,Australia,New Zealand,or South Africa.
- Neil Howe, Richard Jackson (2008)The Graying of the Great Powers: Demography and Geopolitics in the 21st Century.p. 15
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edit- In South Africa,Joe Slovo,Ruth First,Albie Sachs,Nadine Gordimer,Abie Nathan,andHelen Suzmanare only among the most famous of the many Jews who joined the fight to bring down apartheid.
- Melanie Kaye/KantrowitzThe Colors of Jews: Racial Politics and Radical Diasporism(2007)
- I'm aChristian.I'm a South African. I'm anAfrikaner.I'm alawyer.I love my country, and I think that this country has a great future. In that sense of the word, I'm a practicalidealist.
- F. W. de Klerk,as quoted in"New S. African Leader`s Reforms Irk Left, Right"(1 January 1990), by Tom Masland,Chicago Tribune
- There are powers that are trying to manipulate our country's history by trying to portray it as dark, suppressive and unfair... Yes, we have made mistakes. Yes, we have often sinned and we don't deny this. But that we were evil, malignant and mean–to that we say "no"!
- F. W. de Klerk,as quoted inThe Citizen(10 October 1992), Johannesburg, South Africa
- I prefer to live in South Africa because it's a wonderful country; because I've been there for 300 years.
- F. W. de Klerk,onThe Washington Journalof C-SPAN(11 June 1999)
- There are a number of imperfections in the new South Africa where I would have hoped that things would be better, but on balance I think we have basically achieved what we set out to achieve. And if I were to draw balance sheets on where South Africa stands now, I would say that the positive outweighs the negative by far. There is a tendency by commentators across the world to focus on the few negatives which are quite negative, like how are we handling AIDS, like our role vis-à-vis Zimbabwe. But the positives – the stability in South Africa, the adherence to well-balanced economic policies, fighting inflation, doing all the right things in order to lay the basis and the foundation for sustainedeconomic growth– are in place.
- F. W. de Klerk,interview with Richard Stengel(8 June 2004)
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edit- At thy call we shall not falter, firm and steadfast we shall stand. At thy will to live or perish, o South Africa dear land!
- Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven,"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika"(1918), South Africa
- I've met the King of China and a working Yorkshire miner, but I've never met a nice South African.
- John LloydandPeter Brewis,"I've Never Met a Nice South African"(1986),Spitting Image
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edit- None of the articles of faith of theSouth African Constitutionis plausible. The Constitution is not supreme and entrenched. Vulnerable to potent socio-economic forces it changes continuously and often profoundly regardless of stringent amendment requirements. The trite threefoldseparation of powersis more metaphorical than real and therefore unable to secure effective checks and balances. Though institutionally separated with their own personnel and functions, the three powers are ordinarily integrated in a single dominant political leadership.
- Koos Malan in There is no Supreme Constitution: A Critique of Statist-individualist Constitutionalism,African Sun Media,2019
- When [Nelson Mandela] was in prison I admired him for his moral strength... Of his period in power I can see few results.Apartheidno longer exists, at least to all appearances, but no one understands what the new government in South Africa is doing.
- Mengistu Haile Mariam,As quoted in Riccardo Orizio,Talk of the Devil: Encounters with Seven Dictators,(Walker and Company, 2003), p. 148
- We have never had a superhero that looks like us and speaks like us and shares the same experiences and environment as us.Comic booksin South Africa are still at crawling stage. The market hasn’t been tapped into and activated. As someone who is passionate about comics and the power of comics, I see it as a challenge to overcome.
- Loyiso Mkize,"African Comics The Pack Kwezi"(27 January 2012),Dailydot
- SA, long regarded as the gateway toAfrica,suffers from reputational damage due to the highcrimerate (including high-profile murders), the finance minister fiasco, parliamentary shenanigans and chicanery by PresidentJacob Zumaover payment for upgrades at his Nkandla home.
- Morné Mostert,"Africa does not have just one tale to tell"(25 May 2016),Business Day Live,Zimbabwe
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edit- Being convinced in ourconsciencesthat arepublicwould be disastrous to the material well-being ofNatalas well as of the whole of South Africa, subversive of ourfreedomand destructive of ourcitizenship,we, whose names are underwritten, men and women of Natal, loyal subjects of Her Gracious Majesty QueenElizabeth the Second,do hereby pledge ourselves in solemn covenant, throughout this our time of threatened calamity, to stand by one another in defendingthe Crown,and in using all means which may be found possible and necessary to defeat the present intention to set up a republic in South Africa. And in the event of a republic being forced upon us, we further solemnly and mutually pledge ourselves to refuse to recognise its authority. In sure confidence that God will defend the right, we hereto subscribe our names. GOD SAVE THE QUEEN.
- Natal Covenant
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edit- It was in Southern Africa that there emerged the most carefully planned structures of interlocking directorates, holding companies, and giantcorporationswhich weremultinationalboth in theircapitalsubscriptions and through the fact that their economic activities were dispersed in many lands. IndividualentrepreneurslikeOppenheimermade huge fortunes from the Southern African soil, but Southern Africa was never really in the era of individual and family businesses, characteristic ofEuropeandAmericaup to the early part of this century. The bigminingcompanies were impersonal professional things. They were organized in terms of personnel,production,marketing,advertising,and they could undertake long-term commitments. At all times, inner productive forces gave capitalism its drive towards expansion and domination. It was the system which expanded. But in addition, one can see in Africa and in Southern Africa in particular the rise of a capitalist superstructure manned by individuals capable of consciously planning the exploitation of resources right into the next century, and aiming at racist domination of theblack peopleofAfricauntil the end of time.
- Walter Rodney,How Europe Underdeveloped Africa(1972), p. 176
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edit- TheSouth Africansare very backward in terms of historical development. I hate South Africans. That's not a fair thing to say because I like a lot of South Africans but they really think they're the bees' knees and actually they've been the cause of so much trouble in this part of the world... I have a suspicion the blacks model themselves on the whites now that they're in power. "Don't you know who we are, man?"... They think inBRICSthat the "S" actually stands for South Africa whereas it stands for Africa. Nobody would want to go in for a partnership withBrazil,China,Indiaand South Africa for Christ's sake... I dislike South Africa.
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edit- Whenever there was a crisis in power in South Africa, one of the communities that has always got the brunt of violence has been theIndian community.Because we have been soft targets believing in non-violence. Therefore, we have become vulnerable targets to perpetrators.
- the South African president, Cyril Ramaphosa, had started “seizing land from his own citizens without compensation because they are the wrong skin colour
- I come from a beautiful land, richly endowed byGodwith wonderful natural resources, wide expanses, rolling mountains, singing birds, bright shining stars out of blue skies, with radiant sunshine, golden sunshine. There is enough of the good things that come from God’s bounty, there is enough for everyone, but apartheid has confirmed some in their selfishness, causing them to grasp greedily a disproportionate share, the lion’s share, because of their power. They have taken 87 of theland,though being only about 20 of our population. The rest have had to make do with the remaining 13. Apartheid has decreed the politics of exclusion. 73 of the population is excluded from any meaningful participation in the political decision-making processes of the land of their birth. The new constitution, making provision of three chambers, for whites, coloreds, and Indians, mentions blacks only once, and thereafter ignores them completely. Thus this newconstitution,lauded in parts of the West as a step in the right direction, entrenchesracismandethnicity.The constitutional committees are composed in the ratio of 4 whites to 2 coloreds and 1 Indian. 0 black. 2 + 1 can never equal, let alone be more than, Hence this constitution perpetuates by law and entrenches white minority rule. Blacks are expected to exercise their political ambitions in unviable,poverty-stricken, arid, bantustan homelands, ghettoes of misery, inexhaustible reservoirs of cheap black labor, bantustans into which South Africa is being balkanized.Blacksare systematically being stripped of theirSouth African citizenshipand being turned into aliens in the land of their birth. This isapartheid’s final solution, just asNazismhad its final solution for theJewsinHitler’sAryanmadness. The South African Government is smart. Aliens can claim but very few rights, least of all political rights. In pursuance of apartheid’s ideologicalracistdream, over 3.000.000 of God’s children have been uprooted from their homes, which have been demolished, whilst they have then been dumped in thebantustan homeland resettlement camps.I say dumped advisedly: only things or rubbish is dumped, not human beings. Apartheid has, however, ensured that God’s children, just because they are black, should be treated as if they were things, and not as of infinite value as being created in the image of God. These dumping grounds are far from where work and food can be procured easily. Children starve, suffer from the often irreversible consequences of malnutrition – this happens to them not accidentally, but by deliberate Government policy. They starve in a land that could be the bread basket of Africa, a land that normally is a net exporter of food.
- Desmond Tutu,Nobel Lecture,(11 December 1984)
- [T]here is always the possibility of change. If it happened in South Africa, why can't it happen anywhere?
- Desmond Tutu,as quoted in"Archbishop urges battle with racism"(18 February 2002), by Sabrina L. Miller,Chicago Tribune,Illinois
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edit- My heart will always be in South Africa... made me the person that I am today. But I knew I needed another challenge for myself.
- Janine van Wyk,as quoted in"FROM ONE SOUTH TO ANOTHER: HOUSTON DASH PLAYER TALKS JOURNEY FROM SOUTH AFRICA TO TEXAS"(14 August 2017),Spectrum South
- As we coasted along two men began to run along the beach opposite us. This land is very attractive and well situated; and we saw many cattle wandering about on the land here; and the further we advanced the better did the land become and the higher the groves of trees.
- Álvaro Velhoin 1497, recordingDa Gama's journey north of theKeiskamma River,Dias and his successors,Eric Axelson (ed.), p. 8
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edit- Let us live and strive forfreedom,in South Africa our land!
- Jeanne Zaidel-Rudolph,"National anthem of the Republic of South Africa" (1997)Wh