է

See also:Է,-է,andէ-

է U+0567,է ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER EH ←զ [U+0566] Armenian ը→ [U+0568]

Armenian

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian)IPA^(key):/e/,[e]
• (Western Armenian)IPA^(key):/e/,[e]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Letter

է

էlowercase(uppercaseԷ)

1. The 7th letter ofArmenian alphabet,calledէ(ē).Transliterated asē.Represents anopen-mid front unrounded vowel:[ɛ].InOld Armenianit must have been a diphthong-like vowel[e(j)]

See also

• (TheArmenian script):ԱաԲբԳգԴդԵեԶզԷէԸըԹթԺժԻիԼլԽխԾծԿկՀհՁձՂղՃճՄմՅյՆնՇշՈոՉչՊպՋջՌռՍսՎվՏտՐրՑցՒւՓփՔքՕօՖֆ
• (Letter combinations):ուևﬔﬕﬓﬗﬖ
• (Dialectological):ՠ/ա̈ա̊ա̄ը̂է̀էօ/օ̈էօ̀/օ̈̀իւ/ո̈ւգ^յկ^յք^յհ^յբՙդՙգՙձՙջՙղՙֈʔ
• (Punctuation): ՙ ՚՛՜՝՞՟․։֊
• (Symbols):֏֎֍

References

• Dum-Tragut, Jasmine(2009)Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian(London Oriental and African Language Library;14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company,§ 1.1.1

Etymology 2

FromOld Armenianէ(ē).

Alternative forms

• ա(a)—dialectal,colloquial
• ե(e)—1922–1940 reformed orthography
• յե(ye)—1922–1940 reformed orthography,following a vowel

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian)IPA^(key):/e/,[e],/je/,[je](following a vowel)
• (Western Armenian)IPA^(key):/e/,[e],/je/,[je](following a vowel)

Verb

է•(ē)

1. third-personsingularpresentofեմ(em)

   Նա հայ է։―Na hay ē.―He is an Armenian.

   Նա հայ չէ։―Na hay čʻē.―He is not an Armenian.

   Նա գիրքը կարդալու է։―Na girkʻə kardalu ē.―He will read the book.

Etymology 3

Learned borrowingfromOld Armenianէ(ē).

Noun

է•(ē)(dated)

1. being,existence,something or someone that exists,onto-
2. God

Declension

i-type, animate (Eastern Armenian)
	singular	plural
nominative	է(ē)	էեր(ēer)
dative	էի(ēi)	էերի(ēeri)
ablative	էից(ēicʻ)	էերից(ēericʻ)
instrumental	էով(ēov)	էերով(ēerov)
locative	—	—
	definite forms
nominative	էն(ēn)	էերը/էերն(ēerə/ēern)
dative	էին(ēin)	էերին(ēerin)
	1stperson possessive forms (my)
nominative	էս(ēs)	էերս(ēers)
dative	էիս(ēis)	էերիս(ēeris)
ablative	էիցս(ēicʻs)	էերիցս(ēericʻs)
instrumental	էովս(ēovs)	էերովս(ēerovs)
locative	—	—
	2ndperson possessive forms (your)
nominative	էդ(ēd)	էերդ(ēerd)
dative	էիդ(ēid)	էերիդ(ēerid)
ablative	էիցդ(ēicʻd)	էերիցդ(ēericʻd)
instrumental	էովդ(ēovd)	էերովդ(ēerovd)
locative	—	—

Derived terms

• հնէաբան(hnēaban)
• մանրէ(manrē)

Old Armenian

Etymology

FromProto-Armenian*ei,from*eti,fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ésti,the regular reflex of which would have been*եստ(*est).We are dealing here with the analogical influence of the corresponding ending of thematic verbs (compareբերէ(berē)) and the analogical extension of the secondary stem*e(h)-deriving from*h₁ésmi.

Verb

է•(ē)

1. third-personsingularpresentactiveindicativeofեմ(em)

Noun

է•(ē)

1. being,existence,something or someone that exists
2. God

Declension

i-type

	singular		plural
nominative	է(ē)		էք(ēkʻ)
genitive	էի(ēi)		էից(ēicʻ)
dative	էի(ēi)		էից(ēicʻ)
accusative	է(ē)		էս(ēs)
ablative	էէ(ēē)		էից(ēicʻ)
instrumental	էիւ(ēiw)		էիւք(ēiwkʻ)
locative	էի(ēi)		էս(ēs)

Descendants

• Armenian:է(ē)

Further reading

• Hrach Martirosyan (2013),Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyan himnaharcʻer (kiraknōrya dasəntʻacʻ), Neracutʻyun
• Awetikʻean, G.,Siwrmēlean, X.,Awgerean, M.(1836–1837) “է”,inNor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui(in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “է”,inNor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn,Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy

Ottoman Turkish

Letter

է•(e)

1. A letter of theArmeno-Turkish script,namedէ(e).Representsmid front unrounded vowel:[e].Transliterated ase.

See also

• (TheArmeno-Turkish script):ԱաԳգԵեԶզԷէԸըԹթԺժԻիԼլԽխԿկՀհՂղՃճՄմՅյՆնՇշՉչՊպՍսՎվՏտՐրՓփՔքՕօՖֆ’
• (Primarily in Armenian words):ԲբԴդԾծՁձՋջՈոՌռՑցՒւ
• (Letter combinations):էօիւունկնղ
• (Punctuation):՛՜՝՞․։֊