Wiktionary

R

See also:Appendix:Variations of "r"

RU+0052,R
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R
←Q
[U+0051] 		Basic Latin S→
[U+0053]
Character variations
ＲU+FF32,Ｒ
FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R
←Ｑ
[U+FF31] 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms Ｓ→
[U+FF33]
Languages (42)
Translingual•English
Afar•Afrikaans•Azerbaijani•Basque•Central Franconian•Chinese•Dutch•Esperanto•Estonian•Finnish•French•German•Hungarian•Icelandic•Ido•Irish•Italian•Japanese•Kashubian•Latin•Latvian•Malay•Nupe•Polish•Portuguese•Romani•Romanian•Scottish Gaelic•Silesian•Skolt Sami•Slovene•Somali•Spanish•Swedish•Tagalog•Turkish•Vietnamese•Welsh•Yoruba•Zulu
Page categories

Translingual

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R (disambiguation)on Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From theEtruscanletter𐌓(r,“er”),from theAncient GreekletterΡ(R,“rho”),derived from thePhoenicianletter𐤓(r,“reš”),from theEgyptianhieroglyph𓁶.

Letter

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R(lower caser)

  1. The eighteenth letter of thebasic modern Latin alphabet.

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Symbol

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R

  1. Abbreviationofronna-.
  2. (currency symbol)Rand,national currency of South Africa.
  3. (metrology)roentgen
  4. (physics)resistance(inelectricity)
  5. (organic chemistry)An unspecifiedradical,usually containing a carbon atom that binds to the structure of interest.
    Alcoholshave the generic formulaROH.
  6. (genetics)IUPAC1-letter abbreviation for anypurine.
  7. (biochemistry)IUPAC1-letter abbreviation forarginine.
  8. (linguistics)Awildcardfor arhoticconsonant or aresonant(sonorant).
    synonyms:Sfor a sonorant
  9. (linguistics)Awildcardfor arhoticarchiphoneme,such as the conflation of/r/and/ɾ/in certain positions in Spanish.
  10. (linguistics)risingtone.
    synonyms: more commonlyLH,or more specificallyLMorMH
  11. (finance)Long-termbondcredit ratingbyS&P Global Ratings,indicating that a bond is extremelyspeculativeand possibly indefault,with some prospect ofdebtrecovery.
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  • Letter styles
  • Uppercase and lowercase versions ofR,in normal and italic type
  • Uppercase and lowercaseRinFraktur

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The templateTemplate:Letterdoes not use the parameter(s):
Character=R
Please seeModule:checkparamsfor help with this warning.

Other representations of R:

English

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R (disambiguation)on Wikipedia

Etymology 1

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From theEtruscanletter𐌓(r,“er”),from theAncient GreekletterΡ(R,“rho”),derived from thePhoenicianletter𐤓(r,“reš”),from theEgyptianhieroglyph𓁶.

Pronunciation

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(Name of letter)

Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser,pluralRsorR's)

  1. The eighteenthletterof the Englishalphabet,calledarand written in theLatin script.
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Number

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. Theordinalnumbereighteenth,derived from thisletterof the Englishalphabet,calledarand written in theLatin script.

Etymology 2

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Abbreviations

"Elizabeth R", hand ofElizabeth II

Noun

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R

  1. (entomology)radius
  2. (US politics)AbbreviationofRepublican,especially preceding the constituent location.
    R-Texas
    Antonym:D(“Democrat”)
  3. (monarchy)rex(“king”)orregina(“queen”);the initial by which a British monarch signs documents after his or her name
  4. (handbells)ring
  5. (chess)rook
  6. (baseball,cricket)runs,the statistic reporting the number ofrunsscored by a player
  7. (law)theCrown,the government of a monarchy (abbreviatingrex(“king”)orregina(“queen”))
    The English case ofRv R[1992] AC 599 ruled thatrape can be committed by a husband against his wife.
  8. (especially in university catalogs)Thursday
    • 1986,Cornell UniversityCourses of Study,page250:
      Lecs, TR9:05; lab, M T WRor F 1:25—4:25, or M or W 7:30—10:30 p.m.
    • 2000August, M.W. Carter, “A Comprehensive Course Timetabling and Student Scheduling System at theUniversity of Waterloo”,in Edmund Burke, Wilhelm Erben, editors,Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling III,Springer, published2001,→ISBN,page66:
      8:30 MWF (3 x 1 hour)[…]8:30-10 TR(2 x 1.5 hours)
    • 2007,W. Ted Mahavier, “Syllabus forAnalysis”(Lamar Universitycourse syllabus), appendix II.A of Charles A. Coppin et al.,The Moore Method: A Pathway to Learner-Centered Instruction,Mathematical Association of America (2009),→ISBN,page 201:
      Office Hours: MTWRF: 9:00–11:00, 1:30–3:00 or stop by my office anytime.
  9. (Philippines)region,in the sense of the regions of the Philippines

Adjective

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R

  1. (filmcertification)restricted
  2. reverse
  3. right(as opposed to left)

Proper noun

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R

  1. (religion)In the context of thedocumentary hypothesis,theRedactor(s) who compiled and edited theTorah.
    • 2006,David Ringo Miano,Shadow on the steps‎[1](dissertation),UC San Diego,page 5:
      One needs to be careful, however, to distinguish between original P and the work of the later priestly Redactor (R), who edited P and other documents in the postexilic period.

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Afar

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Letter

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R

  1. The twelfth letter in the Afar alphabet.

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Afrikaans

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The eighteenthletterof the Afrikaansalphabet,written in theLatin script.

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Noun

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R(pluralR'e,diminutiveR'etjie)

  1. R

Azerbaijani

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Letter

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Rupper case(lower caser)

  1. The twenty-fourthletterof the Azerbaijanialphabet,written in theLatin script.

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Basque

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The nineteenthletterof the Basquealphabet,callederreand written in theLatin script.

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Central Franconian

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Etymology

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  • /ʀ/is from West Germanic*r.In most dialects it is vowelised in two cases: (1.) between a short vowel and analveolar,(2.) after a long vowel. Especially in the former case it may also be lost entirely.

Pronunciation

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Letter

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R

  1. A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
  2. A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.

Usage notes

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Doubling of R
  • In the German-based spelling,ris doubled after short vowels except in certain function words and when the letter is followed by another consonant within the word stem.
  • In the Dutch-based spelling,ris doubled after short vowels if the syllable were otherwise open.

Chinese

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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R

  1. (Cantonese)Alternative form of𢯎

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation 1

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Note:aa1 - Used by non-rhotic proficient speakers of English, mostly in Hong Kong.
Letter
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R

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet.

Pronunciation 2

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Letter
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R

  1. The eighteenth letter used inPinyin.
Usage notes
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  • 《 hán ngữ bính âm phương án 》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education; another pronunciation is commonly used instead.
  • The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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R(capital,lowercaser)

  1. the eighteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet

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  • Previous letter:Q
  • Next letter:S

Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The twenty-firstletterof the Esperantoalphabet,calledroand written in theLatin script.

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Estonian

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EstonianWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipediaet

Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The eighteenthletterof the Estonianalphabet,callederrand written in theLatin script.

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Finnish

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Etymology

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The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. Seethe Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information,andRfor information on the development of the glyph itself.

Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The eighteenthletterof the Finnishalphabet,calledärorerand written in theLatin script.

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French

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The eighteenthletterof the Frenchalphabet,written in theLatin script.

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German

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Pronunciation

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  • (letter name)IPA(key):/ɛr/,[ʔɛʁ],[ʔɛɐ̯]
  • (phoneme)IPA(key):/r/,[ʁ],[ɾ],[ɐ̯],[ː]
  • Audio:(file)

Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the German alphabet.

Usage notes

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  • The letter R has a variety of possible realisations in contemporary German. Three positions must be distinguished:
    • Before vowels, the variation is mostly between auvularconsonant (fricative,approximant,or rarelytrill) and analveolarconsonant (trill,flap,or rarely approximant). In northern, central, and south-western Germany, the alveolar pronunciation is now rare and chiefly restricted to the elderly generation of some areas. In south-eastern Germany, Austria, Switzerland, andSouth Tyrol,it remains more common; but even in these regions the uvular R is gaining ground and is already strongly predominant in some parts (e.g.Vienna).
    • Word-finally and before consonants, most accents mayvoweliseR to[ɐ̯]~[ə̯],but in different ways. Vowelisation is commonest after long vowels and/ə/,where it is also prescribed in the broadcasting standard. A majority of speakers, however, vowelise R after short vowels, too. The resulting diphthongs may be contracted and length distinctions before vowelised R may be lost. The degree to which this happens differs regionally and idiolectally.
    • Before the syllable-en/ən/,many speakers also vowelise R, though this is commonest in fast or casual speech, and consonantal realisations may be retained depending on the rhythm of the phrase as well as the formality of the context.
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Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The twenty-ninthletterof the Hungarianalphabet,callederrand written in theLatin script.

Declension

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Inflection (stem in-e-,front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative R R-ek
accusative R-et R-eket
dative R-nek R-eknek
instrumental R-rel R-ekkel
causal-final R-ért R-ekért
translative R-ré R-ekké
terminative R-ig R-ekig
essive-formal R-ként R-ekként
essive-modal — —
inessive R-ben R-ekben
superessive R-en R-eken
adessive R-nél R-eknél
illative R-be R-ekbe
sublative R-re R-ekre
allative R-hez R-ekhez
elative R-ből R-ekből
delative R-ről R-ekről
ablative R-től R-ektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		R-é R-eké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		R-éi R-ekéi
Possessive formsofR
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. R-em R-jeim
2nd person sing. R-ed R-jeid
3rd person sing. R-je R-jei
1st person plural R-ünk R-jeink
2nd person plural R-etek R-jeitek
3rd person plural R-jük R-jeik

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Icelandic

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Letter

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R(lower caser)

  1. The twenty-firstletterof the Icelandicalphabet,written in theLatin script.

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Ido

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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R(lower caser)

  1. The eighteenthletterof the Idoalphabet,written in theLatin script.

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Irish

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The fifteenthletterof the Irishalphabet,written in theLatin script.

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Italian

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ItalianWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipediait

Pronunciation

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Letter

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Rform(invariable,upper case,lower caser)

  1. The sixteenthletterof the Italianalphabet,callederreand written in theLatin script.

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Japanese

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R1 niên 〜R2 niên

Etymology

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From the romanization, which begins withR(R).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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R(れいわ)•(Reiwa)

  1. AbbreviationofLệnh hòa(Reiwa).

Kashubian

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Etymology

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The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See theKashubian alphabetarticle on Wikipedia for more, andRfor development of the glyph itself.

Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The twenty-fifthletterof the Kashubianalphabet,written in theLatin script.

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Latin

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Alternative forms

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Proper noun

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R

  1. (especially coins)AbbreviationofRoma,Rome.
  2. AbbreviationofRomanus,Roman.
  3. AbbreviationofRufus.

Noun

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R

  1. (Catholicism)Abbreviationofresponsorium,responsory, breviary.
  2. (Judaism)Abbreviationofrabbī.

Adjective

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R(pluralRR)

  1. Abbreviationofreverendus,holy, reverend.
  2. Abbreviationofreverendissimus,most holy, most reverend.

Derived terms

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References

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  • RinGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français,Hachette.

Latvian

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LatvianWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipedialv

Etymology

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Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed byK. Mīlenbahs,which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in GermanFraktur,and sporadically inCyrillic.

Pronunciation

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This entry needs anaudio pronunciation.If you are a native speaker with a microphone, pleaserecord this word.The recorded pronunciationwill appear herewhen it's ready.

Letter

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R

R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The twenty-fifthletterof the Latvianalphabet,callederand written in theLatin script.

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Malay

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MalayWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipediams

Pronunciation

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  • (Name of letter)IPA(key):[ar]
  • (Phoneme, Syllable initial)IPA(key):[r]
  • (Phoneme, Syllable final)IPA(key):[(r)]

Letter

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R

  1. The eighteenthletterof the Malayalphabet,written in theLatin script.

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Nupe

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The twentiethletterof the Nupealphabet,written in theLatin script.

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Polish

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Etymology

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The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See thehistory of Polish orthographyarticle on Wikipedia for more, andRfor development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The twenty-thirdletterof the Polishalphabet,callederand written in theLatin script.

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Portuguese

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The eighteenthletterof the Portuguesealphabet,written in theLatin script.

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Romani

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. (International Standard)The twenty-secondletterof the Romanialphabet,written in theLatin script.
  2. (Pan-Vlax)The twenty-thirdletterof the Romanialphabet,written in theLatin script.

See also

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References

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  • Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “R, r”, inニューエクスプレスプラス ロマ ( ジプシー ) ngữ(in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published2021,→ISBN,→OCLC,page14

Romanian

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The twenty-firstletterof the Romanianalphabet,calleder,re,orrîand written in theLatin script.

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Scottish Gaelic

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The fifteenthletterof the Scottish Gaelicalphabet,written in theLatin script.It is preceded bypand followed bys.Its traditional name isruis(“elder”).

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Silesian

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Etymology

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The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See theSilesian languagearticle on Wikipedia for more, andRfor development of the glyph itself.

Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The twenty-fifthletterof the Silesianalphabet,written in theLatin script.

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Skolt Sami

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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R(lower caser)

  1. The twenty-seventhletterof the Skolt Samialphabet,written in theLatin script.

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Slovene

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SloveneWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipediasl

Letter

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R(capital,lowercaser)

  1. The eighteenthletterof the Slovenealphabet,written in theLatin script.
  2. The twenty-fifthletterof the Slovenealphabet(Resian), written in theLatin script.
  3. The nineteenthletterof the Slovenealphabet(Natisone Valley dialect), written in theLatin script.

Somali

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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Rupper case(lower caser)

  1. The eighthletterof the Somalialphabet,calledraand written in theLatin script.

Usage notes

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  1. The eighth letter of theSomalialphabet, which followsArabicabjadorder. It is preceded byDand followed byS.

See also

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Spanish

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. the 19th letter of the Spanish alphabet

Swedish

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The eighteenthletterof the Swedishalphabet,written in theLatin script.

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Tagalog

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Etymology

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BorrowedfromSpanishR.Each pronunciation has a different source:

  • Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced byEnglishR.
  • Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin characterᜇ(da/ra).
  • Abecedario pronunciation is fromSpanishR.

Pronunciation

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  • (Standard Tagalog)
    • IPA(key):/ˈʔaɾ/[ˈʔaɾ](letter name, Filipino alphabet)
    • IPA(key):/ˈɾa/[ˈɾa](letter name, Abakada alphabet)
    • IPA(key):/ˈʔeɾe/[ˈʔɛː.ɾɛ](letter name, Abecedario)
    • IPA(key):/ɾ/[ɾ](phoneme)

Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser,Baybayin spellingᜀᜇ᜔)

  1. The twentiethletterof the Tagalogalphabet(theFilipino alphabet), calledarand written in theLatin script.

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser,Baybayin spellingᜇ)

  1. The fifteenthletterof the Tagalogalphabet(theAbakada alphabet), calledraand written in theLatin script.

Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser,Baybayin spellingᜁᜇᜒ)

  1. (historical)The twenty-firstletterof the Tagalogalphabet(theAbecedario), calledereand written in theLatin script.

Further reading

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  • “R”,inPambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph,Manila,2018

Turkish

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The twenty-firstletterof the Turkishalphabet,calledreand written in theLatin script.

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Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The twenty-secondletterof the Vietnamesealphabet,callede-rờorrờand written in theLatin script.

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Welsh

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The twenty-secondletterof the Welshalphabet,callederand written in theLatin script.It is preceded byPhand followed byRh.

Mutation

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  • R cannot be mutated in Welsh.

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Further reading

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “R”,inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online(in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yoruba

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The nineteenthletterof the Yorubaalphabet,calledríand written in theLatin script.

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Zulu

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Letter

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R(upper case,lower caser)

  1. The eighteenthletterof the Zulualphabet,written in theLatin script.

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