Wiktionary talk:About Greek

Forms of Greek

As I understood the term, Ancient Greek encompassed all forms of Greek up until Medieval, including Koine and Classical, but I am certainly no scholar, you may want to check this. The Wikipedia article onAncient Greekhas the name of the period from 900-600BC as Archaic. Also, you may want to includeMycenaean Greekas well, as we have a category for it just for Linear B inscriptions. One final note, I don't know if this deserves mention, but Classical Greek has a number of dialects: Doric, Attic, etc. At this point, these are only noted when there is a regional variant, such as inἀπό.Cerealkiller1319:25, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

• Ancient/Mycenean/mediaeval/dailects: I have modified this slightly
• In order to simplify this page I think that perhaps there should be a separateAbout Ancient Greekpage - each should refer to the other.
  —Saltmarsh09:43, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Agreed. If I get some time (and inspiration), I'll try and write up such a page. One minor comment about what you have right now, I don't believe all of Classical Greek derives from Mycenaean. I'm not positive about this, but I think scholars currently think that Mycenaean was an early dialect of Greek, which a dialect or two (specificallyArcadocypriot) may have come from. But I don't think Attic or Doric came from Mycenaean. Again, not positive on this, just going off of Wikipedia. I really should take the time to read some scholarly literature on this.Cerealkiller1318:30, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

This wasn't the place for the history of Greek! - so I've removed refs to Mycenean. Thanks —Saltmarsh06:46, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

I have added a new ref to Mycenean Greek —Saltmarsh11:21, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Romanisation

The history looks great, as do the POS sections (which I see have been greatly expanded). I think the most important thing it needs now is a pronunciation and Romanization section.Cerealkiller1317:31, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

I have 'completed' the Romanisation section now - Pronunciation (or the writing down thereof) I will have to leave to others. —Saltmarsh15:45, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

Katharevousa

Katharevousa:a learned, archaising form of modern Greek(as it is defined by Browning 1983?) perhaps defines it - not a separate language. Can we, for the time being, accommodate it within (modern) Greek in the way thatκαρβονικόν/καρβονικόare treated, ie:

1. The katharevousa form is entered as a normal Greek word with the context labal "katharevousa", with the "form of" extension to the definition. Question: could this layout be improved. This format could be achieved via a template for later improvement.
2. the katharevousa form should be listed on the "modern" form's page under "Synonyms". Is it a synonym? It was previously there as an alternative spelling, do we need a different header?
3. Since all words will be in the category "Katharevousa" we can run with this for a while to see if anyone comes up with a better idea.

—Saltmarsh11:10, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

I can't find the Browning definition; it's not in hisMedieval & Modern Greekthat I can find (and the absence of a subject index in the book doesn't help). Horrocks (1997, §17.3) characterizeskatharévousaas "the 'corrected' written language", with greater archaism brought into the language as a result of a belief in "the 'ideal' of ancient Greek perfection". The way we treat this sort of thing in English is to use the{{archaic}}tag. The same could be done here. --EncycloPetey17:32, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

Given that it was in use up to the mid-70's, I don't know how archaic it can be considered (although certainly it's a dead dialect). While not opposed to the use of the context tag, I'd like to see terms labeled explicitly as belonging to Katharevousa as well. Labeling them only as archaic does not provide enough information in this case. (BTW in case it's useful to other readers, a not too bad summary of the history of the language issue is herebelongs to mogreeklanguage.html(Peter Mackridge, so that's a respectable source).)ArielGlenn23:01, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

(1) the Browning def I give is in the Glossary towards the back of the book.
(2) I agree that labelling asarchaicis not enough.
(3) an apology - I only just notice thatκαρβονικόνis a noun andκαρβονικός(now edited toκαρβονικό) an adjective) an adjective, not a good example! —Saltmarsh05:35, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

καρβονικόνis actually an adjective and it corresponds 100% toκαρβονικό.In fact, most neutral nouns and adjectives in -ο have katharevousa forms in -ον (e.g.αγαθό-αγαθόν(noun and adjective (neutral ofαγαθός)),μήλο-μήλον(noun),παιδικό-παιδικόν(adjective, neutral ofπαιδικόςetc etc, but, onlyπαιδιάστικο)--Flyax07:44, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

Τhere is also theCategory:el:Datedthat complicates things. Seeαγών,which is a katharevousa form and a dated one. One category should be enough though. --Flyax08:00, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

We are going to need to be able to mark dialects anyways; after that words might get other context labels as necessary (colloquial, dated, etc). I agree that having a dedicated second "Dated" category under el seems excessive.ArielGlenn11:52, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

I've already starting hosting additional Katharevousapronunciationsin entries for Ancient Greek words, if that helps. They are essentially modern Greek phonology with formal features as I have studied them to be, including modern sandhi being partially scaled back so that plosive-plosive and fricative-fricative clusters are possible. -Gilgamesh13:27, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

That's good - since there are already multiple forms there. —Saltmarsh05:01, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

Maybe that isn't so good. The proper thing to do is to have a separate section for the Katharevousa word under L2 header "Greek" and move there the pronunciation. Hosting the Katharevousa pronunciation in Ancient Greek section might lead to confusion about the nature of that "language", which clearly belongs to Modern Greek. --Flyax19:59, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

I could easily adjust the templates to exclude the Katharevousa altogether, without changing all the articles' texts. However, my understanding was that Katharevousa is an archaism, and is an appropriate standard by which to show howmodernGreeks pronouncingancientwords, right? I mean, how does a modern Greek pronounce Classical Greek? (BTW, I hope my logic leaps are not strange or bizarre. Despite my best efforts, I havenocommon sense. Common sense would seem to imply abstract thought, and I'm a specific thinker without inate abstract intuition. Sorry for the inconvenience.) -Gilgamesh05:18, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

It might be a good idea to widen this discussion to the community - there must be other languages with similar forms? —Saltmarsh06:50, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Gilgameshposes an interesting question: How does a modern Greek pronounce Classical Greek? This question however involves all classical words, even those that haven't survived as a katharevousa form, and can be answered without a reference to katharevousa. Maybe a simple change in the template would be suitable, e.g. replacing the word "Katharevousa" with "non-erasmian contemporary pronunciation" or something like that. --Flyax10:56, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Yes, I could change the templates easily... But that label is very long-winded. What about something just one or two words maximum? Maybe "Greece/Cyprus Contemporary" or "Greece/Cyprus"? Ehh...I don't know what's both adequate and as appropriately concise as "Classical", "Koine" and "Byzantine". (BTW, I mark the principal Greece/Cyprus difference by doing[(s)s]etc. for doubled consonants and[t(ʰ)]etc. for doubled voiceless plosives. The parts in parentheses are kept in Cyprus, but ignored in Greece. I know there's a further difference between northern Greece εντ=[ent]and southern Greece εντ=[ẽd],but I figured that micromanaging this for Classical Greek words would be overkill. Feedback on that?) -Gilgamesh12:19, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

If you seek for different pronunciations, then it's likely that you'll find lots of them. A peloponessian pronunciation and a thessaliotic one and a macedonian one... there is no end to that and this is (I think) beyond the scope of Wiktionary. Even for English words we don't have more than two of them. So, as long as we discuss about the Ancient Greek section, one contemporary pronunciation would be enough and, in my opinion, the "non-erasmian" label is quite clear. --Flyax12:39, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

I suppose at some point folks might want to include the Erasmian pronunciation (since variants of that are used in teaching Ancient Greek these days in a number of countries). If so, there may be a template {{Contemporary (Erasmian)}} someday, and we won't need to characterize the current Greek pronunciation as non-erasmian. In the meantime, maybe we can use {{Contemporary (Greek)}}, and explain in a glossary someplace what that means, just like the other terms. Is that short enough?ArielGlenn23:40, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

It's OK with me. Some explanation will be necessary, whatever the label is. --Flyax19:23, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

Well, I suppose I can't reflect every dialect (that can be a pipe dream), but it still seems to make sense to me to keep doubled consonant articulations in parentheses in respect to those major dialects that preserve gemination: Cyprus and (if I recall correct—I may be wrong) the Dodecanese. Afterall, if major dialects preserve certain distinctions, then the language continuum as a whole can't be saidnotto distinguish them, regardless of how it's spoken in Athens alone. It's like how American English dictionaries still distinguishing cot/caught, merry/marry/Mary, whales/Wales, horse/hoarse, etc., even though most of the common dialects merge them and their distinctions are often learned only with age and experience by those people who came from the merging dialects. Using parentheses to indicate additional nonuniversal pronunciation detail makes it a bit clearer that some people in the same language include the parenthesized content, and some people do not. -Gilgamesh02:41, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

It is of course up to you to decide what to put in the Ancient Greek entries. But maybe distinguishing between pronunciations in modern dialects is best done in the Modern Greek entries? Many Ancient Greek words will be there anyways, with the monotonic spelling. Just a thought,ArielGlenn16:26, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

I dunno. My wisdom (which I have before disclaimed is not common sense) would be to reflect it both in Classical and Modern, as there seems to be a clear overlap, with the exception that Classical entries are spelt polytonic, and Modern classically-spelt entries are spelt monotonic. Afterall, polytonic spelling was still strongly prescribed during Koine and Byzantine times, but Koine was very clearly a monotonic period. -Gilgamesh06:07, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

format of greek translations in english entries

(See also the conversations atUser talk:AtelaesandUser talk:ArielGlenn.)

This is not a big deal, we should just settle on something so it can be standardized.

From a reading ofWT:AEL,one would get the impression that Greek entries should look like

• Greekλέξηf(léxi)(léxi)

Right now we have varying usages. The vast majority of entries do look like that. But some also look like

• Greek, Modern...

and others are in subtables with the Ancient Greek entry like this:

• Greek:

  Ancient:εἰσακούω

  Modern:ακούω(akoúo)(akoúo)

If EncycloPetey is right and language names should appear uniformly the same then that means not marking entries as Modern. (I am sympathetic to that view because everyplace else, we do not use "Modern" as a modifier; Greek in this wikt means Modern Greek.) And, personally, I am biased against the subtable format because it's easier for me to work with the XML dumps when the entry is on one self-contained line. Apparently, there is no policy about this overall. Opinions, please? (And I am putting a pointer to this atWiktionary talk:About Ancient Greeksince this affects those folks too.)ArielGlenn04:04, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

You may wish to pull inUser:A-caiand any other Chinese editors on this, as it may affect them too. The basic argument the last time this issue was raised was twofold: (1) we don't use "English, Old" or "Saxon, Low", and also (2) we want the ISO template names, L2 language headers, and names of languages appearing in translations section to all match in order to make bot-work much, much easier. --EncycloPetey04:36, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

EncycloPeteyis most logical - as he says: we say Old English, Low Saxon so perhaps Ancient Greek? The example I gave elsewhere of "Romanian Cyrillic" and "Romanian Roman" was not a good one - like "Serbian" and "Uzbek" and possibly "Chinese", these are two entries for the SAME language in different script - although I am unsure about "Apache". —Saltmarsh05:33, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

Apache is a language group, with Plains Apache and Western Apache as distinct languages in that group. Interestingly (and relevant) is that the language of Plains Apache is also known as Kiowa Apache, but Kiowa is a different language altogether. As a result, we couldnotuse a main header of "Apache" with bulleted items for "Kiowa", since that would lead to confusion about which language was intended. Likewise, we don't have "Gaelic, Scottish", but instead use "Scottish Gaelic". --EncycloPetey06:46, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

Am I right in thinking that this is now wrapped up? And that in future we should have:

• Ancient Greek:εἰσακούω
• French:qwerty
• Greek:ακούω(akoúo)(akoúo)

—Saltmarsh05:24, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

Works for me. If so, I will get back to work on my cleanups. I wish any of the AG crowd had weighed in (or at least indicated they'd read this), however.ArielGlenn11:29, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

template:polytonic

InWiktionary:Grease pit archive/2007/June#template:polytonic,it was noted that{{polytonic}}shows Ancient Greek characters with breathing, accents etc. uses{{polytonic fonts}}(Palatino Linotype, Athena, GentiumAlt, Gentium, Arial Unicode MS, Tahoma, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Code2000), while{{Grek}}uses{{Greek fonts}}(Athena, Gentium, Palatino Linotype, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Code2000). Is it important to keep the Greek and Ancient Greek fonts separate or can they be merged?Rod(A. Smith)22:16, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

I have never used{{Grek}}.(Should I be?) I don't know that (modern) Greek needs special handling. I do notice this template used (oddly enough) in AGr etymologies, though rarely. An example is atabyssand seems to be a recent addition byUser:Williamsayers79...ArielGlenn00:49, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Many common modern Greek fonts do not support polytonic characters. The polytonic template supports fonts that are commonly pre-installed on most people's computers. This ensures that a piece of polytonic text appears all in the same font. CompareΟυρανόςvs.Οὐρανός(Ouranós).The common fonts Tahoma and Palatino Linotype support polytonic, but fonts like Arial and Times New Roman do not. -Gilgamesh01:58, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

I have left any use of non-standard fonts to polytonic Ancient Greek which I seldom write. For νέα ελληνικά I have always done what I have done here, relying on the Wiki system to produce a usable display. Which it does. —Saltmarsh10:44, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Just to point out that (computer) fonts developed for polytonic use typically (though not always) have a very different look than most fonts for use with Modern Greek. (Rodwas asking about this off-wiki.) This may be a side effect of the fact that it is mostly classicists who use the polytonic computer fonts.ArielGlenn02:26, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

Thanks, everyone, for all of your feedback. It seems{{polytonic}}is here to stay, and{{Grek}}needs to remain separate. I have documented each on their talk page.Rod(A. Smith)03:26, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

General comments about this "About" page

My understanding was that the About language pages, were to spell out WT:ELEexceptionsfor a particular language.

Whilethispage is pretty fantastic, I think it belongs atHelp:Greek.I don't see anything readily apparent about it, that diverges from WT:ELE. (But then, it isverylong, soTLDRapplies.) And if there are minor points that do diverge from WT:ELE, they probably should be brought in line.

Now, I know I haven't paid much attention to the About... pages myself, particularly lately. But can someone please tell me why this is so completely different from how these pages are supposed to function? Did everyone just get carried away creating a great (really, really great, by the way,)Help:page, in the wrong place?

--Connel MacKenzie22:25, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Mea culpa! I will see about moving it. —Saltmarsh10:46, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Hang on!Wiktionary:Language considerationsimplies that this may be the right place, random individual pages say:

1. Wiktionary:About Persiansays... a comprehensive guideline for creating entries for Persian words.
2. Wiktionary:About Serbiansays... mainly an instruction on how to format articles on Serbian words (more precisely, how to format the Serbian section of an entry).
3. Wiktionary:About Latinsays... to provide guidelines both for creating Latin... entries.

As for length - IMHO potential editors need to find as much as possible inONEplace. On too many occasions I have got tired of searching "Help" and said "sod it, that'll have to do!"—Saltmarsh13:46, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

IPA ε and ο

I've noticed that, in Modern/Contemporary Greek pronunciation, I tend towards indicating the pronunciation of these vowels[e]and[o],while other editors prefer[ɛ]and[ɔ],and maybe a few use[ɛ]and[o].But as I have been instructed, these middle vowels are neither strictly close mid ([e]and[o]) nor open mid ([ɛ]and[ɔ]), but just plainmid.Since there are no dedicated IPA vowel symbols for these articulations,[e̞]and[o̞](lowered from close mid) or[ɛ̝]and[ɔ̝](raised from open mid) are used. However, since the close mid and open mid are allophonesanywayin Modern/Contemporary Greek pronunciation, it seems simpler just to use the archetypal mid vowel symbols,[e]and[o],and mark varying actual articulation to natural allophony. Wikipedia'sModern Greek phonologyarticle does this. (Not to mention that α can be seen indicated anywhere from[a]to[ɐ]to[ɑ]—the articulation seems to be more central at[ɐ],but the archetypal symbol[a]is traditionally used in broad transcription.) -Gilgamesh13:31, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Moved toWiktionary talk:About Greek/Pronunciation,please continue there —Saltmarsh13:51, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Declension tables

I was surprised to notice that in declension tables for nouns and adjectives the accusative (αιτιατική) case is above the genitive (γενική):

Singular Plural
Nominative ο αδελφός οι αδελφοί
Accusative τον αδελφό τους αδελφούς
Genitive του αδελφού των αδελφών
Vocative αδελφέ αδελφοί

Is there a reason for that? Greek school books (and all Greek grammar books as far as I know) follow this scheme:

Ενικός Πληθυντικός
Ονομαστική ο αδελφός οι αδελφοί
Γενική του αδελφού των αδελφών
Αιτιατική τον αδελφό τους αδελφούς
Κλητική αδελφέ αδελφοί

If there isn't an explanation, I'll proceed to edit the tables. --Anastasios21:54, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

I for one don't care. TheAncient Greek declension templatesare already Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Vocative. -Gilgamesh01:27, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

I have already edited the templates so as to follow the scheme the most usual in Greek grammar textbooks. However, it seems that the creator of the original templates had a different opinion, but for some reason missed this discussion. So, I would like to apologize for not having waited for a longer time. --flyax09:57, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

As the original creator that's fine. I was always in two minds about this - Triandafyllidis puts them in the "new order", but it is quite old, Holton et al the most comprehensive grammar available - at least in English - uses the original order, which matches that used traditionally when I learnt Latin and German in the dark ages, so I thought I was following an up-to-date layout. So my apologies for making a fuss, as a discussion obviously did take place. —Saltmarsh^Talk11:24, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

Which one is right?

I found a very detailedonline textof the pronunciation of Modern Greek, and it contradicts some of the things in the text Ariel Glenn sent me. This online source claims that articulations[li]and[ni]neverexist in modern Modern Greek pronunciation under any circumstances, and that they are articulated[ʎi]and[ɲi].It also suggests that[mʝ]is not viable—that it's necessarily[mɲ]instead. However, it does agree with the text I was given in that palatalized[ŋɡ]etc. becomes[ŋɟ]rather than[ɲɟ].Still, I wonder if it still isn't actually[ɲɟ],but that velar and palatal articulations are so close as to fool most people into thinking it's still[ŋ].(Afterall, the palatals are articulated usually in the presence of[ʝ],but palatals can still exist even without direct contact with it, and in those circumstances directly before palatals could be easily confused for velars.) Also, I have observed that while μβ and νδ are enunciated with fricatives (even as far that the μ in μβ is pronounced[ɱ]), γγ is enunciated with a plosive ([ŋɡ]), making me wonder if γγι as[ŋʝ]sounds the same as[ɲ]in people's ears, necessitating γγι as[ŋɟ].-Gilgamesh10:34, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

In these enunciated wave recordings, I'm hearing[ɲɟ],not[ŋɟ].The difference is subtle, but he's nasalizing against the hard palate, not the soft palate. All palatal consonants are articulated against the hard palate. The velum, which is the soft palate, are where all velar consonants are articulated. The fact that the two palates are in such close articulative proximity is precisely why they're so difficult in practically any language to distinguish in direct proximity. -Gilgamesh11:10, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

About "li" and "ni": the academic approach of P. Mackridge is very clear. There are two ways to pronounce them, not one. The /li/ and /ni/ pronunciation is the more usual and "the palatalization of n (and l) before i is not considered to be a sign of careful pronunciation, even though it is a feature of most of the chief Modern Greek dialects". Anything else is simply not true. I don't know why the author of the above mentioned web-page insists on an such an absurdly absolute statement. There is also another comic mistake in this webpage: Please, never try saing /zbr'oxno/ in front of sophisticated people! They will not laugh at you, of course, but you are not going to impress them. Finally, let me tell you something more personal: I was born and raised in Athens, and I say always /Nikos/ and /Eleni/. My wife was born and raised in southern Peloponnisos and says /ɲikos/ and /Eleɲi/. I can't remember how many times we have laughed and teased each other about this small detail. Now, despite the fact that we live in Peloponnisos, our daughters say /ni/, not /ɲi/. A few days ago, our little daughter came home after her first day in school saying: "Daddy, my teacher, she says ɲi!"

About ([ŋɟ]) etc: I don't know what you hear in the recordings. I hear what it seems to me to be a regular ŋ. Finally, since there is a commonly accepted phonetic transcription of these combinations, there is nothing else for us to do than following it ([1]) --flyax13:31, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

Yes, it appears you are quite correct. And since you also seem to speak so clearly, maybe you can make your own various ogg recordings someday?:3 -Gilgamesh21:34, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

You were born and raised in Athens? Are you an Arvanite?:3 I also wonder, out of sheer personal curiosity (and entirely outside the scope of Standard Demotic Greek as covered here in Wiktionary), do you know much about the Mani dialect? I read somewhere that even though pre-20th-century Old Athenian (where ξύλο =[ksˈulo]) is extinct in Athens, Megara, Aegina, Cyme, etc., that[ksˈulo]is not extinct in the traditional dialect of Mani. Is this true? -Gilgamesh01:02, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

I am not an Arvanite and I don't know much about dialects. I don't speak so clearly either (I say ([ˈaɟelos]) even though I know that that the proper pronunciation is ([aŋɟelos]). Nevertheless, we'll see how it will be possible to add some recordings to the Greek entries, some day. --flyax09:11, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

About[ksˈulo]in the traditional dialect of Mani, it seems you are right. A few decades ago some aged people still used it. Not any more I'm afraid. --flyax12:52, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Ahh, I read somewhere that nasal elision is common in Athens. I wondered if you were an Arvanite because I'm fascinated by the richness of the ancestral diversity of modern Greeks, and how many people had grandparents or great grandparents who spoke other languages (and some of their young descendants today still know them). Arvanites fascinate me especially because their language was the chief language of Athens and most of southeastern Greece before 1900, and a lot of native Athenians still have grandparents who know it, but Arvanites largely just speak Greek today. Seew:Arvanitika#Geographic distributionand the two map images. On the other hand, I also read that Greeks from all over also gathered in Athens after it was refounded as a Greek city in the 19th century, and many more came after the Treaty of Lausanne population exchanges. I understand that there are some politics associated with these issues, but I don't care much about them—the sheer richness of it and all and all the twists and turns that took place is what's fascinating. ^_^ That's part of the reason I got into studying Ancient Greek, Koine Greek, Byzantine GreekandModern Greek comparatively in the first place—the ways the different time periods contrast, and the way cultural centers moved and at times even completely abandoned their traditional points of origin. (Attica was rehellenized twice. During earlier Byzantine times, much of Greece Proper had fallen into decay and became steadily mostly Slavic-speaking, and then was recolonized by Byzantine Greeks from Sicily and Anatolia. Then southeastern Greece, which had become Arvanitic-speaking, was rehellenized in the 19th century. My mom fascinatedly commented, "Are thereanyGreeks of ancient Greek ancestry left? ") Greece and the northeastern Mediterranean region are history's rainbow, and it's all so fun to study. ^_^ -Gilgamesh09:51, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

By the way, I revisedWiktionary:Ancient Greek Romanization and Pronunciationagain to match the templates and our discussions. How is it? -Gilgamesh23:59, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

I think it's OK with the exception of "γγ" which is pronounced as[ŋɣ]in words asσυγγραφέας,έγγραφοand as[ŋʝ]in words asεγγεγραμμένος.--flyax13:01, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Eee... So basically, when ν+γ come together at the end of a prefix? I'll add a note. -Gilgamesh07:31, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

Okay, I've added the new templates{{grc-ipatok-n-g}}and{{grc-ipatok-n-gj}}.They are only different from{{grc-ipatok-ng}}and{{grc-ipatok-ngj}}in Contemporary pronunciation, as this distinction was not yet necessary in Byzantine which still had[ŋk]and[ŋɡ].I've changed some relevant articles related to the two other templates to point to the new coda templates.Παγγαῖος(Pangaîos)andΠαγγαῖον(Pangaîon)are the only ones so far affected. -Gilgamesh07:44, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

Unfortunately, there is not a rule about that. In compound words with γῆ the pronunciation is /ŋɡ/ or /ŋɟ/:( So it's actually /Paŋɟ'eon/,έγγειοςis /'eŋɟios/. Withγένοςit's even stranger:συγγενής/syŋɟen'is/ but /εγγενής/eŋʝen'is/!!! So, the only thing you can do is to search for the pronunciation of each wordhere.I'm sorry that I cannot make it more easy for you. --flyax13:43, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

Oh, you've gotta be kidding me. o.o Ugh...so ideosyncratic. XD Okay, I'll see what I can do. -Gilgamesh14:37, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

Okay, I changed the words back. I also updated the notes for that digraph.In Contemporary pronunciation, in numerous irregular cases, is pronounced[ŋɣ]and[ŋʝ]respectively. Please consult (and preferably cite) a reputable Modern Greek pronunciation source for each word concerned.-Gilgamesh14:43, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

Review of About Greek

I have come back after a break - on readingAbout GreekI find that some bits are slightly obscure. I do not wish to be too proprietorial about the page, never-the-less I have noticed some changes which I think should be made. It is difficult to list all of these in advance,butI hope anyone with an interest will tell me if I make an inappropriate change or make something more unclear! —Saltmarsh^{απάντηση}12:09, 6 February 2010 (UTC)

I have re-started this endeavour —Saltmarsh^{απάντηση}11:51, 2 November 2010 (UTC)

Idowish to change the recommended templates for the definitions in non-lemma noun forms from theTemplate:inflection ofto theTemplate:nominative offamily. —Saltmarsh^{απάντηση}12:09, 6 February 2010 (UTC)

This suggestion has been rejected - refer to the relevant text in the document for guidance.—Saltmarsh^{απάντηση}11:51, 2 November 2010 (UTC)

Partial move to Help:Greek

Connel MacKenzie suggested above that help with creating Greek entries sould be more correctly located in the Help namsepace. Although I argued against it at the time - no-one else expressed an interest - I intend to do this without delay, the effect can always be reversed if there are later objections. —Saltmarsh^{απάντηση}05:27, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

It is now November - this has not happened since otherAboutpages are located in this namespace. —Saltmarsh^{απάντηση}11:48, 2 November 2010 (UTC)

Passive verb entries

All monolingual Greek dictionaries (that I've seen) do not list passive verbs separately - but as forms of the active verb.
The question is should the headword line:

κουράζω• (kourázo)simple past:κούρασα(koúrasa)

become:

κουράζω• (kourázo),simple past:κούρασα(koúrasa),passive:κουράζομαι(kourázomai)

—Saltmarsh(talk)11:18, 11 January 2014 (UTC)

It does make sense to include the passive form into the headword line, so I agree to such a change. On the other hand, several passive verbs have distinct meanings and need definitions. Dictionaries in print present these (passive) definitions under the main (active) lemma but I am not sure this is the best solution for us here. --flyax(talk)12:00, 11 January 2014 (UTC)

I would expect that eventually all passive forms should have separate enties with definition and conjugation. I have the problem of deciding exactly what the passive form "means" (and lack time to do the job properly)- hence entries likeθερίζομαι,which should eventually have the missing data added.Saltmarsh(talk)05:54, 12 January 2014 (UTC)

For starters, I know next to nothing about modern Greek, so my comments here should be taken with a grain of salt. However, in Ancient Greek I'm trying to get away from inflection information in the headline. We've moved away from having the verbal principle parts in the headline, and relegated them solely to the "Inflection" header, and I'm quite happy with the results. Simply put, the headline just didn't have the space to properly address all of the different forms and variants, and I feel that it works better to have all of that information under a dedicated header. I started putting the active, middle, and passive forms in the headers of the collapsible tables (a project I still need to finish), and I think it provides a nice overview at a glance. I'm also considering removing inflectional information from the headlines of nouns and adjectives, but haven't gotten around to making that transition yet. Print dictionaries put that information in the initial line because they have it nowhere else, whereas we have the space to have a dedicated section with complete inflections. -Atelaesλάλει ἐμοί20:00, 11 January 2014 (UTC)

I like the idea of separate collapsable tenses with 1st person form in their headers (past forms could then disappear from headword line AND separate tense tables would make the population of conjugation sections happen a bit quicker!). The past term could then disappear from headword lines. At present having these two forms visable there will encourage editors to write the forms down and then hopefully create entries form them.Saltmarsh(talk)05:54, 12 January 2014 (UTC)

Personally I agree withflyax.I will welcome adding (of course optionally) the passive form in headword. This will give a "note" to reader that such a form exists and maybe this is what (s)he is looking for. But the inflection should go to the separate lemma, together with all "passive" meanings. Even if, in some cases, may simply "redirect" to the active (such as: passive form of xxx). --Xoristzatziki(talk)06:20, 13 January 2014 (UTC)

I've taken that on board and modified{{el-verb}}to accept apassiveform to be seen atντύνω(ntýno).The template now acceptsnamedarguments (past, past2 & passive) — the 'old' positional arguments should be phased out.

I had problems developing a full set of conjugation templates - due to the diversity of paradigms! And am trying out-Atelaes'ssuggestion of using separate tense tables - and see how I get on.ντύνω(ntýno)shows an example.Saltmarsh(talk)16:18, 17 January 2014 (UTC)

Pronunciation

That would really be awesome if the pronunciations were generated by something similar totemplate:grc-IPA.--Fsojic(talk)14:05, 4 January 2015 (UTC)

Transliteration/transcription

There has been a discussionabout the system of transliteration/transcription used here. @Saltmarsh,@Xoristzatziki,@Rossyxan,@Svlioras,@Flyax,@Omnipaedista,@Eipnvn,@Dimboukas.--Fsojic(talk)12:51, 1 November 2016 (UTC)

Categories for verb stems

Hello, should there be categories to regroup all verbs that derive from the same stem, e.g. a category for παραθέτω, καταθέτω, αντιθέτω, etc.? I haven't found any.Orgyn(talk)14:21, 2 February 2017 (UTC)

I don't see any reason for not doing this - how would you plan to name them? "Greek verbs derived from 'θέτω'? —Saltmarsh.06:32, 3 February 2017 (UTC)

But, on second thoughts, perhaps these could be found by looking up 'θέτω'? Where you helpfully added them! —Saltmarsh.10:53, 3 February 2017 (UTC)

Indeed, if we don't need to use category, let's not add new ones. You're right, maybe we should use the stem page to indicate all descended terms and then on the page of each descendant, mention the main stem either in the etymology of related term section.Orgyn(talk)22:14, 4 February 2017 (UTC)

Todo list

Hello, the time I spend editing Wiktionary entries is very irregular but I'm still wondering if you guys have a todo list for Greek entries?Orgyn(talk)22:18, 4 February 2017 (UTC)

Wiktionary:Requested entries (Greek)

Wiktionary:Requested entries (Ancient Greek)—Stephen^(Talk)22:55, 4 February 2017 (UTC)

Latin-alphabet loanwords

Do we have a policy for the inclusion/exclusion of loanwords into the Greek language that use the Latin alphabet (aside from the existingItaliot Greekterms)? For example, we definitely includeμπλε(ble)(a loan of the Frenchbleu), but should we add terms likecomputerwhich are written using the Latin alphabet in otherwise purely Greek text (example:petaflops)? -Stelio(talk)11:55, 6 November 2017 (UTC)

I'm frankly opposed to it. Don't know if you have seenthesediscussions?--Barytonesis(talk)13:09, 6 November 2017 (UTC)

There we go again.Please use Greek alphabet for Greek words,e.g. "computer" is writtenκομπιούτερ(kompioúter)in Greek. --Anatoli T.^{(обсудить}/^вклад)13:12, 6 November 2017 (UTC)

I think Chuck Entz has the truth of it (see his message at the end of the first convo): these are instances ofcode-switching,so we should not consider words used in that fashion as "Greek". κομπιούτερ is Greek, computer isn't. --Barytonesis(talk)13:15, 6 November 2017 (UTC)

Yes, exactly, @Barytonesis, my answer was to the original question, not to you. --Anatoli T.^{(обсудить}/^вклад)13:21, 6 November 2017 (UTC)

Excellent; thanks @Barytonesis,Atitarevfor the answers. I presumed this topic had already been discussed before, but didn't find a note on this page.Personally I sayυπολογιστήςin Greek, which avoids the whole issue.-Stelio(talk)13:44, 6 November 2017 (UTC)

Use of sense template with the link template

I'm not sure which one should be used, as I see both:

• (thanks to):χάριν(chárin)
• χάριν(chárin,“thanks to”)

I would personnally go with the second one as that's one less template to use... Is there a prefered way of doing this? —Orgyn(talk)17:02, 23 November 2017 (UTC)

They have different purposes. The{{sense}}template is to show which sense a synonym or antonym is being related to. The gloss in{{l}}is simply to show what a word means when you link to it in other contexts, like in a 'Related terms' section. —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds}17:26, 23 November 2017 (UTC)

Ok, that makes sense. One more question: when{{sense}}is used, using gloss of{{l}}will in most case be redundant correct? Thanks —Orgyn(talk)13:16, 24 November 2017 (UTC)

Well, only if it's a synonym. If it's an antonym, say on the entrygood,you'd get{{sense|good}} {{l|en|bad}}.But we use{{syn}}and{{ant}}as our new and improved templates for synonyms and antonyms, which are placed right under the relevant senses, so you don't have to use{{sense}}at all if you switch over to those. (And by the way, it's not really necessary to provide a gloss all the time when you use{{l}}regardless.) —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds}16:49, 24 November 2017 (UTC)

Thanks! So with{{ant}}and{{syn}}the Synonyms and Antonyms section will gradually disappear? —Orgyn(talk)23:44, 24 November 2017 (UTC)

That's the idea. Feel free to ask for examples or formatting help if you need it. And by the way, this page isn't very active, so you'd be better off asking someone specific (like me) if you need any help. —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds}03:35, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

φέρω vs. φέρνω

φέρνω is marked as an alternate form ofφέρω,while this is not the case forφέρνω.Is this really the case? My dictionary has two different entries with different meaning. Same for Babiniotis. But it looks like they may have the same etymological root. Should the alternate form mention be removed? —Orgyn(talk)15:30, 8 December 2017 (UTC)

@Orgyn:I've added an etymology toφέρνω(férno),which is simplyφέρω(féro)with anasal infix.Is their usage different enough to consider them as two different verbs? Are they cases where only one can be used to the exclusion of the other? Furthermore, only the form built on the present stem are different; for the rest they're identical. --Barytonesis(talk)15:42, 8 December 2017 (UTC)

But now that I think of it, it's probably a (derivational)suffixrather than an infix. It's not put inside the stem, but at the end of it, right before the inflectional suffix. --Barytonesis(talk)19:23, 8 December 2017 (UTC)

I'm not a native speaker, that's why I'm asking the question here. But from what I know their usage is different, e.g. φέρω μεγάλες ευθύνες (I bear great responsabilities), φέρνω την εφημερίδα (I bring the newspaper). I don't think in these cases the verbs can be changed. However, as you say, in another tense, we won't see any difference, it will only be understood from the context. —Orgyn(talk)09:24, 10 December 2017 (UTC)

απόλυτα etymology

Hello guys, can you have a quick look at theαπόλυταentry. There are two etymology sections but this seems wrong to me. Both the adverb and adjective have the same root, haven't they? —Orgyn(talk)17:46, 16 December 2017 (UTC)

I see this has been handled byPer utramque cavernam,thanks. —Orgyn(talk)21:35, 10 March 2018 (UTC)

Tools to generate inflected forms?

Do you guys use any scripts or tools to generate the content of "form of" pages? I would also be interested in whatever tool you use to help with the creation of Greek entries. Maybe such a section could be added in the About Greek page? —Orgyn(talk)21:21, 10 March 2018 (UTC)

Hellenic channel on the Discord server

@Barytonesis,Flyax,Saltmarsh,Stelio,Xoristzatziki,RossyxanHello all, anHellenicchannel has just been created on Wiktionary's Discord server (which is like an enhanced IRC—though some may not like it). You can joinhere.I'm just thinking it could be a better tool than user talk pages for some types of discussions... Join if you want, no accounts needed;). And sorry for the ping, I must have seen your names a few times when editing Greek entries and thought you might be interested.:) —Orgyn(talk)18:28, 12 March 2018 (UTC)

@Per utramque cavernam—Aryaman^{A(मुझसे बात करें•योगदान)}21:56, 12 March 2018 (UTC)

Thanks @Orgyn:— here is a couple more @Omnipaedista,Dimboukas—Saltmarsh.05:24, 13 March 2018 (UTC)

Thanks for the heads up. I intend no offence, but choose not to join in on Discord (or IRC). -Stelio(talk)09:05, 13 March 2018 (UTC)

Greek numerals

I've been thinking about Greek numerals, and have some propositions to make:

• InTemplate:el-numbers,replace the existing link table with a new one.
  • This includesjustthe significant digits, andallthe significant digits, as opposed to what seems to be a somewhat disjoint series (why include 21, 22, 11k? why not other multiples of 10k and 100k?). It also presents the digits in an appropriate grid.

existing current table

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	30	40	50	60	70	80	90
Α΄	Β΄	Γ΄	Δ΄	Ε΄	Ϛ΄,ΣΤ΄	Ζ΄	Η΄	Θ΄	Ι΄	ΙΑ΄	ΙΒ΄	ΙΓ΄	ΙΔ΄	ΙΕ΄	ΙϚ΄,ΙΣΤ΄	ΙΖ΄	ΙΗ΄	ΙΘ΄	Κ΄	ΚΑ΄	ΚΒ΄	Λ΄	Μ΄	Ν΄	Ξ΄	Ο΄	Π΄	Ϟ΄

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1k

2k

3k

4k

5k

6k

7k

8k

9k

10k

11k

20k

100k

Ρ΄

Σ΄

Τ΄

Υ΄

Φ΄

Χ΄

Ψ΄

Ω΄

Ϡ΄

͵Α

͵Β

͵Γ

͵Δ

͵Ε

͵Ϛ,͵ΣΤ

͵Ζ

͵Η

͵Θ

͵Ι

͵ΙΑ

͵Κ

͵Ρ

Greek number and measurement appendix

proposed new table

Units	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1s	Α΄α΄	Β΄β΄	Γ΄γ΄	Δ΄δ΄	Ε΄ε΄	Ϛ΄ϛ΄ΣΤ΄Στ΄στ΄Ϝ΄ϝ΄	Ζ΄ζ΄	Η΄η΄	Θ΄θ΄
10s	Ι΄ι΄	Κ΄κ΄	Λ΄λ΄	Μ΄μ΄	Ν΄ν΄	Ξ΄ξ΄	Ο΄ο΄	Π΄π΄	Ϟ΄ϟ΄
100s	Ρ΄ρ΄	Σ΄σ΄	Τ΄τ΄	Υ΄υ΄	Φ΄φ΄	Χ΄χ΄	Ψ΄ψ΄	Ω΄ω΄	Ϡ΄ϡ΄
1000s	͵Α͵α	͵Β͵β	͵Γ͵γ	͵Δ͵δ	͵Ε͵ε	͵Ϛ͵ϛ͵ΣΤ͵Στ͵στ͵Ϝ͵ϝ	͵Ζ͵ζ	͵Η͵η	͵Θ͵θ
10,000s	͵Ι͵ι	͵Κ͵κ	͵Λ͵λ	͵Μ͵μ	͵Ν͵ν	͵Ξ͵ξ	͵Ο͵ο	͵Π͵π	͵Ϟ͵ϟ
100,000s	͵Ρ͵ρ	͵Σ͵σ	͵Τ͵τ	͵Υ͵υ	͵Φ͵φ	͵Χ͵χ	͵Ψ͵ψ	͵Ω͵ω	͵Ϡ͵ϡ
Greek number and measurement appendix

• CreateCategory:Greek numeral symbolswithinCategory:Numeral symbols by language.
• Standardise pages for Greek numeral entries (using a template?), and create pages for missing entries.
  • List Greek numerals as Greek language rather than Translingual. Compare with the Arabic٣for example, as opposed to Translingual3.
• Also updateTemplate:mul-numberchart(andrelated subpages) to include Greek numerals.

Any thoughts on the above? (If not, I'll go ahead with making changes bit by bit). -Stelio(talk)13:22, 30 April 2018 (UTC)

Since no one comment before, I thought I'd say this is a great idea! --WikiTiki8917:02, 10 May 2018 (UTC)

Sorry, I wanted to answer but completely forgot. The new table looks much better, great work! —Orgyn(talk)12:58, 11 May 2018 (UTC)

Updating progress. Just the biggest task left: updating each individual page (and creating new ones missing from the table) to be consistent in content and layout.:-) -Stelio(talk) 16:14, 10 May 2018 (UTC) More progress: that's half the number pages completed now (Α΄ to Ϡ΄ / 1 to 900). -Stelio(talk) 11:49, 11 May 2018 (UTC) And:finished!:-D Additionally, here's a summary page I put together as I was working on this:User:Stelio/Greek Numbers.-Stelio(talk)16:22, 17 May 2018 (UTC)

Great work @Stelio.I got by accident atόμικρον,and will add Derivatives to all your symbols. Also: wouldn't be nice to have a link From the symbol To the letter? If you agree, I can copy these! Thank you for your nice work.sarri.greek(talk)16:32, 20 May 2018 (UTC)

Pontic Greek

@Sarri.greek,Saltmarshand anyone else interested. I want to add Pontic Greek (codepnt) entries from{{R:pnt:Papadopoulos}}.Some words have an apostrophe at the end, which I believe indicates elision. Seeherethe alternative forms φλαμούρ’, φλαμπούρ’ forφλαμούριν(flamoúrin,“linden”).Should these spellings be somehow normalized or should I include the apostrophe in the headword as in the dictionary? Which Unicode symbol for the apostrophe should I use? Comparethe sameentry in{{R:pnt:Tursun}}.Also, Papadoupoulos uses polytonic notation. Can I safely replace all tone-indicating diacritics with the acute accent? --Vahag(talk)17:52, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

@Vahagn Petrosyan!How very interesting. I did not know these links. I have zero knowledge of greek dialects, but while copying data for some dictionaries i have understood -if I am not mistaken- the following, which you probably know very well.

_polytonic: no need to use it, old dictionaries have it for all versions of greek. Also, oral languages have no tradition for it. (Unless there were a quotation of special value, I would add them only at the quotation, or just write 'transcribed to monotonic'. But I would not worry about it.

_forms with apostrophs for elisions etc These are common (but not so frequent) to Standard Modern Greek too. Yes, I would include the normal typographic ' Example'γγίζω(IN quotations too, no need to swap to the old ’ as we do for ancient texts)

_What is the main lemma in most dialectal dictionaries? Not always forms of precise utterances (at the Papadopoulos dict, with suggestedscriptfor them, a hybridic mixture of interspersed phonetics along normal letters) They choose a form which is close to an overall 'cover' of all attested forms. If it is made up, it should have an asterisc, indicating, that it is chosen as the closest to Standard Greek, but not trully attested at the dialect. The asterisc is the practice of the unfinishedAcademy-of-Athens Historical Dicationryfor dialects, and other dictionaries of dialects (like the Tsakonian by Kostakis). Let me know if you need anything else. Could we use your nice links at el.wikt too? Thank you for your contribution to greek! ‑‑Sarri.greek^♫|18:16, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

@Sarri.greek:thanks for your helpful explanations. The links I provided are the photos I took from my print dictionaries. You can of course use those snippets, but the dictionaries themselves are not available in an electronic form.Vahag(talk)18:41, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

@Vahagn PetrosyanThanks for asking me - but this is totally beyond me! —Saltmarsh^🢃06:34, 7 February 2022 (UTC)

@Sarri.greek,any advice on how to represent on Wiktionary the two dots below α and ο, as describedhere?I can do this using the COMBINING DIAERESIS BELOW:μακαρτά̤ζω(makartä́zo),but I wonder if you have been normalizing these dialectal vowels otherwise.Vahag(talk)19:06, 10 April 2022 (UTC)

Many thanks, @Vahagn Petrosyanfor this link.

The policy of the Academy of Athens (they have published the all-dialect Dictionary up to delta, eight volumes 1933-1989, terribly dated but covering all greek dialects, by linguists sent to villages and areas involved, very well documented), was/is: they created a hybridic spelling with greek characters + improvised phonetic diacritics. This policy has been adopted and expanded at various other dialect-dictionaries.

At el.wikt. we do not make lemmata with such phonetic spellings. We have done as a sample someTsakonian,but not Pontic yet. We separate completely I.P.A. and lemmatize a spellingcloserto Standard.Modern.Greek. without any diacritics.

At the 'Alternative spellings' section, there may be someproposed spellingsby this or the other lexicographer; an example, at the tsaconicτθούμα.

But we do not have too much experience on what problems could arise and there is no editor specializing in dialects:( yet... ‑‑Sarri.greek^♫I19:28, 10 April 2022 (UTC)

@Vahagn Petrosyanlinks for the Academy Dictionaryhere‑‑Sarri.greek^♫I19:46, 10 April 2022 (UTC)

@Vahagn Petrosyanpdf Rules for phoneticsat page 95 (pdf17) there is a the alpha+umlaut for Pontos. ‑‑Sarri.greek^♫I19:56, 10 April 2022 (UTC)

Thanks. Then I will lemmatize in a spelling close to Standard Greek.Vahag(talk)21:06, 10 April 2022 (UTC)