X

See also:Appendix:Variations of "x"

Languages (34)

Translingual•English

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Afar•Afrikaans•Albanian•Azerbaijani•Basque•Central Franconian•Central Mazahua•Chinese•Dutch•Esperanto•Finnish•French•German•Heiltsuk•Hungarian•Icelandic•Ido•Italian•Korean•Kwak'wala•Latin•Malay•Norwegian•Portuguese•Romani•Romanian•Saanich•Somali•Spanish•Tagalog•Vietnamese•Zulu

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Page categories

X U+0058,X LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X ←W [U+0057] Basic Latin Y→ [U+0059]

Character variations

Ⅹ U+2169,Ⅹ ROMAN NUMERAL TEN ←Ⅸ [U+2168] Number Forms Ⅺ→ [U+216A]

Ｘ U+FF38,Ｘ FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X ←Ｗ [U+FF37] Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms Ｙ→ [U+FF39]

Translingual

Etymology 1

From theEtruscanletter𐌗(x,“ex”),from theAncient GreekletterΧ(Kh,“chi”),createdex nihilo.

Letter

X(lower casex)

1. The twenty-fourth letter of thebasic modern Latin alphabet.

See also

• (Latin script):AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSſsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz
• (Variations of letter X):ẌẍẊẋᶍＸｘ

Numeral

Roman numeral

X	Previous:	IX
	Next:	XI

X

2. TheRoman numeralten(10).
3. (especially in the names of aristocracy)Thetenth.

Alternative forms

• x
• VV,vv(nonstandard)
• X.(ordinal number)

Derived terms

• OS X
• Sol X

Symbol

X

1. (bowling)Astrike.

   Coordinate term:/(spare)

2. (sports)Afail.

   Coordinate terms:O(success),-(skip)

3. One of thetristimulusvalues which, withYandZ,defines coordinates in a three-dimensionalcolor space.Pronounced (in English)big Xorcap X.
   • 2003,Charles A. Poynton,Digital Video and HDTV: Algorithms and Interfaces(in English),→ISBN,page217:

     X,YandZare pronouncedbig-X,big-Y,andbig-Z,orcap-X,cap-Y,andcap-Z,to distinguish them from littlexand littley,to be described in a moment.

4. Aplaceholderfor anyletterorword.
5. (linguistics)Awildcardfor anysound(consonant, vowel or tone).
6. (international standards)Substituted for the third letter of acurrency codeto denote the minor unit of thatcurrency.
7. (chemistry)Halogen.

Etymology 2

Possibly fromskull and crossbones.

Symbol

X

1. A hazard indicator, sometimes incorporated into standard labeling and signage systems.

Derived terms

• XXX

Gallery

• Letter styles
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase versions ofX,in normal and italic type
• 
  Uppercase and lowercaseXinFraktur

See also

Other representations of X:

NATO phonetic:X-ray Morse code:–··– Braille:⠭ ASL Manual:X

Signal flag:

Semaphore:

English

Pronunciation

• (letter name)IPA^(key):/ɛks/

• Audio(US):

  (file)

• (phoneme)
  • IPA^(key):/ks/,/ɡz/,/kʃ/,/ɡʒ/
  • IPA^(key):/z/,/ʃ/(word-initially)
• Rhymes:-ɛks
• Homophone:Exe

Etymology 1

Introduced byRené Descartesin the context of mathematical notation, but has since widened to other contexts.

Numeral

X

2. An unknownquantityor unknown value.

   Letxrepresent the forecast traffic flow in 20 years’ time.

Derived terms

• double X
• Generation X
• Planet X
• X chromosome
• X factor

X chromosome

• 45,X
• 45,X0
• triple X syndrome
• X-ALD
• X-linked
• X-linked gene
• X-linked trait
• XX
• XXX
• XXXX

Translations

unknown quantity or unknown value

• Arabic:س(ar)(sīn)(unknown variable)
• Finnish:X(fi),tuntematon(fi)
• French:X(fr)
• German:x(de)n
• Macedonian:X,иксm(iks)
• Russian:X(ru)n,икс(ru)n(iks)
• Swedish:X(sv)

Proper noun

X

1. Aplaceholderfor an unknown, suppressed or hypothetical name.

   The woman known until now as WitnessXhas been unmasked after a court ruling.

   Suppose that Mr and MrsXhave been married for many years.

2. (anthroponymy,politics)Asurname,used by those who have had their identity or heritage, including their proper ancestral names, erased or forgotten.

   MalcolmX

Derived terms

• Algorithm X
• Australian X disease
• brand X
• hepatitis X
• Hosta virus X
• potato virus X
• Talcum X
• X-caboquinho

Etymology 2

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex,pluralXsorX's)

1. The twenty-fourthletterof the Englishalphabet,calledexand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)letter;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

Noun

X

2. Anymarkthat looks like that letter, such as a mark made by a person who cannot read or write in lieu of asignature.
3. (lacrosse)The spot behind thegoal.

Derived terms

• (cross mark):X marks the spot,X out,XXX
• (signature mark):XO,xo,XOXO,xoxo

Translations

cross#noun—seecross

Adjective

X(notcomparable)

1. Intersexornon-binary(in passports and identification documents).

   Coordinate terms:M,F

Etymology 3

Presumably by abbreviation of the pronunciation ofecstasy.

Noun

X(uncountable)

1. (slang)Ecstasy,a particularstreet drug.
   • 2003January 7, “In da Club” (track 5), inGet Rich or Die Tryin',performed by50 Cent:

     You can find me in the club, bottle full of bub'. Look, mami, I got theXif you into takin' drugs.

   • 2008,Stephen King,Graduation Weekend:

     Tonight the kids will go out and party down in a more righteous mode. Alcohol and not a few tabs ofXwill be ingested. Club music will throb through big speakers.

   • 2018June 8, “Love Druggie” ‎^[1]performed by Mendoza:

     I'm a love druggie falling for these drug junkies. Come n call on me besides theseXparties. It's fucking hard on my body.

Translations

slang: ecstasy

• Finnish:E(fi),eve(fi),essi(fi),xtc(fi)

Etymology 4

Adjective

X(notcomparable)

1. (Britishfilm certificate,dated)Suitable only for those aged sixteen or (later) eighteen years and over.
2. (originally movie rating)Obscene;adult;pornographic;XXX.
   • 1976,Movie Maker,volume10,numbers1-6,page364:

     If you go to anXmovie you do so knowingly, as does everyone else in the audience. Or if the same thing comes up on TV you can switch over, or, if you wish, enjoy it in relative privacy.

Derived terms

• XXX
• XXXX

Translations

suitable for those over 16 or 18

• Finnish:K(fi)
• Swedish:barnförbjuden(sv)(literally“forbidden to children”)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• French:^{(pleaseverify)}X(fr)
• Spanish:^{(pleaseverify)}equis(es)

Etymology 5

FromChristby abbreviation,orthographic borrowingfromAncient GreekΧ(Kh,letterchi),fromΧριστός(Khristós,“Christ”).

Proper noun

X

1. (informal)Christ

Derived terms

• Xian
• Xianity
• Xmas
• Xmastide
• Xt
• Xtian
• Xtianity
• Xtina
• Xtopher

Translations

informal: Christ

• Finnish:Jesse(fi)

Etymology 6

Sign reading “Pedestrian X” (Pedestrian Crossing)

Fromcross,due to theXsymbol being acrosssaltire.

Noun

X(pluralXes)

1. Cross,crossing.

   Kennington viaCharingX

Derived terms

• ped xing
• xing

Translations

cross, crossing

• Finnish:risteys(fi);suojatie(fi)(pedestrian crossing)

Etymology 7

Adjective

X(comparativemoreX,superlativemostX)

1. (informal)Abbreviationofextreme.

Afar

Letter

X

1. The eighthletterof the Afaralphabet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Bb,Tt,Ss,Ee,Cc,Kk,Xx,Ii,Dd,Qq,Rr,Ff,Gg,Oo,Ll,Mm,Nn,Uu,Ww,Hh,Yy

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• (letter name):IPA^(key):/ɛks/

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex)

1. The twenty-fourthletterof the Afrikaansalphabet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)letter;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

Noun

X(pluralX'e,diminutiveX'ie)

1. X

Albanian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):/d͡z/

Letter

X(upper caseX,lower casex)

1. The thirty-secondletterof the Albanianalphabet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)shkronjë;Aa,Bb,Cc,Çç,Dd,Dhdh,Ee,Ëë,Ff,Gg,Gjgj,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Llll,Mm,Nn,Njnj,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Rrrr,Ss,Shsh,Tt,Thth,Uu,Vv,Xx,Xhxh,Yy,Zz,Zhzh
• (Arvanitic)(Greek-script letters)Αα,Ββ,Ƃƅ,Γγ,Γϳγϳ,Δδ,Dd,Εε,Ε̱ε̱,Ζζ,Ζ̇ζ̇,Θθ,Ιι,Ϳϳ,Κκ,Κ̇κ̇,Λλ,ΛΛλλ,Λ̇λ̇,Μμ,Νν,Ν̇ν̇,Οο,Ππ,Ρρ,Ρ̇ρ̇,Σσ,Σ̈σ̈,Ττ,Ȣȣ,Υυ,Φφ,Χχ,Χ̇χ̇,ΤΣτσ,ΤΣ̈τσ̈,DΣdσ,DΣ̈dσ̈

Azerbaijani

Letter

Xupper case(lower casex)

1. The twelfthletterof the Azerbaijanialphabet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)hərf;Aa,Bb,Cc,Çç,Dd,Ee,Əə,Ff,Gg,Ğğ,Hh,Xx,Iı,İi,Jj,Kk,Qq,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Öö,Pp,Rr,Ss,Şş,Tt,Uu,Üü,Vv,Yy,Zz

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/iʃa/,[i.ʃa]

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex)

1. The twenty-fifthletterof the Basquealphabet,calledixaand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Bb,Cc(Çç),Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ññ,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu(Üü),Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

Central Franconian

Pronunciation

• /ks/

Letter

X

1. A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
2. A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.

Usage notes

• In the German-based spelling,xis thedefaultspelling for/ks/,but not the most frequent spelling. Following the German cognate or otherwise when there is an interveningmorphemeboundary, the spellingschs, cks, ks(possibly alsoggs) may be used instead.
• In the Dutch-based spelling,/ks/is usually represented byks.The letterxoccurs only rarely in loanwords.
• Xis never doubled and preceding vowels are short unless they are themselves doubled (as in English).

Central Mazahua

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ʃ/

Letter

X(lower casex)

1. A letter of theMazahuaalphabet.

Chinese

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin):áikesi

  (Zhuyin):ㄞˊ ˙ㄎㄜ ˙ㄙ

• Cantonese(Jyutping):ik¹si⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien,POJ):ek-su

  (Teochew,Peng'im):ih⁴se⁸

• Wu(Shanghai,Wugniu):⁷eq⁵kheq-sy;¹e-kheq-sy

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin:áikesi
    • Zhuyin:ㄞˊ ˙ㄎㄜ ˙ㄙ
    • Tongyong Pinyin:áike̊si̊h
    • Wade–Giles:ai²-kʻo⁵-ssŭ⁵
    • Yale:ái-ke-sz
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh:air.ke.sy
    • Palladius:айкэсы(ajkɛsy)
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/ˀaɪ̯³⁵ kʰə³ sz̩¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping:ik¹si⁴
    • Yale:īk sìh
    • Cantonese Pinyin:ik⁷si⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization:ig¹xi⁴
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɪk̚⁵ siː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien:Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī:ek-su
    • Tâi-lô:ik-su
    • Phofsit Daibuun:eksw
    • IPA(Xiamen):/iɪk̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im:ih⁴se⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:ih sṳ̍
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/iʔ²⁻⁴ sɯ⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern:Shanghai)
    • Wugniu:⁷eq⁵kheq-sy;¹e-kheq-sy
    • MiniDict:eh^Nhậpkheh^Khứsy; e^Bìnhkheh sy
    • Wiktionary Romanisation(Shanghai):⁴eq²kheq-sr;¹e-kheq-sr
    • SinologicalIPA(Shanghai):/əʔ⁵⁵ kʰəʔ³³sz̩⁴⁴/,/e⁵⁵kʰəʔ³³ sz̩²¹/

Letter

X

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet.

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin):xī(xi¹)

  (Zhuyin):ㄒㄧ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin:xī
    • Zhuyin:ㄒㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin:si
    • Wade–Giles:hsi¹
    • Yale:syī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh:shi
    • Palladius:си(si)
    • SinologicalIPA^(key):/ɕi⁵⁵/

Letter

X

1. The second letter used inPinyin.

Dutch

Pronunciation

• (letter name)IPA^(key):/ɪks/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

X(capital,lowercasex)

1. The twenty-fourthletterof the Dutchalphabet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• Previous letter:W
• Next letter:Y

Esperanto

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex)

1. (replacement)The letter that represents a diacritic in thex-system,written after the letter in its non-diacriticedform; it is calledikso.

   ambaŭ→ambaux

Finnish

Etymology

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. Seethe Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information,andXfor information on the development of the glyph itself.

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex)

1. The twenty-thirdletterof the Finnishalphabet,calledäksoreksand written in theLatin script.

Usage notes

• Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords, it is replaced withks.

Derived terms

compounds

• X-bosoni
• X-kromosomi
• X-lentokone
• X-sukupolvi
• X-tehokkuus

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)kirjain;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss(Šš),Tt,Uu,Vv(Ww),Xx,Yy,Zz(Žž),Åå,Ää,Öö

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/iks/

• Audio(Paris):

  (file)

Noun

Xmorf(pluralX)

1. The twenty-fourthletterof the Frenchalphabet,calledixeand written in theLatin script.
2. X-framestool
   • 1862,Victor Hugo,chapter1,inLes Misérables,Tome I: Fantine, book 3:

     La duchesse de Duras lisait à trois ou quatre amis, dans son boudoir meublé d’Xen satin bleu ciel[…].

     The Duchess de Duras was reading to two or three friends, in a boudoir furnished with X-frame stools in sky-blue satin.

Adjective

X(invariable)

1. X-rated

Derived terms

• film X

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ʔɪks/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɪks

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex)

1. The twenty-fourthletterof the Germanalphabet,written in theLatin script.

Heiltsuk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ç/

Letter

X(lower casex)

1. Aletterof the Heiltsukalphabet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Áá,A̓a̓,Bb,Cc,C̓c̓,Dd,Ꟛꟛ,Gg,Gvgv,Ǧǧ,Ǧvǧv,Hh,H̓h̓,Ħħ,Ii,Íí,I̓i̓,Kk,Kvkv,K̓k̓,K̓vk̓v,Ll,ʼLl̓,Ḷḷ,Ḷ́ḷ́,ʼḶḷ̓,Ɫɫ,Mm,ʼMm̓,Ṃṃ,Ṃ́ṃ́,ʼṂṃ̓,Nn,ʼNn̓,Ṇṇ,Ṇ́ṇ́,ʼṆṇ̓,Pp,P̓p̓,Qq,Qvqv,Q̓q̓,Q̓vq̓v,Ss,Tt,T̓t̓,Ƛƛ,Ƛ̓ƛ̓,Uu,Úú,U̓u̓,Ww,ʼWw̓,Xx,Xvxv,X̌x̌,X̌vx̌v,Yy,ʼYy̓,Zz,ʔ

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• (letter name)IPA^(key):[ˈiks]
• (phonetic realization)IPA^(key):[ˈks]

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex)

1. A letter of the extended Hungarianalphabet,calledikszand written in theLatin script.

Declension

Inflection (stem in-e-,front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	X	X-ek
accusative	X-et	X-eket
dative	X-nek	X-eknek
instrumental	X-szel	X-ekkel
causal-final	X-ért	X-ekért
translative	X-szé	X-ekké
terminative	X-ig	X-ekig
essive-formal	X-ként	X-ekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	X-ben	X-ekben
superessive	X-en	X-eken
adessive	X-nél	X-eknél
illative	X-be	X-ekbe
sublative	X-re	X-ekre
allative	X-hez	X-ekhez
elative	X-ből	X-ekből
delative	X-ről	X-ekről
ablative	X-től	X-ektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	X-é	X-eké
non-attributive possessive - plural	X-éi	X-ekéi

Possessive formsofX
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	X-em	X-eim
2nd person sing.	X-ed	X-eid
3rd person sing.	X-e	X-ei
1st person plural	X-ünk	X-eink
2nd person plural	X-etek	X-eitek
3rd person plural	X-ük	X-eik

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)betű;Aa,Áá,Bb,Cc,Cscs,Dd,Dzdz,Dzsdzs,Ee,Éé,Ff,Gg,Gygy,Hh,Ii,Íí,Jj,Kk,Ll,Lyly,Mm,Nn,Nyny,Oo,Óó,Öö,Őő,Pp,Rr,Ss,Szsz,Tt,Tyty,Uu,Úú,Üü,Űű,Vv,Zz,Zszs.Only in the extended alphabet:QqWwXxYy.Commonly used:ch.Also defined:àë.In surnames (selection):äaaczdseéeöewoeoóthtsÿ.

Icelandic

Letter

X(lower casex)

1. The twenty-seventhletterof the Icelandicalphabet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)bókstafur;Aa,Áá,Bb,Dd,Ðð,Ee,Éé,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Íí,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Óó,Pp,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Úú,Vv,Xx,Yy,Ýý,Þþ,Ææ,Öö

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ks/

Letter

X(lower casex)

1. The twenty-fourthletterof the Idoalphabet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)litero;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

Italian

Pronunciation

• (letter name)IPA^(key):/ˈiks/
  • Rhymes:-iks
• (phonemic realization)IPA^(key):/ks/

Letter

Xform(invariable,upper case,lower casex)

1. the twenty-fourth letter of theLatin alphabet,calledicsin Italian

Usage notes

• The letterXis not considered part of the Italian alphabet. It is found mainly in loanwords,Latinisms,andGrecisms.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)lettera;Aa(Àà),Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee(Éé,Èè),Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii(Íí,Ìì,Îî,Jj,Kk),Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo(Óó,Òò),Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu(Úú,Ùù),Vv(Ww,Xx,Yy),Zz
• Italian alphabeton Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Korean

Etymology

FromJapanese×(ばつ).

Symbol

X•(X)

1. false.

Antonyms

• O(O)

Derived terms

OX(OX)

Kwak'wala

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/x/

Letter

X(lower casex)

1. Aletterof the Kwak'walaalphabet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• Uʼmista(Latin-scriptletters)Aa,A̱a̱,Bb,Dd,Dłdł,Dzdz,Ee,Gg,Gwgw,G̱g̱,G̱wg̱w,Hh,Ii,Kk,Kwkw,K̓k̓,K̓wk̓w,Ḵḵ,Ḵwḵw,Ḵ̓ḵ̓,Ḵ̓wḵ̓w,Ll,ʼLʼl,Łł,Mm,ʼMʼm,Nn,ʼNʼn,Oo,Pp,P̓p̓,Ss,Tt,T̓t̓,Tłtł,T̓łt̓ł,Tsts,T̓st̓s,Uu,Ww,ʼWʼw,Xx,Xwxw,X̱x̱,X̱wx̱w,Yy,ʼYʼy,ʼ

• Liq̓ʷala(Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Əə,Bb,Dd,Ꟛꟛ,Dᶻdᶻ,Ee,Gg,Gʷgʷ,Ǧǧ,Ǧʷǧʷ,Hh,Ii,Kk,Kʷkʷ,K̓k̓,K̓ʷk̓ʷ,Qq,Qʷqʷ,Q̓q̓,Q̓ʷq̓ʷ,Ll,L̓l̓,Łł,Mm,M̓m̓,Nn,N̓n̓,Oo,Pp,P̓p̓,Ss,Tt,T̓t̓,Ƛƛ,Ƛ̓ƛ̓,Cc,C̓c̓,Uu,Ww,W̓w̓,Xx,Xʷxʷ,X̌x̌,X̌ʷx̌ʷ,Yy,Y̓y̓,ʔ

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed fromAncient GreekΧ(Kh,“chi”),which represented /ks/ in the dialects of most of the Greek mainland and Euboea.

Pronunciation

The sound of X was like that of the GreekΞ(X,“xi”),that is /ks/, although etymologically it represented not onlycs(as inlūx,from luc-s, anddīxī,from dic-si), but alsogs(as inlēx,from leg-s;rēxī,from reg-si);hs(as intrāxī,from trah-si;vexī,from veh-si); andchs(as in the wordonyx,from onych-s, borrowed from the Greek). The hardening of a softer final (g,h,ch) beforesinto theсsound, which occurs in the last-mentioned cases, is found also in several roots ending invandu:nixforniv-s,vīxīforviv-si,connixīfor conniv-si,fluxīforfluv-si,fromfluō(rootfluv-;comparefluvius),struxīforstru-si.

Less frequentlyxhas arisen from the combinationspsandts:proximusforprop-simus(fromprope),nīxusfor nit-sus (fromnītor), the latter being used along with the collateral formnīsus,as alsoconnīvīwithconnixī,andmistus(frommisceō) withmixtus.

An exchange of the soundsssorsandx,took place inaxisforassisandlaxusforlassus.In the later language of the vulgar, the guttural sound inxdisappeared, andsorsswas often written for it; asvisforvix,visitforvīxit,unsitforunxit,conflississet forconflixisset,in late inscriptions; hence regularly in Italian, and frequently in the other Romance tongues, the Latinxis represented bysorss.

By a mere graphic variation, one of the constituent sounds ofxis often expressed in inscriptions (but not the earliest) by an additionalсors;as SACXO or SAXSO forsaxō;VCXOR or VXSOR foruxor;CONIVNCX or CONIVNXS forconjunx;even both sounds are sometimes thus expressed, VICXSIT forvīxit.

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex)

1. The twenty-thirdletterof the Latinalphabet,written in theLatin script.

Numeral

X

1. ten;decem.

See also

• Roman numeral letters:I,V,L,C,D,M.
• Unicode glyphs of Roman numerals:Ⅹ,ⅹ.
• Appendixes:Roman numerals,Latin cardinal numerals

References

• “X” in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short [1907],A New Latin Dictionary.

Malay

Pronunciation

• (letter name)IPA^(key):[ɛk̚s]
• (phonetic realization)IPA^(key):(onset)[z],(coda)[k̚s]

Letter

X

1. The twenty-fourthletterof the Malayalphabet,calledeksand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

Norwegian

Letter

X(upper caseX,lower casex)

1. the 24th letter of the Norwegian alphabet

Usage notes

Mostly used in loan words and foreign names. Also used in old inscriptions and texts instead ofks.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

(letter name)

• (Brazil)IPA^(key):/ˈʃis/

• (Brazil)IPA^(key):/ˈʃis/
  • (Rio de Janeiro)IPA^(key):/ˈʃiʃ/

• (Portugal)IPA^(key):/ˈʃiʃ/

(phonetic realization)IPA^(key):/s/,/z/,/ʃ/,/ks/,/ɡz/

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex)

1. The twenty-fourthletterof the Portuguesealphabet,calledxisand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)letra;Aa(Áá,Àà,Ââ,Ãã),Bb,Cc(Çç),Dd,Ee(Éé,Êê),Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii(Íí),Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo(Óó,Ôô,Õõ),Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu(Úú),Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz
• xis

Romani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/x/

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex)

1. (International Standard)The eleventhletterof the Romanialphabet,written in theLatin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax)The twelfthletterof the Romanialphabet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Xx,Ii,Jj,Kk,Khkh,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Phph,Rr,Ss,Tt,Thth,Uu,Vv,ZzInternational Standard:(Àà,Ää,Ǎǎ),Ćć,Ćhćh,(Èè,Ëë,Ěě), (Ìì,Ïï,Ǐǐ), (Òò,Öö,Ǒǒ),Rrrr,Śś,(Ùù,Üü,Ǔǔ),Źź,Ʒʒ,Qq,Çç,ϴθ.Pan-Vlax:Čč,Čhčh,Dždž,(Dźdź),Řř,Šš,(Śś),Žž,(Źź).

References

• Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “X, x”,inニューエクスプレス ロマ ( ジプシー ) ngữ(in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha,→ISBN,page13

Romanian

Pronunciation

• (phonetic realization)IPA^(key):/ks/,/ɡz/

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex)

1. The twenty-ninthletterof the Romanianalphabet,calledicsand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Ăă,Ââ,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Îî,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Șș,Tt,Țț,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

Saanich

Pronunciation

• (phonetic realization)IPA^(key):/x̠/

Letter

X

1. The thirty-fifthletterof the Saanichalphabet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)A,Á,Ⱥ,B,C,Ć,Ȼ,D,E,H,I,Í,J,K,Ꝁ,Ꝃ,₭,Ḵ,Ḱ,L,Ƚ,M,N,Ṉ,O,P,Q,S,Ś,T,Ⱦ,Ṯ,Ŧ,U,W,W̱,X,X̱,Y,Z,s,¸

Somali

Pronunciation

• (letter name)IPA^(key):/ħɑ/
• (phonetic realization)IPA^(key):/ħ/

Letter

Xupper case(lower casex)

1. The fifthletterof the Somalialphabet,calledxaand written in theLatin script.

Usage notes

1. The fifth letter of theSomalialphabet, which followsArabicabjadorder. It is preceded byJand followed byKH.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)ʼ,Bb,Tt,Jj,Xx,Khkh,Dd,Rr,Ss,Shsh,Dhdh,Cc,Gg,Ff,Qq,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ww,Hh,Yy,Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):/ˈekis/[ˈe.kis]
• Rhymes:-ekis

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex)

1. The twenty-fifthletterof the Spanishalphabet,written in theLatin script.

Derived terms

• cada X tiempo
• rayo X

Tagalog

Etymology

BorrowedfromSpanishX.Each pronunciation has a different source:

• Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced byEnglishX.
• Abecedario pronunciation is fromSpanishX.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key):/ˈʔeks/[ˈʔɛks](letter name, Filipino alphabet)
    • Rhymes:-eks
  • IPA^(key):/ˈʔekis/[ˈʔɛː.xɪs](letter name, Abecedario)
    • Rhymes:-ekis
  • IPA^(key):/ks/[ks](phoneme)
  • IPA^(key):/h/[h](phoneme, some Spanish loanwords)

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex,Baybayin spellingᜁᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔)

1. The twenty-sixthletterof the Tagalogalphabet(theFilipino alphabet), calledeksand written in theLatin script.

Usage notes

• This letter is mostly used only in proper nouns, unadapted loanwords, or Spanish-based spellings.

Related terms

• rayos X

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)titik;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Ññ,Ngng,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex,Baybayin spellingᜁᜃᜒᜐ᜔)

1. (historical)The twenty-sixthletterof the Tagalogalphabet(theAbecedario), calledequisorekisand written in theLatin script.

Further reading

• “X”,inPambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph,Manila,2018

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội)IPA^(key):[ʔit̚˧˦ si˨˩],[ʔit̚˧˦ si˨˩],[səː˨˩],[səː˨˩ ɲɛ˧˨ʔ]
• (Huế)IPA^(key):[ʔit̚˦˧˥ ʂɪj˦˩]~[ʔit̚˦˧˥ sɪj˦˩],[ʔit̚˦˧˥ sɪj˦˩],[səː˦˩],[səː˦˩ ɲɛ˨˩ʔ]
• (Saigon)IPA^(key):[ʔɨt̚˦˥ ʂɪj˨˩]~[ʔɨt̚˦˥ sɪj˨˩],[ʔɨt̚˦˥ sɪj˨˩],[səː˨˩],[səː˨˩ ɲɛ˨˩˨]
• Phonetic spelling:ít sì, ít xì, xờ, xờ nhẹ

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex)

1. The twenty-eighthletterof the Vietnamesealphabet,calledích,ích xì,xờ,orxờ nhẹand written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Quốc ngữletters)chữ cái;Aa(Àà,Ảả,Ãã,Áá,Ạạ),Ăă(Ằằ,Ẳẳ,Ẵẵ,Ắắ,Ặặ),Ââ(Ầầ,Ẩẩ,Ẫẫ,Ấấ,Ậậ),Bb,Cc(Chch),Dd,Đđ,Ee(Èè,Ẻẻ,Ẽẽ,Éé,Ẹẹ),Êê(Ềề,Ểể,Ễễ,Ếế,Ệệ),Gg(Ghgh,Gigi),Hh,Ii(Ìì,Ỉỉ,Ĩĩ,Íí,Ịị),Kk(Khkh),Ll,Mm,Nn(Ngng,Nghngh,Nhnh),Oo(Òò,Ỏỏ,Õõ,Óó,Ọọ),Ôô(Ồồ,Ổổ,Ỗỗ,Ốố,Ộộ),Ơơ(Ờờ,Ởở,Ỡỡ,Ớớ,Ợợ),Pp(Phph),Qq(Ququ),Rr,Ss,Tt(Thth,Trtr),Uu(Ùù,Ủủ,Ũũ,Úú,Ụụ),Ưư(Ừừ,Ửử,Ữữ,Ứứ,Ựự),Vv,Xx,Yy(Ỳỳ,Ỷỷ,Ỹỹ,Ýý,Ỵỵ)

Zulu

Letter

X(upper case,lower casex)

1. The twenty-fourthletterof the Zulualphabet,written in theLatin script.

See also

• (Latin-scriptletters)Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz