Wiktionary

dog

See also:DOG,Dog,dög,and'dog

English

edit
EnglishWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipedia
A dog (aLabrador retriever)

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

InheritedfromMiddle Englishdogge[1](akin toScotsdug), fromOld Englishdogga,docga,[2][3]of uncertain origin.

The original meaning seems to have been a common dog, as opposed to a well-bred one, or something like 'cur', and perhaps later came to be used for stocky dogs. Possibly a pet-form diminutive with suffix-ga(comparefrocga(“frog”),*picga(“pig”)), appended to a base*dog-,*doc-of unclear origin and meaning. One possibility isOld Englishdox(“dark, swarthy”)(comparefrocgafromfrox).[4]Another proposal is that it derives fromProto-West Germanic*dugan(“to be suitable”),the origin ofOld Englishdugan(“to be good, worthy, useful”),Englishdow,Dutchdeugen,Germantaugen.The theory goes that it could have been an epithet for dogs, commonly used by children, meaning "good/useful animal".[5]Another is that it is related to*docce(“stock, muscle”),from Proto-West Germanic*dokkā(“round mass, ball, muscle, doll”),whence Englishdock(“stumpy tail”).

In 14th-century England,hound(from Old Englishhund) was the general word for all domestic canines, anddogreferred to a subtype resembling the modern mastiff and bulldog.[6]By the 16th century,doghad become the general word, andhoundhad begun to refer only to breeds used forhunting.[7]In the 16th century, the worddogwas adopted by several continental European languages as their word formastiff.[8]

Despite similarities in forms and meaning, not related toMbabaramdog.

Noun

edit

dog(countableanduncountable,pluraldogs)

  1. Amammalof thefamilyCanidae:
    2. ThespeciesCanis familiaris(sometimes designatedCanis lupus familiaris),domesticatedfor thousands ofyearsand of highly variable appearance because ofhumanbreeding.
      • 1918,W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell,chapter XVI, inThe Mirror and the Lamp,Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
        The preposterous altruism too![…]Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sizeddog.
      • 1963,Margery Allingham,chapter 19, inThe China Governess: A Mystery,London:Chatto & Windus,→OCLC:
        When Timothy and Julia hurried up the staircase to the bedroom floor, where a considerable commotion was taking place, Tim took Barry Leach with him.[…].The captive made no resistance and came not only quietly but in a series of eager little rushes like a timiddogon a choke chain.
      Thedogbarked all night long.
    3. Any member of the family Canidae, including domestic dogs, wolves, coyotes, jackals, foxes, and their relatives(extant and extinct);canid.
      • 1989,John L. Gittleman,Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution,page561:
        This includes the development of hyena-like bone crushers (OsteoborusandBorophagus), a large bone-crushing huntingdog(Aelurodon), and another borophagine frugivorousdog(Carpocyon).
    4. (oftenattributive)A male dog,wolf,orfox,as opposed to abitchorvixen.
      • 1908,Dogdom,volume 9, page337,column 1:
        Entirely disregarding sex, Ch. Searchlight has a beautiful Cocker head, but as he is adog,his head is too fine and far too much upon the bitchy order.
      • 1928,Siegfried Sassoon,Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man,Penguin, published2013,page149:
        Firstly, he was there to encourage and assist the hounds (a scratch pack – mostlydog-hounds drafted from fox-hound kennels because they were over-sized)[…]
  2. (uncountable)Themeatof this animal, eaten as food.
    Did you know that they eatdogin parts of Asia?
  3. A person:
    1. (slang,derogatory)Adull,unattractivegirlorwoman.
      She’s a realdog.
    2. (slang)Aman,guy,chap.
      You luckydog!
    3. (derogatory)Someone who iscowardly,worthless, or morallyreprehensible.
      Come back and fight, youdogs!
      You dirtydog.
    4. (slang)A sexually aggressive man.
      • 2005,“Stay Fly”, in Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, Willie Hutchinson (lyrics),Most Known Unknown‎[4],performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, and MJG), Sony BMG:
        DJ Paul is adog;one you do not trust.
  4. A mechanical device or support:
    1. Any of various mechanical devices for holding, gripping, or fastening something, particularly with a tooth-like projection.
      • 2009,ForestWorks,Chainsaw Operator's Manual,page41:
        Whenever possible, let the tree support the weight of the chainsaw. Pivot the saw, using the saw'sdogs(spikes) as a fulcrum.
    3. Aclickorpalletadapted to engage the teeth of aratchet wheel,to restrain the back action.
      Synonyms:click,pallet,pawl,ratchet
    4. A metal support forlogsin a fireplace.
      Thedogswere too hot to touch.
    5. (transport,historical)A double-endedsidespikedriven through aholein theflangeof arailon atramway.
  5. (cartomancy)The eighteenthLenormandcard.
  6. Ahot dog:afrankfurter,wiener,or similarsausage;or asandwichmade from this.
    Alternative form:'dog
    • 1994July 21, Faye Fiore, “Congress relishes another franking privilege: Meat lobby puts on the dog with exclusive luncheon for lawmakers – experts on pork”, inLos Angeles Times‎[5]:
      Congressmen gleefully wolfed down every imaginable version of the hot dog – smoked kielbasas, jumbo grillers, Big & Juicy's, kosherdogsand spiceddogs[…]
  7. (pokerslang)Anunderdog.
  8. (slang,chiefly in theplural)Foot;toe.
    Mydogsare barking!―My feet hurt!
    You look good in those shoes with yourdogsout!―You look good wearing shoes that show your toes!
  9. (Cockney rhyming slang)(from "dog and bone" )Phoneormobile phone.
    Mydogis dead.
    My mobile-phone battery has run out of charge and is no longer able to function.
  10. One of theconesused to divide up aracetrackwhen training horses.
  11. (informal)Something that performs poorly.
    • 1885,Robert H. Codrington,The Melanesian Languages,page143:
      He gives hisdog-Mota ordog-Fiji in exchange for Pigeon English.
    That modification turned his Dodge hemi into adog.
    1. (film)Aflop;a film that performs poorly at thebox office.
      • 1969,Ski,volume34,number 4, page121:
        Bluewas released, and as Redford had predicted, it was adog.
      • 2012,Ronald L. Davis,Duke: The Life and Image of John Wayne:
        "WhenThe Alamowas coming out, the word of mouth on it was that it was adog,"Chase said.
  12. (firearms,archaic)Acock,as of agun.
    • 1832,The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia,volume10,page164:
      To this succeeded theSnaplance[sic],in which a motion was given to thedog,or cock, and a movable plate of steel, called the frizel, or hammer, was placed vertically above the pan to receive the action of the flint.
  13. (preceded by definite article)Adancehaving a briefvoguein the 1960s in which the actions of a dog weremimicked.
Synonyms
edit
Hypernyms
edit
Hyponyms
edit
  • (animal):
Coordinate terms
edit
Derived terms
edit
Descendants
edit
Translations
edit
Seedog/translations § Noun.

Verb

edit

dog(third-person singular simple presentdogs,present participledogging,simple past and past participledogged)

  1. (transitive)Topursuewith theintenttocatch.
    Synonyms:chase,chase after,go after,pursue,tag,tail,track,trail
  2. (transitive)Tofollowin anannoyingorharassingway.
    The woman cursed him so that trouble woulddoghis every step.
    • 1749,Henry Fielding,The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling,volume(please specify |volume=I to VI),London:A[ndrew]Millar,[…],→OCLC:
      […]they were discovered in a very improper manner by the husband of the gypsy, who, from jealousy it seems, had kept a watchful eye over his wife, and haddoggedher to the place, where he found her in the arms of her gallant.
    • 2012January, Michael Riordan, “Tackling Infinity”, inAmerican Scientist‎[6],volume100,number 1, archived fromthe originalon30 April 2013,page86:
      Some of the most beautiful and thus appealing physical theories, including quantum electrodynamics and quantum gravity, have beendoggedfor decades by infinities that erupt when theorists try to prod their calculations into new domains. Getting rid of these nagging infinities has probably occupied far more effort than was spent in originating the theories.
    • 2012May 9, Jonathan Wilson, “Europa League: Radamel Falcao's Atlético Madrid rout Athletic Bilbao”, inthe Guardian‎[7]:
      But this is not an Athletic that ever looks comfortable at the back – a criticism that has oftendoggedMarcelo Bielsa's sides.
    • 2021June 21, Daisuke Wakabayashi, “Google Executives See Cracks in Their Company’s Success”, inThe New York Times‎[8],→ISSN:
      Yet Google, which was founded in 1998, isdoggedby the perception that its best days are behind it.
  3. (transitive,nautical)To fasten ahatchsecurely.
    It is very important todogdown these hatches.
  4. (intransitive,emerging usage inBritish)To watch, or participate, in sexual activity in a public place.
    I admit that I like todogat my local country park.
    • 2012,The Onion Book of Known Knowledge,page118:
      Lightning [is a] burst of charged particles that lights up the sky and allows onlookers to see who'sdoggingin the bushes without using a flashlight.
  5. (intransitive,transitive)To intentionally restrict one's productivity as employee; to work at the slowest rate that goes unpunished.
    Synonyms:soldier,goldbrick
    A surprise inspection of the night shift found that some workers weredoggingit.
  6. (transitive,slang)Tocriticize.
  7. (transitive,military)Todivide(awatch) with acomrade.
    • 1902,Winfield Scott Schley,Record of Proceedings of a Court of Inquiry:
      A. We never stood 4 to 8 p.m. watches, sir. Wedoggedour watches.
      Q. I suppose that is 6 to 8 p.m., then; it is a little indistinct. I mean the second dog watch.
    • 2015,Tom Vetter,30,000 Leagues Undersea:
      Meanwhile, wedoggedthe watch sections so that both halves of the crew could fetch full sea bags of uniforms and gear[…]
Derived terms
edit
Translations
edit

Etymology 2

edit

Clippingofdogshit.

Adjective

edit

dog(notcomparable)

  1. (slang)Ofinferiorquality;dogshit.

See also

edit

Further reading

edit

References

edit
  1. ^Hans Kurath, Sherman M. Kuhn,Middle English Dictionary(1962,→ISBN), page 4, page 1204
  2. ^Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “docga”, inAn Anglo-Saxon Dictionary,2nd edition, Oxford:Oxford University Press.
  3. ^Laurel Brinton, Alexander Bergs,Old English(2017,→ISBN), page 59: "In addition, the velar [ɡɡ] and palatal [ɡɡj] geminates could be written as <gg> or <cg>, as in <dogga> ~ <docga>..."; Richard M. Hogg, Norman Francis Blake,The Cambridge History of the English Language(1992,→ISBN), volume 1, age 91 says much the same.
  4. ^Piotr Gąsiorowski, 2006.The Etymology of Old English *docga.Indogermanische Forschungen,111.
  5. ^[1]
  6. ^[2]
  7. ^[3]
  8. ^Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “dog”,inOnline Etymology Dictionary.

Anagrams

edit

Afrikaans

edit

Etymology

edit

FromDutchdocht.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

dog

  1. Alternative form ofdag(preteriteofdink)

Australian Kriol

edit

Etymology

edit

InheritedfromEnglishdog.

Noun

edit

dog

  1. dog

Bislama

edit

Etymology

edit

InheritedfromEnglishdog.Cognate withTok Pisindok.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key):/ˈdoɡ/
  • Hyphenation:dog

Noun

edit

dog

  1. dog

References

edit
  • Terry Crowley (2004)Bislama Reference Grammar,Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi press,→ISBN,page37

Chinese

edit

Etymology 1

edit

DerivedfromEnglishdog,which is translation ofCẩu(gau2,“dog”),which is a homophone ofCửu(gau2,“nine”),which is a euphemism ofCưu／Cưu(gau1,“fucking; stupid”).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

dog

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese,Internetslang,leetspeak,euphemistic)Alternative form ofCưu／Cưu(gau1)

Adjective

edit

dog

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese,Internetslang,leetspeak,euphemistic)Alternative form ofCưu／Cưu(gau1)

Derived terms

edit

Etymology 2

edit

FromEnglishdog.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

dog

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese)The name of theLatin-scriptletterD/d.

See also

edit

Danish

edit

Etymology

edit

InheritedfromOld Danishdogh,which was borrowed fromMiddle Low Germandoch,ultimately fromProto-Germanic*þauh.

Adverb

edit

dog

  1. however
    Det erdogikke sikkert, at de taler sandt.
    It is,however,not certain that they are telling the truth.
  2. Conveying impressedness, emotional affectation, bewilderment.
    Hvor er den hunddognuttet!
    How cute that dog is!
    Sikke dramatisk dudogkan fremstille sagen!
    How dramatically you can present the matter!

Conjunction

edit

dog

  1. though

Dutch

edit

Etymology

edit

BorrowedfromEnglishdog.Attested since the 16th century.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

dogm(pluraldoggen,diminutivedogjen)

  1. a largedog,especially one of certainbreeds

Derived terms

edit

Gullah

edit

Etymology

edit

InheritedfromEnglishdog.

Noun

edit

dog

  1. dog

Mbabaram

edit

Etymology

edit

From*dwog(a)<*udwoga<*gudwaga<Proto-Pama-Nyungan*gudaga.Related toDyirbalguda,Yidinygudaga.False cognateofEnglishdog.[1][2]

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

dog

  1. dog

References

edit
  1. ^Language Hat,excerpting Dixon'sMemoirs of a Field Worker
  2. ↑2.02.1Stephen R. Anderson,Languages: A Very Short Introduction(Oxford 2012), 36.
edit

Etymology

edit

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

edit

dog

  1. thump,dub(sound of a heartbeat; thumping sound of a person walking on the roof of a house as heard by someone in the house)

Synonyms

edit

Norwegian Bokmål

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Adverb

edit

dog

  1. however

Conjunction

edit

dog

  1. though

Polish

edit
PolishWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipediapl

Etymology

edit

BorrowedfromEnglishdog,fromMiddle Englishdogge,fromOld Englishdogga,docga.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

dogmanimal

  1. mastiff

Declension

edit
Declension ofdog
singular plural
nominative dog dogi
genitive doga dogów
dative dogowi dogom
accusative doga dogi
instrumental dogiem dogami
locative dogu dogach
vocative dogu dogi

Further reading

edit
  • doginWielki słownik języka polskiego,Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • dogin Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

dogm(pluraldogs)

  1. Alternative form ofdogue

Romanian

edit

Etymology

edit

BorrowedfromFrenchdogue,fromEnglishdog.

Noun

edit

dogm(pluraldogi)

  1. mastiff

Declension

edit
Declension ofdog
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un)dog dogul (niște)dogi dogii
genitive/dative (unui)dog dogului (unor)dogi dogilor
vocative dogule dogilor

Swedish

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

dog

  1. pastindicativeofdö

Anagrams

edit

Torres Strait Creole

edit

Etymology

edit

DerivedfromEnglishdog.

Noun

edit

dog

  1. dog

Volapük

edit
VolapükWikipediahas an article on:
Wikipediavo

Etymology

edit

BorrowedfromEnglishdog.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

dog(nominative pluraldogs)

  1. dog
    • 1952,Arie de Jong,Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: VII:
      No givolsöd saludikosidoges,e no jedolsöd pärlatis olsik foi svins! dat bo no dästepons onis me lögs oksik, e flekons okis, e dasleitons olis.
      Do not givedogswhat is holy; and do not cast pearls before swine, or they may trample them and then turn on you and tear you to pieces.

Declension

edit
declension ofdog
singular plural
nominative dog dogs
genitive doga dogas
dative doge doges
accusative dogi dogis
vocative1 odog! odogs!
predicative2 dogu dogus
  • 1status as a case is disputed
  • 2in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

edit
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=dog&oldid=82587109"